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TI1K

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PROCEEDINGS

CV* Ay <

!lu . L I 8 R A R Y C

OF THE

LINNEAN SOCIETY

OF

NEW SOUTH WALES.

VOL. I.

[With Seventeen Plates.]

SYDNEY

PRINTED &: PUBLISHED POIR, THIS SOCIETY

^Y GlBBS, ^HALLARD, & po,, 108 j^ITT jBlREET,

AND SOLD BY THE SOCIETY

1877.

o$7*

(d

*

CONTENTS OF VOL. I.

PART I.

List of Members

Rules

Description of fourteen new species of Shells from Australia and the

Solomon Islands. By John Brazier, C.M.Z. S

Description of a new Ptilotis from the Endeavour. By E. Pierson

Ramsay, F.L.S., Curator Australian Museum

Notes on the Entozoa of a Sun Fish. By W. Macleay, F.L.S

Notes on a new species of Dendrophis from Cleveland Bay. By

, Willliam Macleay, F.L.S

Descriptions of eight species of Australian and Tasmanian Land

and Fresh Water Shells. By John Brazier, C.M.Z. S

On the Stone Implements of Australia and the South Sea Islands.

By James C. Cox, M.D., F.L. S. , &c

Description of a new Trichoglossus. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S.
A new genus and species of Rat Kangaroo. By E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S.
Notes on the Zoology of the Chevert Expedition. By William

Macleay, F.L.S

Characters of a new genus and species of Passerine Bird from the

Fiji Islands. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S

Descriptions of new species of Merula and Rhypidura from the Fiji

Islands. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S

Ornithology of the Chevert, Part I. By George Masters

A new Pachycephala from Fiji. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S

A new Pachycephala from New Britain. By E. P. Ramsay, F L.S.

Description of a new Lamprolia. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S

The Avi-fauna of the Fijian Group. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S.

Description of a new Bat. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S

Annual Address. By the President

Page
iii
vii

9
12

15

17

21
30
33

36

41

43
44
65
66
68
69
81
83

27763

IV. CONTENTS.

PART II.

Page.
Description of two species of Helix from Queensland. By John

Brazier, C.M.Z.S 97

Description of thirty-five new species of Land Shells collected during

the Chevert Expedition. By John Brazier, C.M.Z.S 98

Notes on a Collection of Geological Specimens from Torres Straits

and New Guinea. By C. S. Wilkinson, Government Geologist 113
List of Land Shells of the Chevert Expedition. By John Brazier,

C.M.Z.S 117

Description of a new Ptilinopus from New Hebrides. By E. Pierson

Eamsay, F.L.S 133

Description of a new Plover from North Australia. By E. Pierson

Eamsay, F.L.S 135

Description of a species of Pupina from Barrow Island. By John

Brazier, C.M.Z.S 136

The Araneides of the Chevert Expedition. By H. H. B. Bradley, Esq. 137
The Pleurotomidae of the Chevert Expedition. By John Brazier,

C.M.Z.S 151

On a new species of Kangaroo from New Guinea. By E. Pierson

Eamsay, F.L.S 162

Notes on some New Guinea Coleoptera. By William Macleay, F.L.S. 164

PAET III.

List of Marine Shells, with Descriptions of the new species collected

during the Chevert Expedition. By John Brazier, C.M.Z.S 169

List of Australian Game Birds and other species which should be
protected by the "Game Preservation Act." By E. Pierson
Eamsay, F.L.S., Curator of the Museum, Sydney 182

Eemarks on a supposed new species of Pocphila. By E. Pierson

Eamsay, F.L.S 197

List of Shells collected during the Chevert Expedition. By John

Brazier, C.M.Z.S 199

CONTENTS.

PAKT IV.

Page.

Remarks on the large number of Game Birds which have of late been
offered for sale in Sydney. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S.,
Curator of the Australian Museum 215

On some new forms of Arachuidae. By H. H. B. Bradley, Esq. (with

plate) 220

List of Shells collected during the Chevert Expedition. By John

Brazier, CM. Z.S 224

On a new genus of Arachnids. By H. H. B. Bradley, Esq. 240

Observations on the genus Risella. By Rev. J. E. Tenison- Woods,

F.L.S., F.G.S., &c.,&c 242

List of Shells collected during the Chevert Expedition, with Descrip-
tions of the new species. By John Brazier, C.M.Z.S 249

The Ichthyology of the Chevert Expedition. By Haynes Gibbes

Alleyne, M.D., and William Macleay, F.L.S. (with plates) 261

Note on Pocphila Gouldia?. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S. .... 281

Continuation of the Mollusca of Chevert the Expedition. By John

Brazier, C.M.Z.S. .. .. .. .. .. 283

Notes on the Entomology of New Ireland. By William Macleay, F.L.S. 301
Notes on Lsevicardium Beechii. By John Brazier, C.M.Z.S. . . 300

Description of a new species of Halmaturus, from New Ireland. By

E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S., Curator of the Australian Museum 307

Description of a new species of Perameles, from New Ireland. By

E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S., &c. .. .. .. .. 310

Continuation of the Mollusca of the Chevert Expedition. By John

Brazier, C.M.Z.S. .. .. .. .. .. 311

The Ichthyology of the Chevert Expedition (2). By Haynes Gibbes

Alleyne, M.D., and William Macleay, F.L.S. (with eight plates.) 321
Description of a new species of Petroyale, from the Palm Islands.

By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S., &c. .. .. .. 359

VI. CONSENTS.

Page.

Notes on the Nidincation of Geobasileus reguloides and chrysorrhous.

By George Masters, Curator of the Macleayan Museum. . . 361

Continuation of the Mollusca of the Chevert Expedition. 13y John

Brazier, CM. Z.S. .. .. .. .. .. 362

Notes of a collection of Birds, from New Britain, New Ireland, and
the Duke of York Islands, with some remarks on the Zoology of
the Group. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S.. . .. .. 369

Note on Perameles Cockerellii. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S., &c. 378

Notes of a collection of Birds from the Norman River, Gulf of Car-
pentaria. By M. Le Comte de Castelnau, Consul General of
France, and E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L S. , &c. . . .. .. 379

Notes on a collection of Birds from Fort Moresby, with descriptions

of new species. By E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L. S. .. .. 386

Annual Address by the President . . . . . . . . 396

INDEX TO VOL. I.

Abretia tenera . .
Achirus pavoninus
Acus Chloratus . .
Jukesi

maculatus . .
tenera
Actitiuais bartramius
Actites empusa . .
bypoleucos
Actodronias Australis
JEdicnemus grallarius
..Egialites bicinctus
hiaticula
inoruatus
Mastersi
monarcha
nigrifrons
ruficapillus
A la Mottah
Alcyone albiventris
pusilla . .
Alectrion rutilans
suturalis
Alvania Beani

Zetlaudica
Arnadina Gouldiae
Arnbassis Papuensis
Arnblynura Pealei
Amnicola Petterdiana
Sinisoniana
Amoria raaculata
Amphiprion percula
Amphiperas angulosa
brevis
Ovum
punctata
striatula
Aniycla abyssicola
inscripta
marias
merita . .
pudica . .

189

18

188,

PAGE.

253

347
253
253
253
253
184
394
01
60
384
188
394
188
135
188
188
384
332
48
48, 380
180
180
368
369
198
266
73
19
19
206
342
300
301
300
300
300
232
230
232
231
231

Anacbis clathrata

PAKE.

229

Digglesi

. ,

228

Gowllandi

, ,

229

lentiginosa

. .

228

regulus

. .

228

Auas na?vosa . . 195,

216

219

punctata . . 195,

216,

219

superoiliosa 77, 195,

216,

219

Auserauas melanoleuca 194,

217

219

220.

Anous leucocepbalus

* •

77

leucocapillus

64

, 80

rnelanops

• .

64

stolidus

. .

63

Antennarius urophthalinus

. ,

335

Apaturina Erminia

. ,

304

Aplouis cassinii . .

7S

, 79

cenerascens

. .

77

tabuensis

. .

79

Apooryptes lineatus

. .

332

Apollon auceps

175

gyrina ..

175

pusilla . .

. .

175

Apogou A ru biennis

. .

267

Balinensis

, ,

267

endeka-tcertia . .

. .

267

f asciatus

. ,

267

guttulatus

267

novein-fasciatus

. .

267

Apogouicbtbys Darnleyensis

. .

268

maruioratus

. ,

268

Architectonica purpurata

. .

286

Arcularia callosa

. ,

179

nana ...

. .

179

Thersites

. .

180

Ardea jugularis

, .

80

Javanica . .

. ,

78

Nova>Hollandia3 . .

61,

191

Ardea cinerea

. ,

191

Pacifica

191

,386

sacra

, ,

80

Sumatrana

• •

191

vni.

INDEX.

Ardetta pulsilla

l'AUK.

. . 192

Bembicium pictum

'AGE.

243

Argiope lunata

.. 143

Beruicla jubata . .

217

picta

.. 141

Birostra volva

301

protensa

.. 144

Bithinia byalina . .

9

regalis

.. 141

Biziura lobata

196,

216

219

variabilis

.. 141

Bodianus maculatus

265

Arms nasutus

. . 348

Botaurus Australia

192

,219

thalassinus

.. 348

poiciloptilus .

. .

219

Arses Kaupi

.. 51

Bothriocephalus microc

ephalus

12

telescopthalmus . .

.. 391

Bruchigavia Gouldi

. ,

62

Artamus albiventris

.. 380

Buceros flavicollis

, .

393

leucopygialis . .

18, 380, 392

ruficollis

. .

37

mentalis

.. 71

Buccinum albescens

, .

179

vitiensis

.. 71

amygdala

. .

200

Astyris lata

.. 232

arcularia

178

Astur approximaus

.. 45

Chinense

. .

234

cruentus

.. 79

coronatum

. .

177

etorques

.. 378

crenulatum .

180

Mulleri

.. 387

dolium

, .

235

rufitorques

69, 79

gemmulatum .

. .

178

Athene streuua

.. 38S

(irrmeri

. .

181

Atherina lacunosa

.. 340

maculatum .

. .

253

piuguis

.. 340

marginulatum

179

Aulica pulchra

.. 205

pictum

180

rutila

. . 206

senticosum .

176

Sophia

. . 205

suturale
Thersites

*•

180
179

Bade raottah

.. 348

vibex . .

181

234

Bagrus biliueatus

.. 348

Bulimus Beddomei

. .

127

carchariorhynchus

.. 348

Macfarlandi

4

ueturna

.. 348

Macleayi

108

, 126

rhodouotus

.. 348

Pacificus

. .

127

thallassinus

.. 348

Tuckeri..

. .

127

Balistes aculeatus

.. 355

Walli . .

, ,

127

biaculeatus

. . 354

Bulla rapa

. .

201

Batocera Wallacei

39, 40, 303

terebellum

. ,

294

Bathilda ruficauda

54

Bursa anceps

175

Batrachus Diemeusis

.. 335

bitubercularis

. .

175

dubius

. . 335

gyrina

175

Dussuinieri . .

.. 335

pulchella . .

176

indicus

. . 279

pusilla

. .

175

Baza cristata

.. 388

rana

. .

175

stenozoa

.. 387

Butoroides flavicollis

. ,

192

subcrista

. . 388

Javanica

62,

192,

395

Belideus ariel

.. 395

macrorhynchf

k

129

Belone annulata

.. 349

brachyrhyucus

.. 349

Cabestana labiosurn

173

cylindrica

. . 349

Cacatua galerita . .

.'57,

383,

394

medica

. . 349

gymnops

383

melanurus

. . 349

sanguinea

.' 50,

383,

384

melauotus . .

. . 348

Cadus casis

235

Bembicium melanostoniurrj

. . 245

Calliomorus chacca

268

nanum

. . 243

indicus

268

IM)K.\.

IX.

Callionyinus indicns

PAGE.

. 278

Carpophaga spilorrhoa .

PAGE.

. . 394

Callithea oblescus

. 214

Vitiensis

76

Caloruis Cantori . .

. 393

Casarca tadoruoides

195, 219

cantoroides

. 393

Cassidea comuta . .

. . 234

nietallica

. 54

vibex . .

. . 234

Calyptorhyncusnmcrorhynchus

58, 383

Cassis cornuta

.. 234

Campephaga huineralis . . 3

80, 392

cornutus . .

.. 234

Jardiuii . . 3

83, 392

labiata

.. 234

Kara

. 48

pila

. . 234

maculosa . .

. 72

Thomsoni . .

8

Cancellaria Australis

. 311

vibex

. . 234

bicolor

. 311

Casmaria Thomsoni

8

lamellosa . .

. 311

vibex . .

. . 234

macrospira . .

. 311

Casuarinus Australis

.. 186

obliquata

. 311

Catinus planulatus

. . 239

Cancilla circulata

. 208

Centropus macrourus .

.. 57

duplilirata

. 208

melanurus

383, 394

filaris

. 208

Ceratodus Fosteri

2

hebes

. 209

Cereopsis Novre-Hollandi,

b . . 194

interlirata

. 209

Cerithidea Charbonnieri

. . 320

pura

. 209

Kieneri

.. 321

Canerium dentatus

. 293

Layardi

. . 321

elegans

. 293

Cerithium abbreviatum.

. . 316

luhuanus

. 293

balteatum

.. 314

Caprimulgus macrus

. 46

bicanaliferum

.. 317

Carangoides citula

. 323

Charbonnieri

.. 320

Caranx armatus . .

. 323

columna

.. 314

bellaDgeri

. 324

eximium

.. 315

bucculentus

. 326

fasciatum

. . 318

Cheverti

. 324

fuscatum

.. 316

ciliaris

. 323

fusiforme

. . 315

cirrhosus

. 323

gracile

. . 316

citula

. 323

granosum

.. 315

defensor

. 323

Kinnerii

.. 321

edentulus

. 327

Layardi

.. 321

fallax

. 324

leminscatum. .

.. 314

Fosteri

. 324

line at um

.. 319

georgianus

. 327

nodulosa

.. 313

hippos

. 323

nodulosum .

.. 313

laticaudis

. 325

Novaa-Holland]

33 ..314

lepturus

. 326

minimum

.. 317

Lessoni

. 324

mitrffiformis . .

315, 316

Papuensis

. 325

moniliferum .

.. 314

petaurista

. 327

morus

. . 315

p'atessa ..

. 327

pulchrum

.. 318

Euppellii

. 327

recurvum

.. 319

sexfasciatus

. 324

rhodostoma .. .

.. 316

Cardium Beechei

. 306

rostratum

.. 316

Carpophaga latrans

. 76

rubus

.. 316

microcera . .

. 72

salebrosum . .

.. 315

Mulleri

. 394

sulcatum

.. 319

pacifica

.• 79

telescopium . .

. . 320

pinon

. 394

turritum

. . 316

X.

INDEX.

Ceritbium unicarinatum
variegatum . .
vertagus
violaceum
Cethosia obscura
Cbaerops cephalotes
cyanodon
notatus
Cbalcites basalis

roiuutillus
Cbalcopsitta cloropterus
rubifrons . .
scintilla . .
Cbalcopbaps chrysoclora
longirostris
Cbaropa nupera
Cbaradrius falvus

belvetica
lougipes
orieutalis
Cbeilolabrus maguilabris
Cbenopis atratus
Cbelycomis ciuctus
circffi
consul

Desbayesi . .
magus

spectrum . .
stratus
Cbibia bracteata
Cbicoreus adustus
axicornis
corrugatus . .
cervicornis . .
ramosus
Cbirocentrus dorab

bypselosoma
Cblamydodera cerviniventris

nucbalis
Cblamydocben jubata . .
Cbcetodon f alcatus

longimanus . .
punctatus
vorticosus . .
Cborinemus lysan
toloo
Cbrysame fraga

rotundilirata. .
tabanula
Cbrysama Febciffl
Gouldii

luteovirens . .
victor

58,

PAGE.

320
314

318
319
301
344
344
344
383
383
393
393
393
183
183
18
76
. . 1ST
76, 218
.. 60
.. 345
. . 194
. . 290
. . 290
. . 290
. . 289
. . 290
. . 289
. . 290
50
. . 170
.. 171
.. 171
.. 171
.. 170
.. 351
.. 351
. . 393
. . 382
194, 216
.. 277
.. 277
. . 277
.. 277
. . 328
. . 328
.. 210
. . 209
.. 209
.. 74
.. 74
.. 74
:, 75

Cbrysama viridis

PACK.

.. 75

Cicindella ancboralis

. . 166

arancipes

. . 165

longipes

.. 166

Maino

.. 165

psammodromus

.. 166

Kamesia

.. 166

tenuipes

.. 166

Cinclus interpres

.. 189

Cinnyris frennata

.. 390

Circus assimilis

.. 77

Gouldii

.. 79

Cisticola isura

.. 380

lineocapilla

.. 53

Citula armata

. . 323

ciliaria

. . 323

plumbea

. . 323

Cladorbyncbus pectoralis 188

217, 219

Clathurella amabilis

.. 154

arctata

.. 155

argillacea . .

.. 156

Barnardi . .

. . 157

crassilabrum

. . 156

dasdala

.. 155

Damleyensis

.. 154

debilis

.. 155

donata

.. 155

Fusoides

.. 155

languida

.. 154

Macleayi

.. 157

pyramidula

.. 156

quisqualis . .

.. 157

Eamsayi

.. 157

rava

.. 156

spurca

.. 156

tincta

.. 155

tricolor

.. 158

Cleis posticalis

.. 305

Climacteris melanotus . .

. .' 382

Clupea delicatula

.. 350

dentex

.. 351

dorab

.. 351

gibbosa

.. 350

macassariensis . .

.. 350

tembang

.. 350

Clupeoides macassariensis

.. 351

Clava rubus

.. 316

Clavatula amabilis

.. 154

argillacea

.. 156

debilis

.. 155

donata

.. 155

nitens

.. 154

quisqualis

.. 157

INDEX.

XI.

•

Clavatula rava

PAGE.

. . 156

Conus cinctus

PAGE.

. 290

Sinensis

. 152

circe

. 290

spurca..

156

ccelebs

. 291

Colocalia spadiopygia . .

70

consul

. 290

Collocalia Vanicorensis . .

. 79

Deshayesi

. 289

Columbella abyssicola . .

232

emaciatus

. 288

clatnrata

229

figulinus

. 288

contaminata

228

flavidus

. 288

dercnestoides

231

glans

. 292

Digglesi

228

magus

. 290

Essingtonensis

229

marrnoreus

. 287

fulgurans

226

musicus

. 287

Gowllandi . .

229

nanus

. 287

inscripta

230

neglectus . .

. 288

intertexta . .

227

nussatellata

. 291

intexta

227

Peasei

. 288

lata

332

pra?cellens

. 289

lentiginosa . .

228

spectrum

. 289

lineolata

231

striatus

. 290

Maria;

230

suturatus

. 287

mendicaria . .

233

Sophia

7

merita

231

tenuistriatus

. 291

nivosa

227

terebellum

. 291

pudica

231

terebra

. 291

pumila

228

textile

. 291

punctata

226

Coralliophila squamulosus

. 201

regulus

228

Corasia Wisemani

3

scripta

226, 227

Coronaxis musicus

. 287

versicolor

226, 227

nanus

. 287

Collurieincla brunnea . .

380, 391

Corvus australis

. 54

parvula

.. 50

orrii

. 392

superciliosa

.. 50

Costellaria amanda

. 213

Conokelix conicus

. . 214

arenosa

. 212

Conoelix marmoratus . .

.. 214

armillata

. 213

Conger altipirmis

.. 351

delicata

. 214

cinercus

.. 351

longispira

. 214

marginatus

. . 351

lubens

. 213

noordzicki

.. 351

Michaui

. 213

Conophila rufigularis . .

.. 55

Coturnix pectoralis

. 185

Conulus Barnardensis . .

102, 120

Cottus Madagascariensis

. 279

Darnleyensis . .

.. 102

spatula

. 278

Elleryi ..

.. 120

Cracticus Quoyi

. 48

Grenvillei

104, 121

Crocodilus Johnstoni

12

Maino

101, 120

Cronia amygdala

. 200

Nepeanensis

102, 121

Craspedophora magnifica

. 57

pampini

.. 121

Crassispira alabaster

. 154

Porti

104, 121

Crayracion manillensis . .

. 357

Keedei

101, 120

Cuculus castaneiventris . .

. 74

Starkei

103, 121

infuscatus

. 74

turriculata

.. 119

insperatus

. 394

Conus aculeifornis

. . 289

pallidus

. 383

amaria

.. 291

simus

. 74

capitaneus

•

289

Cupido Cleotas . .

. 305

Xll.

INDEX.

pac;e.

•

I- AGE.

discus chrysorrhous

.. 395

Cythara Marginelloides . .

, .

161

Cyanalcyon Macleayi

.. 47

pellucida

. .

160

Cyclophorus Beddomei . .

113, 129

ponderosa

. ,

159

Whitei . .

113, 129

pessulata

. ,

159

Cyclopsitta suavissinius . .

387, 393

vittata

. .

161

Cylinder omaria

. . 291

textile

. . 291

Daeelo cervina

47

, 182

Cylindra crenulata

. . 214

gaudichaudi

. .

389

Cylindrus tigriuus

. . 202

gigas

. .

182

Cymatrum lotorium

. . 173

intermedins

, .

389

Cynibiura Diadema

. , 201

Leachi . . 182,

379

,389

Georgina

. . 203

macrorhynchus . .

. .

390

umbilicatuui . .

. . 203

Dactylus coeruleus

. .

202

Cygnus atratus . . 19-1

216, 219

porphyriticus . .

202

Cynthia Arsinoe . .

.. 304

tigriuus

. .

202

Cyprasa annulus . .

. . 296

viridescens

. ,

201

Arabica

. . 296

Dauais Erippus

. ,

305

asillus

44, 295

Daphnella marmorata . .

. .

159

Caurica

.. 298

ornata

158

cylindrica

. . 223

pluricarinata

. .

159

errones

7, 297

tubula

. ,

158

erosa

. . 297

Datnia caudovittata

. .

270

fimbriata

. . 295

Deddi-jella

. .

348

globosa

.. 299

Demiegretta Grayi

, .

61

grando

. . 298

jugularis . . -

. .

61

interstincta

.. 299

Dendrocygna Eytoni

195

386

isabella

. . 295

guttulata . .

395

limacena

44, 299

vagans 77, 195,

217

, 386

lynx

.. 296

Dendrophis calligastra . .

. .

15

miliaris

44, 297

gracilis

. .

15

olivacea

. . 297

punctulata . .

, .

15

oryza

.. 298

Dentex furcosus

. .

271

ovum

. . 297

Dermatocera vitrea

. .

129

pellucidula

.. 299

Diacope immaculata

. .

266

producta

. . 299

Sebffi

. .

265

quadrimaculata . .

. . 295

Siamensis

. .

265

Hop bias

7, 297

Waigiensis

. .

266

subflava

. . 297

Diadema Alimena

. .

304

staphylaea

4, 300

Misippus

304

sulcata

.. 299

Diagramma crassilabre . .

, .

271

tigris

.. 296

Dibolomycter longicauda

. •

356

vitellus

.. 296

Dicasum hirundinaceum

56

vitrea

.. 298

Dicrurus carbonarius

. .

392

Walkeri

44, 297

Diomedea melanophrys . .

. .

64

Cypselus terras reginsa . .

.. 46

Diplommatina Gowlandii

130

Cythara abyssicola

.. 160

Discus Lomonti

101

119

angulata

. . 160

Distoma contortum

. .

13

balteata

.. 170

Distorsio decipiens

• .

176

bicolor

. . 161

Ditropis Beddomei

113,

129

capillacea

.. 159

Whitei ..

• .

129

cylindrica

. . 159

Dolium Aust. seu, Chinense

. .

234

Goodalli

.. 160

Chinense

. ,

234

maculata

.. 160

nmbriatum . .

,

235

INDEX,

X1U.

PAGE.

PAGE.

Dolium variegatuni

. . 234

Epeira mangareva

.. 144

Domicella cardinalis

67, 393

maritima

. . 145

fuscatus

.. 393

Mastersi

.. 146

solitarius

.. 74

producta

.. 144

Donacola castaneothorax

.. 54

pthisica . .

. . 146

nigriceps

. . 392

strangnlata

.. 146

Dorcasia aridorum

. . 123

trigona

.. 144

Blackalli

1

Epbippus punctatus longimanus 277

Duukiensis

. . 122

Epidromus Angasi

.. 174

Drepane longiinana

.. 277

Bednalli

6

punctata

.. 277

Epidromus Brazieri

..6,174

Drillia alabaster

.. 154

Coxii..

..6,174

Mastersi

. . •

. . 153

Epizoa

.. 12

nitens

. • .

.. 154

Epthianura aurifrons . .

.. 381

putilla

• •

.. 152

crocea

. . 380

radula

. • •

.. 153

Erato angyrostoma

.. 226

Sinensis

• • •

. . 152

gallinacea

. . 226

Spaldingi

• .

.. 153

Erismatura Australis

196, 220

Tayloriana

.. 152

Erythra quadristrigata . .

. . 194

varicosa . .

. . 152

Erythranchaena kuuieralis

.. 59

Promaius irroratus

.. 186

Erythrogonys cinctus

.. 188

Novae Hollandiffi

.. 186

Esacus niagnirostris

59,. 187

Drusilla catops . .

.. 304

Esox chirocentrus

. . 351

Dryniodes superciliaris . .

.. 52

espadon

.. 349

Dysporus sula?

.. 80

marginatus

.. 349

Estrilda Bichenovii

.. 382

Ebasa prajcincta

.. 147

ruficauda

.. 382

Echidna variegata

. . 352

Endromias Australis

.. 187

Echineis albicauda

. . 322

veredus

.. 187

Australis

.. 322

Eulabeornis castaneiventris

.. 193

fusca

.. 322

Eulima acicula

.. 284

naucrates

.. 321

acuta

.. 284

remora

.. 321

amabilis

.. 285

vittata

.. 322

bilineata

.. 285

Eclectus polychlorus

. . 393

brevis

.. 284

Eione nana

.. 180

cuspidata

.. 283

Eleotris elongata. .

.. 334

grandis

.. 283

lineata

.. 334

lactea

.. 284

Endynamys Tatiensis . .

.. 79

Martini

.. 283

Engina lauta

. . 233

modicilla

.. 284

lineata

. . 233

nitens

. . 285

Eutomophila albogularis

. . 383

polygyra

. . 284

rufigularis

. . 383

tortuosa

.. 285

Entozoa

12

vitrea

. . 283

Eopsaltiia brunnea

. . 391

Enmecostylus Macfarlaudi

4

leucura

52, 380

Eupleura pulchella

.. 176

Eos fuscatus

.. 387

Eupodotus Australis

186, 219

torrida

.. 387

Eurostopodus guttatus . .

.. 46

Epeira biapicata . .

.. 144

Eurystomus crassiotris . .

. . 389

caudaba

.. 147

pacificus . .

37, 389

cylindroides

.. 145

Exocoelus nigripinnis . .

.. 350

fuscipes

.. 149

Macleayi

.

.. 145

Falcinellus igneus

. . 190

XIV.

INDEX

193, 218,

Fierasfer Homei
Fregetta rnelanogaster . .
Fulica Australis 193, 218,
Fulmarus cserulens

Macgillivrayi . .

Galaxias aridorum
Galeola tigrina
Gallinago Australis
Gallinula ruficrissa
tenebrosa
Gallinula Campbelli
canarium
columba
ruficrissa
variabilis
vittatus
Gambetta pulveruleutus
Gasteracantba crucigera

flavomaculata
minax
sacerdotalis
suminata
variegata . .
Gasterosteus volitans . .
Gastrophysus alboplunibeus

rnicropbtbalinu
Gastrotokeus biaculeatus
Genyoroge sebae

unicolor
Geobasileus chrysorrhous
reguloides . .
Geopelia cuneata

humeralis 184,

longirostris
placida. .
tranquilla
Geophaps scripta
Smitbii
Geotrochus Brazierae . .
Brenchleyi . .
Fergusoni . .
Macgillivrayi
yulensis
Siculus
Strabo
zeno
Geopsittacus occidentalis
Geronticus spinicollis . .
Gerreomorpha rostrata . .
Gerres abbreviatus
bispiuosus
carinatus

PAGE.

. . 347
.. 64
219, 386
.. 78

.. 78

61,

184,
384,

184, 384,

107,

105,
106,
106,
107,

190.

123
202
190
193
219
292
292
292
395
292
293
384
138
138
138
138
138
138
278
358
358
354
265
266
361
361
384
394
394
394
184
183
183
126
3
4
125
125
126
126
126
196
385
274
272
273
273

PAGE.

Gerres Cbeverti 272

longicaudis . . . . 272

Gerrosoma Papense . . . . 223

Gerygone albogularis . . . . 362

personata . . . . 51

simplex . . . . 52

Gibberula pisurn . . . . 225

Glareola grallaria . . . . 188

orientalis . . . . 188

Glossopsitta amabilis . . . . 30

Australis . . . . 32

Glottis glottoides . . 61, 219, 384

Glyciphila subfasciata . . . . 55

Glypbidodon Bankieri . . . . 343

Gobiodon ceramensis . . . . 333

verticalis . . . . 333

Gobius criniger . . . . . . 330

Darnleyeusis . . . . 331

uigripinuis . . . . 332

ornatus . . . . . . 331

Goura D'Albertisi . . 387, 394

coronata . . . . . • 387

Gracula Dumonti . . . . 392

Gramrnistes servus . . . . 270

Grauculus bypoleucus . . 48, 380

melanops . . 48, 380

Grus Australasianus 190, 219, 385

Guara terebra . . . . • . 323

Guthuruium encausticum . . 174

gracile . . . . 173

sacrostoma . . 173

Gygis Candida . . . ■ • • 78

Gyrunocorus senex . . . • 392

Gymnotborax Agassizi . . 352

cancellatus . . 352

ecbidna . . • • 352

isingleenoides . . 353

melanospilos . . 353

nebulosus . . 352

pseudotbyrsoidea 353

Hadra Bayensis . . • • 2

bipartita .. .. •• 124

Cookensis ; . . 17, 125

Fosteriana . . • • 125

Hamrf 97

Palmensis . . 105, 124

rufofasciata . . • • 17

semicastanea . . • • 124

Tbomsoni . . • • 97

Haematopus fuliginosus 60, 187, 385

longirostris 60, 187

niger . . • • 384

INDEX,

XV.

Haematopus opthalinicus
Halcyon Macleayi

pyrrhophygia . .
sanctus
Haliaetus leucogaster 196, 3

sphenurus
Haliastur leucostomus . .
Halmaturus Brownii

crassipes . .
Harpalus Papuensis
Hastula marmorata
spectabilis
Hebra Gruneri

vibex
Helicarion Brazieri
Helicina Coxeni
fumigata
Gouldiana
Macleayi
Maino
reticulata
Sophiae
Yorkensis
Helix aculeata
annulus
aridorum
avidoruin
Baruardensis
Bayensis
Beddomei
bipartita
Blackalli
Brazierae
Brenchleyi :

brevipila
capillacea
Cassandra..
Cookensis
Coxeni
crotali

cyclostomata
D'Albertisi
Darnleyensis
Delessertiana
Dunkiensis
Elleryi

Endeavourensis . .
Forsteriana
Franklandiensis . .
( iayndabensis
Grenvillei
Hanni
lietaera

PAGR.

PAGE.

. . 385

Helix Hobsoni . .

. ,

99, 122

.. 390

irnpexa

, .

.. 118

.. 380

Incei

, #

. . 3, 97

380, 390

•Tame si

99, 122

379, 387

Jannellii . .

. . 125

. . 387

Kreffti

.. 118

.. 45

Langleyana

. ,

.. 18

. . 307

Lombei

.. 107

162, 395

Lomonti . .

101, 119

.. 168

Macgillivrayi

. .

.. 125

.. 254

Maino

101, 120

.. 254

Merziana . .

.. 101

.. 181

Milligani . .

, ,

.. 18

.. 181

Nepeanensis

. .

102, 120

. . 129

nupera

, .

.. 18

111, 131

pachystyloides

.. 126

.. 131

Palmensis . .

. . 105

. . 131

perspectiva

, .

.. 104

112, 131

Porti

104, 121

112, 131

Reedyi

101, 120

.. 132

rufofasciata

t

.. 17

4

Russellii . .

# ,

103, 120

. . 131

rustica

.. 117

.. 104

Sappho

100, 119

100, 119

scabra

. . 363

. . 123

semibadia . .

.. 124

. . 123

semicastanea

..

124, 126

102, 120

Siculus

.. 106

2

Spaldingii . .

# m

103, 121

98, 121

Starkei

103, 121

. . 124

Strabo

.. 106

1

Strangei . .

, m

. . 122

.. 107

strangulata

, #

.. 123

3

Swainsonii

.. 101

2

Tomsoni . .

.. 97

.. 99

Tuckeri

.. 123

.. 17

turriculata .

, ,

.. 119

17, 125

villaris

.. 118

2

Yorkensis . .

.. 118

.. 118

Yulei

.. 97

.. 124

Yulensis . .

.. 105

104, 123

Zeno

.. 107

. . 102

Hemiramphus brevirostris

. . 349

.. 123

commersonii

.. 349

. . 122

far

. t

. . 350

.. 120

lntkei

. ,

.. 349

. . 123

rnarginatus

.. 349

.. 125

Quo.yi

. .

. . 350

99, 122

Heptadactylus larnbis

. . 294

2

radix-bryonia

. . 294

104, 121

Heptadecanthus longicaudis

. . 343

.. 97

Hermes nussatellata

. .

. . 291

. . 125

tenuistriatua

. ,

. . 291

XVI.

INDEX.

PAGE.

PAGE.

Hermes terebellum

, ,

291

Lebia Papuensis

t ,

167

Herodias alba

. .

191

Leiopoa ocellata

# fc

184

asha

191

, 386

Leiostraca bivittata

, #

285

egrettoides

. .

191

Lepidurus viridis

. ,

32

garzetta .

191

, 386

Leptoconus aculeiformis

. ,

289

immaculata

395

prsecellens . .

, .

289

rnelanopus

191

Leptopoma vitreum

. ,

129

picata

152

, 386

Leptotarsis Eytoni

195

,217

sacra

. .

192

Lernea ...

, B

13

Hiaticula inornata

, .

136

Lethrinus Banhamensis

. m

276

Hieracidea orientalis

. ,

379

chrysostomus

m m

276

Hieracoglaux conniveus. .

45

,379

laticaudis

t ,

276

Hima derrnestina

, .

181

nematacanthus

. ,

275

mirostoma..

. .

181

Papuensis

, .

276

unifasciata

. .

181

Leucazonia picta. .

. .

203

Hirnantopus leucocephalus

188,

217,

Leucomelaana Norfolciensis

58

182

384

Leucosarcia picata

. .

183

Hindsia suturalis

177

Leucospiza Novas Hollandiae

, .

45

Hippocampus Novae-Hollandia?

354

Limosa melanuroides . .

. .

189

Hiruudo freteusis

. .

388

uropygialis . . 60

,76

189

frontalis

. .

389

Lithoconus emaciatus . .

288

Tahitica .

. .

77

flavidus

. .

288

Holocantkus pilosus

. ,

356

Peasei

. .

288

Holocentrus servus

. .

270

suturatus . .

, .

287

sexstriatus. .

. .

277

Littorina Australis

, .

243

Homalogrystes Guntheri

. .

269

intermedia

. ,

262

Hydrochelidon leucopareia

, .

386

malaccana

. .

363

panayensis

melanacme

363

Hylochelidon nigricans 37,

379,

389

nebulosa

363

Hypotasnidia Phillippensis

77

218

picta

362

Hypsiprymnodon moschatus

33

scabra

363

undulata

. .

363

Ibis falcinellus

. .

385

Lobivanellus lobatus

187

,217

ingens

. .

190

miles

384

strictipennis

190

personatus

187

Ichtbyocampus maeulatus

353

Lopholaimus antarticus . .

58

,183

Imbricaria conica

. .

214

plagosus . .

. .

362

Ino corrvtgatus

. .

319

Lophopbaps ferruginea . .

183

Ispidula cceruleus

• •

202

leucogaster

>6

erythrostoma . .

202

plumiera . .
Lorius aruensis

Junonia vellida

*•

304

chlorocercus
Heteroclitus

Lalage nigrogulari*

. .

77

Lunatia Reynoldiana . .

orientalis

11

Strangei

terat

, ,

72

variabilis

2.

Lampas bituberculatus . .

. .

175

Laniprococcvx minutillus

. .

57

Machaerirhyncbus flaviventer

51

Lamprolia Klinesmithii . .

..68, 77

Macropygia Phasaniella . .

184

Victoria

..68,77

Malacorhynchus membranaceous

Larus Jamesonii

. .

196

105, 216,

219,

386

Lates nobilis

. .

263

Malurus arnabilis

52,

380

Lrevicardium Beechii

306

cruentatus

53,

380

INDEX.

XV11.

PAGE.

PAGE.

Malurus hypoleucus

52, 380

Mesoprion Waigiensis .

. 266

Lamberti

.. 53

Messaras Lampetia

. 304

Mamma deiodosa

.. 239

Meta decorata

. 148

Flemingiana . .

.. 239

granulata . .

. 148

pyriformis

.. 239

striatipes . .

. 148

Mangelia abyssicola

.. 160

Micrceca assimilis

51

angulata

.. 160

fascinans

. 380

balteata

.. 160

flavigaster

51

bicolor

.. 161

Microglossum aterrimuu

i

58, 394

capillacea

.. 159

Milvus affinis

. 387

contracta

.. 161

Mimeta affinis

. 54

cylindrica

.. 159

navocincta

. 54

gracilenta

.. 161

Miscellus Javanus

. 168

Goodalli

.. 160

morioformis .

. 168

bexagonalis

. . 162

imicolor

. 168

maculata

. . 160

Mitra adusta

. 207

ruarginelloides

... 161

Antonelli . .

. 212

pellucida

.. 160

arenosa

. 212

pessulata

.. 159

armillata . .

. 213

ponderosa

. . 159

aurantia

. 212

undaticosta

.. 161

aurantiacea

. 212

vittata

.. 161

circulata

. 208

Manucodia Gouldi

5)

conica

. 214

Mai garitif era Margaritifera

.. 174

corrugata . .

. 210

Marginella Candida

. . 225

costellario . .

. 210

fusiformis

. . 225

crenifera . .

. 208

guttula

.. 224

crenulata . .

. 214

lavigata

.. 225

curvilirata . .

. 211

pisum

.. 225

cylindracea

. 207

Mastacembelus choram. .

. . 349

delicata

. 214

crocodilus

. . 349

dichroa

. 210

Megaloprepia assimilis . .

58, 18-2

duplilirata . .

. 208

magnifica . .

.. 182

episcopalis

. 207

Megapodius assimilis

.. 59

filosa

. 208

Cuvieri

.. 394

formosa

. 212

Duperryi . .

.. 394

fraga

. 210

tumulus . . 5£

1, 184, 394

f ragra

. 210

Melanitis amabilis

. . 304

gi'anatina . .

. 208

Melanodryas picata

.. 380

hastata

. 212

Melidora Goldiei. .

.. 389

hebes

. 209

macrorhyncha

.. 390

interlirata . .

. 209

Melithreptus albogulaiis 5

3. 383,391

Jukesii

. 211

Melo diadem a

.. 204

longispina. .

. 214

GeorginsB

. . 203

lubens

. 213

mucronatus

.. 203

lugubris

. 207

umbilicatus. .

. . 204

Michaui . .

. 213

Menura Alberti

.. 182

Micbaudi . .

. 213

superba

.. 182

oblescus

. 214

Victorias

. . 182

perigra

. 210

Merops oruatus . . 37, 4

f, 379, 389

Peroni

. 212

Merula ruficeps

..43,73

plicaria

. 211

Mesocalius osculans

.. 57

plicata

. 210

Mesoprion SebaB

.. 265

pura

. 209

XV111.

INDEX.

Mitra rigida

rotundilirata
saturata
tabanula . .
toeniata
vulpecula . .
Mitrella contaminata

Essingtonensis
iritexta . .
Monarcha albiventris
carinata
trivirgata
Monocanthus Cheverti
Monodactylus Lamarcki
Mugil axillaris . .
delicatus . .
Mullus fasciatus . .
Mursena Agassizi
bullata . .
cancellata
firabriata
isingleeni
isingleenoides
melanospila
nebulosa
nubila . .
ophis
pseudothyroidea
totacinerea
undulata
Valenciennii
Murex adustus . .
axicornis . .
breviculus
brevispina
cervicoruis
coucatenatus
confusa . .
corrugatus
exiguus . .
eximius . .
gyrinus . .
hippocastanum
inflatus . .
labiosus . .
mancinella
molluccanus
mundus . .
nodulosus
pellucidus
pileare
ramosus . .
rana

PACK.

213
209
207
209
211
211
228
227
227

51
391

51
355
292
341
341
267
352
352
353
353
353
353
353
352
352
352
332
351
352
352
170
171
171
169
171
200
172
171
172
170
175
200
170
173
199
319
172
313
171
173
170
175

PAGE.

Murex rectirostris

.. 170

scalaris

.. 172

serratus

.. 316

sulcatus

.. 319

tenuispina

.. 169

tetragonus

.. 171

trigonularis

.. 171

tuberosus

.. 312

vertagus

.. 318

Muricidia mundus

. . 172

scalaris

.. 172

Muscylva LessoDi

.. 72

Myiagra azureocapilla . .

.. 77

latirostris

51, 380

plumbea

51, 380

rufiventris

.. 71

Myiolestes Henleyi

.. 77

rnacrorhyncha

.. 77

vitiensis

.. 72

Myrafra Horsiieldii

.. 382

Myristicivora spilorbea . . 3 r i

\ 58, 182

Myurella cancellata

.. 255

ccelata

.. 255

columellaris

.. 255

undulata

.. 255

violascens

. . 255

Myzoniela erythrocephala

55

jugularis

.. 70

nigriventris . .

.. 77

obscura

.. 56

pectoralis

55

Napaeus pacificus

.. 127

Nasiterna pusio

67, 353

Naseus annulatus

.. 340

unicornis

.. 339

Nassa albescens

.. 179

arcularia

.. 178

callosa

.. 179

clathrata

.. 178

coronata

.. 177

crenulata

.. 180

delicata

.. 178

densigranata

. . 179

dermestina

.. 181

dispar

.. 178

gemmulata

.. 178

geinmulatum

.. 178

grapbiptera

.. 178

Gruneri

.. 181

lachrymosa

.. 178

luctuosa

.. 181

lurida

.. 178

INDEX.

XIX.

Nassa rnarginulata

PAGE.

.. 179

PAGE.

Numenius minor. . . . 61, 190, 385

mirostoma

.. 181

uropygialis 61, 190, 385, 394

nana

.. 180

Nyctalemon Acbillaria . .

. 305

picta

.. 180

Nycticorax Caledonicus . . (

31, 192

ravida

.. 179

Nyroca Australis 195, 216, 219, 386

rutilans

.. 180

semiplicata

.. 180

Obeliscus aclis

. 257

suturalis

.. 180

pulcbellus

. 257

Thersites

.. 179

terebelloides . .

. 256

unifasciata

.. 181

tessellatus

. 257

vibex

.. 181

Oceanites oceanica

. 64

Nassaria suturalis

.. 177

Ocinebra confusa

. 172

Natica albumen

.. 238

tetragonus

. 171

areolata

.. 236

Ocbtbodromus bicinctus

. 60

Chinensis..

. . 236

inornatus

. 60

Colliei

.. 236

Ocbtbepbila D'Albertisi . . 1(

)4, 123

deiodosa

.. 239

Odostomia affinis

. 259

Flemingiana

.. 239

clara

. 259

globosa

. . 235

compta

. 260

belvacea

.. 235

parvula

. 260

lineata

. . 235

polita

. 260

Maheense

.. 235

Odontonectes erytbrogaster

. 269

Marocbiensis

.. 236

OEdicnemus grallarius . .

59

maura

.. 238

Oligorus Macquariensis . .

. 269

melanostoma

.. 238

Olistus Malabaricus

. 323

melanostomoides

.. 238

Ruppelii

. 323

Piteveriana

.. 238

Oliva caldania

. 203

pyriformis v . .

.. 239

casrulea

. 202

Raynaudiana

.. 237

episcopalis

. 202

Raynoldiana

.. 237

erytbrostoma

. 202

Strangei

.. 237

porpbyritica

. 202

variabilis

.. 237

sanguinolenta

. 201

Nebularia adusta

.. 207

tessellata

. 202

suturata

. . 207

tigrina

. 202

Nectarinia Australis

56, 390

viridescens .

. 201

Nepbila fuscipes

.. 149

Olivella Caldania .

. 203

imperatrix

.. 149

Olivina Caldania. .

. 203

nigritarsis

.. 149

Onycboprion fuliginosa . .

. 63

procera

.. 150

Opeas Tuckeri

. 127

venosa

.. 149

Opistbognatbus maculatus

. 280

Nerita marochana

.. 236

Oriolus striatus

. 391

melanostoma

.. 238

Ornitboptera Cassandra. .

12

Nettapus albipennis

194, 217

Priamus . .

. 304

pulcbellus

194, 386

Urvilliana . .

. 304

Netuma nasuta

.. 348

Ortbogoriscus Mola

13

Neverita albumen

.. 238

Ortygometra quadristrigata

. 80

Peteveriana

.. 238

tabuensis . .

. 76

Niotbia albescens

.. 179

Ostracion bituberculatus

. 356

densigranata

... 179

cubicus

. 355

gemmulata

.. 178

cyanurus

. 356

rnarginulata

.. 179

immaculatus . .

. 356

ravida

.. 179

maculatus

. 356

Numenius cyanopus

190, 385

tetragonus

. 356

XX.

INDEX.

Ostracion tuberculatus . .

T.4GE.

. . 356

Ovula costellata

. . 300

ovif ormis

.. 300

volva

. . 301

Ovulum angulosum

.. 300

breve ...

.. 301

gallinaceum

.. 226

ovum

.. 300

punctatum

.. 300

striatulum

.. 300

volva

. . 301

Oxybeles Brandesii

.. 347

Homei . .

.. 347

Oxypbaps lopbotes

.. 184

Pachycepbala citreogaster

.. 66

falcata

.. 380

glaucura . .

.. 49

Grceffei . .

72, 77

gutturalis

.. 49

Kandavensis

65

macrorbyncba

.. 77

melanura . .

48, 380

optata

.. 72

robusta . .

.. 49

rufiveutris

. . 380

simplex . .

.. 391

torquata . .

.. 77

vitiensis . .

.. 72

Pacbymetopon grande . .

..'J275

squamosum

. . 275

Pcecilopbis variegata

. . 352

Pandion leucocepbalus . .

. . 379

Papilio Agamemnon

.. 304

Ambrax

. . 304

Ormenus

. . 304

Polydorus

. . 304

Sarpedon

.. 304

Ulysses

12, 304

Pagrus unicolor

. . 307

Paradisea raggiana

387, 393

Pardacbirus pavoninus . .

.. 347

Pardalotus rubricatus . .

.. 380

Patula Spaldingi. .

103, 121

Pedionomus torquatus . .

.. 185

Pelicanus conspicillatus

196, 386

Peltella Australia

.. 129

Pentapus Paradiseus

.. 272

Perameles Cockerellii . .

310, 378

Novas Guinea?

.. 395

Periopbtbalmus Australis

.. 334

Koeireuteri

.. 334

Peristernia Australiensis

. . 203

PAGE.

Petrogale assimilis . . . . 360

penicillata . . . . 361

Petroica pusilla . . . . . . 71

Petropbassa albipennis . . . . 184

Pezoporus formosus . . . . 196

Pbaston fcthereus . . . . 80

rubicaudus . . . . 80

Pbaps chalcoptera . . . . 183

elegans . . . . . . 183

histrionica . . . . 183

Phasinella nebulosa . . . . 263

Pberopsopbus Australis. . .. 166

Papuensis . . 166

verticalis.. .. 166

Pbilemon citreogularis . . . . 383

Novae Guineae . . 391

Pblegaenus starei . . 77, 78

Pblseodromius piceus . . . . 167

plagiatus . . 167

Pbos roseatus . . . . . . 176

rufocinetus . . .. .. 179

scalaroides . . . . . . 176

senticosus . . . . . • 176

spinicostatus . . . . 176

Pbysogaster oblongus . . . . 357

Piezorbyncbus nitidus . . 50, 391

Pirenella Layardi . . . • 321

Pitta simillima . . . . . • 54

strepitans .. .. ... 54

Planaria . . . • • • 35

Planaxis decollatus . . . . 364

sulcata . . . . 364

sulcatus . . • • 364

zonata . . . . . . 364

Planorbis meridionalis . . . . 20

Platalea flavipes 190

melanorbyncba . . 385

regia .. •• •• 190

Platax teira . . . . • • 330

Platycepbalus endracbtensis . . 279

insidiator . . 278

isacantbus . . 279

Platycercus bisginus . . . . 77

personatus . . . . 73

splendens . . . . 73

tabuensis . . . . 77

laviuniensis . . 77

Plectana variegata . . . . 138

Plectropoma areolatum . . . . 265

maculatum . . 265

punctatum . . 265

Pleuronectes pavoninus . . 347

Pleurotoma alabaster . . . . 154

INDEX.

XXI.

Pleurotoma amabilis

PAGE.

. 154

Porphyrio rnelanopterus

PAOE.

.. 395

arctata

. 165

melanotus . . 192,

218, 386

argillacea . .

. 156

vitiensis

.. 77

armillata

. 151

Porzana fluminea

. . 193

brevicaudata

. 152

palustris

.. 193

contracta . .

. 161

quadristrigata . .

.. 194

crassilabrum

. 156

tabuensis

.. 194

Daphnelloides

. 159

Vitiensis

.. 76

debilis

. 155

Potamides telescopium . .

.. 320

dcedala

. 155

Precis zelima

.. 304

donata

. 155

Pristipoma nigrum

. . 271

Fusoides

. 155

Promecocephalus argentatus

. . 357

gemmata . .

. 151

Prunurn lavigata

. . 225

gracilenta . .

. 161

Pseudolates cavifrons

.. 262

hexagonalis . .

. 162

Pseudoscarus flavolineatus

.. 346

jubata

. 152

nudirostris

.. 346

languida

. 154

rivulatus . .

.. 345

nitens

. 154

Ptenaedus rufescens

.. 382

omata

. 158

Pterapon trivittatus

.. 270

pluricariuata

. 159

Ptermotus pellucidus

.. 171

punctata

. 151

Pterocera bryonia

.. 294

putillus

. 152

lambis..

. . 294

pyramidula . .

. 156

truncata

. . 294

quisqualis . .

. 157

Pteroceras lambis

.. 294

radula

. 153

truncatum . .

. . 294

rava

. 156

Pterodroma macroptera . .

.. 64

reflexa

. 152

Pterois volitaus

.. 278

sinensis

. 152

Ptilinopus coronulatus . .

.. 394

spurca

. 156

Corriei

.. 133

subula

. 158

Ewingii

.. 182

Tayloriana . .

. 152

Mariae

.. 74

tincta

. 155

Perousei

.. 74

undaticosta . .

. 161

porphyraceus

.. 77

varicosa

. 152

superbus

.. 182

violacea

. 151

Swainsonii . .

58, 182

Plotus Novae Hollandiaa . . 3

86, 395

Ptilopus Lozonus

.. 394

Podargus Gouldi

. 45

Ptilotis carunculata

.. 70

Papuensis

46, 388

chrysops

.. 10

phalasnoides . .

.45,46

filigera

.. 55

Podiceps gularis

. 386

Lewinii

10

Poepbila atropygialis

. 382

Macleayana

.. 10

cincta . .

. 382

notata

.. 55

Gouldias . . 1

97, 291

procerior

.. 77

mirabilis . .197, 1

99,291

provocator

.. 70

personata

. 382

versicolor

10, 55

Poniacentrus littoralis . .

. 342

Ptilorhis Victorise

37,57

obscurus ;

. 343

Ptistes coccinopterus

.. 384

Pomatostomus isidori

. 391

Ptychosteema Alexandras

.. 35

superciliosus

. 382

Puffinus nugax

.. 80

temporalis

. 382

Pupa Macleayi . .

.. 110

Porphyria porphyriticus . .

. 202

Pacifica

. . 127

viridescens . .

. 201

Eossiteri

18

Porphyrio bellus

. 193

Pupina Angasi

5

xxn.

INDEX.

Pupina bilinquis

PAGE.

.. 130

Rbytida Hobsoni . .

99

PAGE.

122

Crossei

110, 130

Jarnesi . .

99

122

grandis

6

Langleyana

■ ■ ■

18

Macleayi

5

Rbizoconus capitaneus .

. . .

289

nitida

.. 136

Sopbise

• ■ •

7

Thomsoni

111, 130

Ricinula alveolata

• • •

233

ventrosa

.. 137

coucatenata

.

200

Pupinella Crossei

111, 1°0

lauta

• ■ ■

233

Purpura alveolata

.. 233

margiualba

• • •

201

amygdala

.. 200

mendicaria

• > •

233

anaxares

.. 201

niuricata

• ■ >

200

ecbinata

. . 200

ocbrostoma

.

200

hippocaBtaueum

.. 200

Risella aurata

. 243 to 248

lineata

.. 233

Bruni

244

mancinella

.. 199

irnbricata

.

244

squamulosus . .

.. 201

livida

• • •

244

Pustularia limaciua

.. 299

lutea

. 243 to 248

stapbylaea

.. 300

nielanostorna

. 243 to 248

Pyramidella aurisoati . .

.. 256

nana

243

248

cinctella

. . 261

plana

243

248

gracilis

. . 257

vittata

• > •

244

plicata

.. 256

Rissoina cardinalis

• • •

367

subulata

.. 256

cblatbrata

.

364

terebelloides

.. 257

Cumingi

. B m

365

Pyrazus sulcatus. .

.. 319

efficata . .

• • ■

366

Pyrula papyracea

. . 201

exasperata

. .

365

rapa

.. 201

gigantea
inconspicua

365
368

Quoyi decollata

.. 364

inermis

• •

367

Montrouzieri .

365

Rallina tricolor

. . 196

nodicincta

.

364

Rallus bracbipus . .

193, 218

pulcbella

• ■ •

367

Pbillippensis

. . 193

scalariana

365

Ranella albivaricosa

.. 175

teres

• • •

367

anceps

.. 175

Ruma Maura

• ■ •

238

pulcbella

.. 176

melanostoma

• * ■

238

pusilla

.. 175

inelanostomoides

, ,

238

pyramidalis

.. 175

Eapa papyracea

.. 201

Salarias auridens

. • .

338

tenuis

.. 201

biseriatus

• • •

336

Recurvirostra rubricollis

189, 217

cristiceps

• • •

338

Rbinopalpa Sabiua

.. 304

fasciatus

• • •

336

Rbipidura albiscapa

.. 44

rilamentosus .

• • ■

337

albogularis . .

.. 77

geminatus

• •

336

dryas

.. 380

irroratus

. • •

337

gularis

.. 391

lineolatus

. ■ •

336

isura

50, 391

Salmo tumbil

• ■ ■

348

personata

43, 72

Salticus bicurvatus

■ ■ ■

222

rufi irons

50, 380

Macleayanus .

■ .

220

Rbynchfea Australis

.. 190

plataleoides

.

222

Rbyncbaracbne dromeda]

-ia . . 241

Sarciopborus pectoralis.

187

,217

Rbytida Beddomei

98, 121

Sauloprocta melalenca .

. .

392

Franklandiensis

.. 122

motacilloid*

38

392

INDEX.

XX111.

Sauloprocta tricolor

PAGE.

. 392

Serranus Howlandi

PAGE.

.. 265

Saurida grandisquarnis . .

. 348

megachir

. . 263

turnbil

. 348

pardalis

. . 263

Saurus badimottah

. 348

Sigaretus eximius

.. 240

Scabricola crenifera

. 208

planulatus

.. 239

granatina

. 208

Sillago ciliata

.. 279

Sealaria aculeata

. 251

gracilis

.. 279

aurita

. 250

maculata

. . 279

casta

. 250

Simpulum gemmatum . .

. . 173

delicatula

. 250

pileare

.. 173

denticulata

. 251

Sistrum anaxares

.. 201

fimbriata

. 252

concatenatus . .

.. 200

hyaliua

. 251

marginalbum . .

.. 201

irregularis

. 249

muricatus

.. 200

muricata

. 251

ochrostoma

.. 200

obliqua

. 251

tuberculatum . .

.. 201

Phillippinarum

. 249

Sittella striata

.. 382

replicata

. 249

SmicoT-nis flavescens

.. 380

rubrolineata

. 250

Solarium ccelatum

.. 286

subnudata

. 250

dorsuosum

.. 286

tenui-costata . .

. 250

fenestratum . .

.. 287

turricula

. 250

purpuretum . .

.. 286

varicosa

. 252

stramineum . .

.. 286

vestalis

. 252

Solemathus Blochii

.. 354

vulpina

. 252

Spatula rhynchotis 195

, 216, 219

Scapanes solidarius

. 303

Sphecotheres flaviventris 54

, 382, 391

Scapha pulchra

. . 205

Sphencecus galactotes . .

.. 380

rutila

. 206

Sphyrama Fosteri

.. 280

Sophia

. 205

Spratella fimbriata

.. 350

Scaphella maculata

. 206

tembang

.. 350

Scatophagus multifasciatus

.. 277

Spratelloides delicatulus

.. 350

Sciasna arinata

. . 323

Sterna bergii

80

jarbua

.. 270

cristata

80

Scolopax Australis

. 219

frontalis

.. 80

Scolopsis margaritifer . .

. 271

panaya

80

Scomber hippos

. 323

longipennis

80

Scorpis vinosa

. 277

melanauchen

62,78

Scorpoena Byncensis

. 278

melanoryncha . .

.. 62

mahe

. . 278

nigrifrons

.. 62

volitans

.. 278

Novffi-Hollandias

.. 78

Scythrops Novce-Hollandiae 2

83, 394

Sternula inconspicua

.. 63

Seisura nana

. . 384

placens

63, 386

Sernicassis pila

. . 234

Stethojulis strigiventer . .

.. 345

Serricornis brunneopyghis

53

Stictopelia cuneata

.. 59

lasvigaster . .

53

Stigmatops ocularis

.. 55

Serranus alatus

.. 264

subocularis . .

.. 383

Australis

. . 264

Strephonia eyiscopalis . .

. . 202

carinatus

. . 265

erythrostoma

.. 202

crapao

. . 264

tricolor

. . 202

foveatus

.. 263

Strepsilas interpres

.. 80

fusco guttatus

. . 264

Strigatella dichroa

.. 210

Gilberti

. . 263

Strix delicatula . . 79

, 379, 388

hexagonatus . .

.. 263

lulu

.. 77

XXIV.

INDEX.

Strornbus bryonia

PAGE.

294

Telasco luctuosa

PAGE.

. 180

Carnpbelli

292

picta

. 180

canarium

292

Telescopium fuscum

. 320

columba

292

telescopium

. 320

dentatus

293

Terebellum punctatum . .

. 294

elegans

293

eubulatum . .

. 294

Lamarckii

292

Terebra areolata

. 255

lambis J

294

caslata

. 255

luhuauus

293

cancellata

. 255

mangioruin . .

320

capula

. 255

plicatus

293

cblorata..

. 253

radix bryonia. .

294

columellaris

. 255

truncatus

294

Jukesi

. 253

variabilis

292

Knorrii

. 253

vittatus

293

lasvis

. 254

Strongylocera spinicostatus

177

maculata

. 253

Stylifer acicula

284

marmorata

. 254

astericola

285

oculata

. 254

Sula Australia

80

spectabilis

. 254

cyanops

64

straminea

. 254

fiber.. .. . . 64

,80

386

tenera

. 253

serrator

80

undulata

. 255

Surcula brevicaudata

152

violascens

. 255

gemmata

151

Terebralia sulcatum

. 319

jubata

152

telescopum . .

. 320

reflexa . .

152

Terekia cinerea

.

Sus Papuensis

36

Tetragnatba bituberculata

. 150

Sycotypus ficoides

235

cylindrica . .

. 150

Sygnatboides Blockii

354

decorata . .

. 148

Sygnatbus biaculeatus . .

354

ferox

. 150

tetragonus . .

354

granulata . .

. 148

Sylocbelidon Caspia

62

386

Tetrarynchus reptans . .

. 12

Syma flavirostris

47

390

Tetraroge Darnleyensis

. 278

tortoro

. .

390

Tetrodon alboplumbeus

. 357

Synagris furcosus

. .

271

argenteus

. 357

tcEniopteius

. .

272

argylopleura . .

. 357

Synoious Australis

185

219

bicolor

.. 357

cervinus 186,

384

394

Hartlaudi

.. 358

Diemenensis . .

185

immaculatus . .

.. 357

sinensis

186

Manillensis . .

. . 356

sordidus

186

oblongus

.. 357

Sornola cinctella

260

patoca . .

.. 357

pulcbra

261

pcecilonotus . .
scelaratiis

.. 357
. . 357

Tacbypetes aquila

64,78

virgatus

. . 356

minor

64

386

Teutbis albopunctata . .

. . 338

Tadorna radjab . . 194,

217

386

doliata

.. 339

Talegallus Lathami

184

notosticta

. . 339

Tanysiptera galatea

390

vermiculata

. . 339

Tapbozous affinis

82

Thalasseus Bengalensis . .

62, 386

Hargravei

81

cristatus

. 62

Tatare viridis

77

Tbalassia annulus

. 100

Teotareus Malaccana

363

Krefftii

. 118

INDEX,

KXV

Thalassia rustica

PAGE.

117

Trichotropis conica

PAGE.

.. 313

Sappho

, ,

110

costellata . .

.. 313

villaris

, .

118

flavidula . .

.. 313

Yorkensis

. ,

118

gracilenta . .

.. 313

Thalessa echinata

200

inermis

. . 313

hippocastaneum

, ,

200

insignis

. 313

manciuella

.

199

quadricarinata

. . 313

Thalia Macleayi

.

140

Rugievi

. . 313

Tharodontis ophis

,

352

tricarinata. .

.. 312

Therapon caudovittatus

.

270

unicarinata

. . 313

servus

.

270

Tricondyla aptera

. 303

theraps

.

270

Trigonostoina tricolor . .

.. 311

Timoriensis . .

270

lamellosa . .

. . 311

Therates labiatus

.

303

obliquata

. . 311

Threskiomis strictipennis ]

90

385

Tringa acuminata . . ]

89, 384

Thrysoidea cancellata . .

a

352

Australia

.. 189

Todiramphus sanctus . .

47

canutus

.. 189

sordidus . .

.

47

subarquata

.. 189

vitiensis . .

70

tenuirostris . . 60, ]

89, 384

Torinia ccelata

.

286

Tringoides hypoleucus . .

.. 189

dorsuosa

.

286

Triphorus corrugatus . .

.. 319

fenestrata

,

287

violaceus

. 319

straminea

286

Triton decipiens

.. 174

Totanus brevipes . . 1

89

384

encausticus

. 174

glottis

.

384

gemmatus

. . 173

incanus

.

76

gracilis

. . 173

stagnatilis

.

189

labiosus

. . 173

Tornatellina eucharis . . 1

10

128

lotorium

. . 173

Grenvillei . . 1

(i!)

128

pileare

• 173

Mastersi . . 1

08

127

sacrostoma

. • 173

Petterdi . . 1

OH

128

Tritonium

. . 173

terrestris 109, 1

in

128

Trivia globosa

. 299

Trachia cyclostornata . .

.

124

grando

• 298

Delessertiana . .

123

oryza

• 298

Endeavourensis

123

pellucida . . :

• 299

Tuckeri

,

123

producta

• 299

Trachynotus Baillonii . .

.

330

scabriuscula

. 298

ovatus

,

329

sulcata

• 299

Triacanthus angustifrons

,

354

vitrea

. 298

biaculeatus

.

354

Trochatella Sophia

4

Blochii

.

354

Trochus cicatricosus

. 243

macrurus . .

.

354

melanostomus . . 2

43, 245

oxycephalus

.

354

nanus

. 243

Tribonyx Mortieri

.

193

telescopium

. 320

ventralis . . 1

93,

386

Tropidorhynchus buceroides

. 55

Trichoglossus amabilis . .

.30, 74

Truncatella ferruginea . .

• 132

Masssena

.

393

teres

. 132

multicolor

,

58

Yorkensis . .

. 132

Trichotropis bicarinata

„

313

Turbinella Australiensis

. 203

borealis . .

.

313

picta

. 203

cancellata . .

.

313

Turbonella aplini

. 258

cedo-nulli . .

,

313

confusa

. 258

clathrata . ,

•

313

Darnleyensis

. 257

XXVI.

INDEX.

PAGF.

PAGE.

Turbouella exirnia

.. 257

Vitriua Brazieri

.. 129

Tumix castanotus

.. 185

Voluta auti ciugulata . .

.. 115

melauogaster

.. 184

aui is cati

.. 256

nielanotus

.. 185

aulica

.. 206

pyrrhothorax

59, 185

aurantia

. . 212

scintellans

.. 185

crenulata

.. 214

varius

185, 218

diadema

.. 204

velox

.. 185

episcopalis

.. 207

Turricola Antonelli

.. 212

filosa

.. 208

aurantia

.. 212

flavicans

.. 204

casta

.. 212

lugubris

.. 204

corrugata

.. 210

macroptera

.. 115

costellaris

.. 210

maculata

.. 206

curvilarata

.. 211

mendicaria

. . 233

formosa

.. 212

modesta

.. 204

pastata

.. 212

plicaria

.. 210

Jukesi

.. 211

pulchra

. . 205

tasniata

.. 211

rutila

. . 205

vulpecola

.. 211

signifer

.. 204

Tympanostomy Layardi

. . 321

Sophia

.. 204

Typhis Cleryi

9

volvacea

.. 204

Volutella flavicans

. . 204

Upeneus inalabaricus . .

.. 274

Sophia

. . 205

volvacea

.. 204

Vanessa Amelia

.. 304

Volvaria fusiforruis

.. 225

Vanga argenteus

.. 392

mentalis

. . 392

Xanthomelon Jannellei . .

.. 126

nigrogularis

.. 380

Xema Jarnesonii

.. 196

Quoyi

. . 392

Xenorhynchus Australis

191, 386

Vola vola

.. 301

Vertagus fasciatus

.. 318

Zeuxis crenulata. .

.. 180

lineatus

.. 319

semiplicata

.. 180

pulcher

.. 318

Zosterops ccerulescens . .

.. 70

recurvus

.. 319

explorata

71, 77

vulgaris

.. 318

flavogularis . .

.. 56

Vertigo Macdonnelli

. . 128

flaviceps

71, 77

Maclea\ i . .

110, 128

Gulliveri

.. 383

Kossiteri

18

Kandavensis . .

,.. 71

Straugei

.. 19

lutens..

.. 57

Vitia ruficapilla

42

Eamsayi

.. 56

Vitriua Australis . .

... 129

Zylopsyche Stayceyi

.. 199

GrBES, Shallard, & Co., Printers, 108 Pitt-street, Sydney.

THE

••>

LINNEAN SOCIETY

OP

NEW SOUTH WALES

F. C'ltn'sixoiiamk & Oo . Steam Machine Prtnteus, 186 Pitt Stkeet.

1876.

pimratt Storirig of jpfo §5tmth W£uh%.

OFFICERS,

}.1rcsibcnt :
Wm. Macleay, Esq., F.L.S.

iJicf-^lrceitirnt :
The Hon. Sib Wm. Macarthur, M.L.C.

tCouuril :
H. G. Alleyne, Esq., M.D.
J. C Cox, Esq., M.I)., F.L.S,
Professor Liyersidue
E. P. Ramsay, Esq , CM.Z.S.
Alfred Roberts, Esq.
W. J. Stephen's, Esq., M.A.

rSccrctaru :
Commander T. Stackhouse, R.N.

"3TlT,tsitm- :
H. H. Burton Bradley, Esq.

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Abbott, Hon. Rob. Palmer, Esq., Neutral Bay.

Alleyne, H. G , Esq., M.D., 8 Upper Fort-street-

Allport, Morton, Esq., F.L.S., Stone Buildings, Hobart Town.

Alkin, Rev. J B , M.A., Campbelltown.

Badham, Bev. Professor Charles, D.D , Sydney University; Brisbane

House, St Leonard's.
Bkadley, H. H. Burton, Esq., 64 Margaret-street.
Brown, Thomas Esq , M.L.A., Esk, Hartley.
Belisario, J., Esq., Lyons' Terrace, 191 Liverpool -street.
Blaxland, Hon. John, Esq., M.L.C, The Hermitage, Ryde.
Busby, Hon. Wm , Esq., M.L.C, Cassilis.
Brazier, John, Esq., CM.Z.S., 11 Windmill-street.
Bedford, W. J. G., Esq , Victoria Barracks, Faddington.
Carroll, Walter J., Esq., Bnrdekin Terrace, College-street
Coombes, Edward, Esq., Glanmire, Bathurst.
Cox, James C, Esq., M.D., F.L S , Hunter- street.
Cox, Hon. Ed. King, Esq., M.L.C, Mulgoa, Penrith.
Cokham, J. B. Esq., St. Leonard's, North Shore.
Clark, John K , Esq., Melville, Liverpool Plains.

IV.

Ciiisholm, Hon. James, Esq.. M.L.C., Kippielaw, Goulburn.
Ohisholm, Edward/M.D.. Camden

Dalley, Wm. B., Esq., Double Bay.

Davis, G. C-, Esq., 97 Elizabeth-street; 117 Maeleay-street.

Dixon, Douglass, Esq., Australian Club.

Dumaresq, Wm. A., Esq., St. Alban's, Scone.

De Lauket, A. Gr., Esq , Wynella, Goulburn.

Docker, Hon. Jos., Esq., M.L.C., 132 Itoslyn Terrace, Darlinghurst Road

Duncan, W. A , Esq., Colebrooke, Double Bay.

Deas-Thomson, Hon. Sir. Ed , C.B., K.C.M.G., M.L.C., Barham.

De Salis, Hon. L. F., M.L.C., Queanbevan.

Dodds, Alex , Esq.

Drake. W. H., Esq., New Englan d.

Elureh, W. H., Esq., Margaret-place, Sydney.

Fairfax, Hon. John, Esq., M.L.C.. "Herald Office ;" Ginnagullah.

Fairfax, Jas. R., Esq , " Herald Office ;" Ginnagullah.

Fairfax, E. R. Esq., " Herald Office ;" 117 Macquarie-strcet.

Farnell, Hon. Jas. Suuire, Esq , M.L.A., Ryde.

Fitzpatrick, Michael, Esq., M.L.A.. Reform Club: Looke's Wharf.

Forster. William, Esq., ML. A., Union Club ; Fitzroy-strect, Marrickville.

Fyffe, B., Esq., M.R.CS.L.

Fraser, C. A., Esq., New England.

Fraser, A. R., Esq , New England .

Francis. Thomas, CE.

Galloway. J. J., Esq., Australian Club.

Garran, Andrew. Esq., LL.D., "Herald Office;" Herford-strect, Glebe.

Gibson, J. J. R , Esq., Reedy Creek, Inverell.

Gilliat, H. A., Esq , Australian Club.

Gordon, Hon. S. D.. Esq.. M.L.C.. 64 Pitt-st. ; Glen Yarra, South Head Koad

Gillman. T. H., Esq , M.D., Fig Tree Cottage, Hyde Park.

Garrick, Alfred C, Esq., Stewart, Garrick and Co.

Haruraves, W. H., Esq . Napoleon Cottage, Waverley Road.

Hay, Hon. John, Esq., M L.C., Rose Bay Lodge, Rose Bay, Woollahra.

Hill, Edward Smith, Esq., Woollahra House. Rose Bay.

Holt, Hon. Thos , M.L.C., The Warren, Cook's River.

H.vlkett, Laurence J., Esq., Infirmary.

Helsham, Douolas, Esq., Cook's River.

II awkes, C. H . Esq . Sydney.

Icely, T. R., Esq., Coombing Park, Carcoar.

Jenkins, R. L., Esq., Nepean Towers, Douglass Park
Jennings, P. A., Esq., Warbeecan, Deniliquin.
Jones, P. Sydney, Esq., M.D., 10 College-street.
Joseph, Thos, M. Esq., Gladesville.

Kateu, Henky H., Esq., Ellalong, Ashfield.
King, Robert, Esq., 10 O'Connell-street.
King, Philip G., Esq., Goonoo Gooiioo.
Kennedy, High, Esq.. University.

Lai/ke, Louis T., Esq., M.D., 131 Castlereagh-strect.
Liyeksidge, Professor Arch., University,
Lett, Charles, Towns and Co., Charlotte Place.
Lloyd, Chas. W., Tarriaro. Gulligal. Namoi River.
Lark, F., Esq,, Australian Club.

Macarthur, Hon. Sir Wjl, M.L.C., Camden Park.

Mackenzie, W. F., Esq., M.D., 281 Elizabeth-streel.

MacLaurin, H. N., Esq., M.D., Macquarie-strect.

Macleay, Wm., Esq., E.L.S., Elizabeth Bay.

Manning, F. Norton, Esq., M.D., Gladesville.

Markey, J. B.. Esq., Australian Club.

Masters, George, Esq., 83 Riley-street.

Mitchell, Day. S., Esq., 6 (m) Cumberland street.

Milford, F., Esq., M.D., Dynevor Terrace, 16 College-street.

Mort, Henry, Esq., Mount Adelaide, Darling Point.

Mein, J. Veitch, Esq., H.M.C.S. "Vernon."

MacKay, Patrick, Esq., Hunter's Hill.

Manning, Edye, Esq., Hunter's Hill and Phoenix Wharf.

Markey, James, Esq., No. 1 Regent-street.

McIntosh, J. N., Esq., Bathurst.

Merewether, E. C, Esq., Newcastle.

Maclean, Harold, Esq., Calingra, Woollahra.

Makinson, H, Esq., Gladesville.

Mouehead, R. A. A , Esq., 1 O'Connell-street.

McKay, Chas., Esq., M.D., lo Church Hill.

Morgan, Cosby W., Esq , M.D., Melua House, Cleveland-street Rod fern.

MobiaRTY, E. ()., Esq., C.E., North Shore.

VI.

Norton, James, Esq , Ecclesbourne, Double Bay ; 59 Elizabeth-street.

Onslow, Captain, Arthur A. W., Esq., R.N., Camden Park.
Osbobnb, James. Esq , Wollongong.

OgilviE, Hon. Ed. D., W.L.C., Esq , Yulgilbar, Grafton.
Osbobnb, George, Esq., Foxlow, via Bungandore

Phelps, J. J., Esq., Melbourne Club.

Palmer, William Hall, Esq., M.D , Hunter's Hill.

Prendergast, R , Esq., Sydney.

Ramsay, E. P.. Esq., C.M.Z.S., Museum.

Robeets, A., Esq., 45 Phillip- street.

Robertsox, Hon. Jno., Esq., M.L.A., Clovelly, Watson's Bay ; Reform Club.

Robertson, Thos , Esq., Oakville, Randwick.

Rowling, Charles, Esq , Mudgee.

Read, R. B., Esq., Randwick.

Stephens, W. J., Esq., M.A., New School, Darlinghurst.

Stackhouse, Com. T., R.N., Australian Club.

Sandeman, Alfred, Esq., Seven Oaks, Upper William-street North, Darling-
hurst ; 132 Pitt-street.

Strong. W. E., Esq , M.D., Surgeon Superintendent, Government Asylum,

Liverpool.
Salamons, J. E., Esq., 123 Elizabeth-street.

Tooth, Robert, Esq., Yengarie, Maryborough, Queensland.
Tucker, G. A., Esq., M.D., Cook's River.

Tarrant, Dr., Kiama.

Voss, Houlton Harris, Esq., Union Club ; 180 Macquarie-street.

Ward, W D., Esq.. M.A., St Leonard's.

Wilkinson, C. S., Esq , Armidale.

Walker, R. G, Esq., Public Library.

Wilson, Wm , Esq.. Monaltrie, Richmond River.

White, Hon. Jas., Esq , Martindale, Denman ; Cranbourne, Doable Ba}'.

Wolfen, William, Esq., 23 Bridge-street.

Waterhouse, F. G., Esq., South Australia.

Wright, H. G. A , M.P..C.S.E., Wynyard-square,

Young, W. J., Esq., Australian Club.

RULES.

I. The Linnean Society of New South Wales, is instituted
for the cultivation and study of the Science of Natural
History, in all its branches.

II. The Society shall consist of Ordinary, Corresponding, and
Honorary Members. Gentlemen not resident in New
South Wales, who shall have contributed valuable infor-
mation or specimens to the Society, shall be eligible for
appointment as Corresponding Members, at the discretion
of the Council. Honorary Membership shall be conferred
only on distinguished Naturalists not resident in New
South Wales.

III. The Officers of the Society shall consist of a President,
Vice-President, Secretary, and Treasurer.

IV". The affairs of the Society shall be conducted by a Council,
consisting of six Members (in addition to the office-
bearers), to be elected each year, at the Annual . General
Meeting;.

V. The President, Vice-President, Secretary, and Treasurer,
shall be elected in like manner, at the Annual General
Meeting.

VI. It shall be the duty of the Secretary to keep, a list of all
Members, and a record of all correspondences, transactions,
and proceedings of the Society.

VII. The Treasurer's duty shall be to receive all payments
made to the Society, and disburse all sums payable by the
Society out of the funds in his hands. He shall furnish
the Society annually, with an account of all such receipts

Vlll.

and disbursements. He shall demand all arrears of annual
subscription, after such shall have been due three
months. No payments shall be made by the Treasurer,
except for rent and taxes, without the sanction of the
Council.

VIII. Candidates for admission to this Society shall be pro-
posed and seconded at an Ordinary Meeting, and shall
be balloted for at the next Ordinary Meeting. Two-thirds
of the Members balloting shall elect.

IX. The Annual Subscription shall be £1 Is. payable on the
1st January of each year. And all joining after the close
of the present year (1874), shall pay an entrance fee of
t'l Is. in addition to their annual subscription.

X. No Member whose subscription shall be three months in
arrear shall participate in the advantages ottered by the
Society.

XI. At Ordinary Meetings of the Society any Member present
shall have the privilege of introducing one visitor, who,
with the permission of the Chairman, shall be allowed to
take part in the discussion.

XII. The Ordinary Meetings shall be held each month, at such
time and place as the Council shall appoint.
The order of business shall be as follows : —

1 Names of Visitors present shall be read aloud by the
( Ihairman.

2 The minutes of the last meeting shall be read, pro-
posed for confirmation to the Meeting, and signed by

the Chairman.

: J > Candidates for admission shall be proposed, and
those proposed at the preceding Meeting shall be
balloted for.

4 Papers and written communications shall be read and
discussion thereon invited, which may lie limited by
the Chairman.

IX.

.") The Meeting shall conclude with the examination of
such specimens, drawingSj Arc. as may then l>e
exhibited. And no business connected with the
management or finance of the Society shall be in-
troduced at any such Meeting.

XIII. Authors of papers must notify their intention of reading
such, together with the subject thereof, to the Secretary,
seven days before the next Ordinary Meeting ; and the
Secretary shall issue notice of the papers to be read at
each Meeting, in the order in which he shall have received
notice of the same.

XIV. Upon the requisition of any six Members presented to the
President and Council, through the Secretary, a Special
General Meeting shall be convened, — and any proposition
to be submitted to such Meeting shall be stated at length
in the notice to Members, and of any such Meeting, not
less than seven days notice shall be given.

XV. The Annual General Meeting shall be held in January,
the place and time of meeting to be fixed by the Council.
The objects of the Meeting shall be to choose the
Council and Officers for the ensuing year, and hear the
Annual Report on the general concerns of the Society.

THE PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

L1NNEAN SOCIETY

OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

FIRST MONTHLY MEETING OF THE SOCIETY,

Monday, 25th JANUARY, 1875.

William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.

NEW MEMBERS PROPOSED.

Mr. Masters pi-oposed, and Mr. Ramsay seconded the nomina-
tion of F. Gr. Waterhouse, Esq., South Australia, as a member of
the Society. Mr. Ramsay proposed, and Mr. Bradley seconded
the nomination of Douglas Helsham, Esq., Cook's River.

PAPERS READ.

Mr. Brazier, C.M.Z.S., read the following paper, describing
fourteen new species of Terrestrial, Fluviatile, and Marine Shells
from Australia and the Solomon Islands : —

*1. — Helix (Dorcasia) Blackalli.

Shell deeply, rather largely and openly umbilicated, globosely
depressed, very thin, translucent, light brown, irregularly striated
with raised waived strise, irregularly studded with numerous close
set obtuse short bristles ; whorls, 5, roundly convex, the last large,

* The species marked with an asterick I have placed in the Cabinet of the Linnean
Society.

1 TOE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LIXNEAX SOCIETY

in front largely inflated, base roundly convex, smoother than upper
surface, aperture broadly oval, peristome thin, slightly reflexed,
right margin descending, columellar margin expanded and partly
covering the large umbilicus.

Diam. maj. 8^, min. 7, alt. f>\ lin.

Hab. Mount Dryander, Port Denison, Queensland (Brazier).

This species resembles Helix bvevipila, Pfr. and Helix Goxenii
Cox in being covered with fine hair epidermis.

* •>

-Helix (Thalassia) Gayndahensis.

Shell minutely umbilicated, depressed, thin, glassy, yellowish
horn, obliquely, rugosely striated, whorls, 5, flattened, sharply
carinated above the centre and flat ; whorls becoming more con-
vex, flattened at the suture, keel above the suture and continuous
to the apex which is slightly raised ; base quite smooth, aperture
oblicpie, lunately rounded, peristome simple, margins distant, the
light slightly descending, columellar margin thickened with white
callus partly over the umbilicus.

Diam. maj. 3|, min. 3, alt. 2 lin.

Hab. Gayndah, Queensland, found on trees under bark.

This sjw j cies was obtained some few years ago by Mr. G. Masters,
when in the above locality collecting the devonian mud fish
Geratodus Fostcri.

*3. — Helix (Hadra) Bayensis.

Shell with the umbilicus covered, depressly-globose, finely
obliquely striated, marked with numerous spiral yellow and redish
chestnut bands and lines ; spire conoid apex obtuse, whorls OJ,,
convex, last roundly convex, deflected in front, aperture oblique,
peristome thickened, reflected, white, interior purplish, margins
approximating, the right descending, columellar margin thickened
and broadly expanded over the umbilicus.

Diam. maj. ID. 1 ,, min. 16, alt. 12 lin.

Hab. Wide Bay, Queensland. (Masters.)

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 3

This species differs from Helix Incei, Pfr. by being a much finer
and larger shell, with the umbilicus covered with broad callus?
base much broader and darker in colour, and by being only found
in the thick Queensland scrubs, whereas Helix Incei is found in
every part of Queensland in the open forest country. Dr. Cox
figured my new species in his Monograph of Australian Land
Shells, plate 18, figure 1, as variety of Helix Incei, Pf.

4. — Helix (Geotrochus) Brenchleyi.

Shell narrowly perforate, conical, rather thin, very finely
oblicpiely striated, bright straw yellow, with bright reddish chestnut
band on the periphery running spirally above the suture ; below
the suture broad white opaque band; spire conoid, apex rather
obtuse ; whorls 6, moderately convex, base convex, aperture
diagonal, triangularly ovate, peristome white, thickened and re-
flected ; margins distant, columellar margin broad and expanded
over the perforation.

Dia. maj. 10, min. 8, alt. 12 lin.

Hab. Maru Sound or Curagoa Harbour, Guadalcanor Island,
Solomon's Archipelago, (Coll. Brazier.)

Of this fine species I obtained only one specimen when at the
above Island in H.M.S. Curagoa in 1865, and it has been in my
collection ever since in manuscript. I take great pleasure in
making the description known. I have named it after the late
Mr. Julius L. Brenchley, M.A, F.R.G.S. and Author of the
" Cruise of the Curagoa through the South Sea Islands," who was
a great lover of Natural History.

5.— Helix (Corasia) Wisemani.

Shell imperforated, globosely depressed, thin, obliquely finely
striated, shining diaphanous, yellowish white ; obtuse at the apex ;
whorls 3J, rather flat, rapidly increasing, the last very large,
rounded at the periphery, marked with faint opaque white line
running into the suture, aperture oblique, ovately rounded, peris,
tome reflected, whitish brown, margins joined with thin callus, the

4 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LTNNEAN SOCIETY

right curved down, cohimellar margin rounded and broadly ex-
panded, the upper part of the peristome from the centre takes a
peculiar bend inwards.

Diam. maj. 14, min. 11, alt. 7 lin.

Hab. Solomon Archipelago.

This species resembles very much some of the Philippine Island
forms. The specimen I have taken the description from is the
onlv one that I have seen, and is in the collection of Mr. Charles
Coxen, of Brisbane, Queensland ; it was collected by Captain
Ferguson, a well-known trader to the Solomons ; he also having
obtained the splendid Geotrochus Fergusoni, H. Adams. Only
two specimens of it have been found ; Mr. Coxon has the one, the
other is in the British Museum

* 6. BULIMUS (EUMECOSTYLUS) MaCFARLANBI.

Shell rimate, minutely umbilicated, elongately ovate, thickish
longitudinally finely striated, with malleated appearance, covered
with dark yellow brown epidermis ; whorls 6, moderately convex
the last about half the length of the whole shell, suture crenulated,
aperture large, elongately oval, white within, peristome thickened
and reflected, from the centre it becomes much thinner at the
upper part where it joins at the suture ; columella white, regularly
arched with broad prominent pillars running spirally into the
interior ; thick deposit of callus on the body whorls and extending
up to the upper part of the peristome ; in the centre of the body
whorl short obtuse callus tooth, in some specimens not prominent.

Length 36, breadth 14, length of aperture 19 lines.

Hab. Solomon's Archipelago. (Captain Macfarland )

* 7. — Helicina (Trochatella) Sophia.

Shell moderately conoid, trochiform, acutely carinated at the
periphery ; obliquely rugosely striated, marked with fine spiral
grooves, light straw yellow, apex obtuse, not shining, whorls 5,
nearly flat, carinated above the suture, base convex, smoother than
above, aperture oblique, triangularly ovate, peristome yellowish

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 5

white, margins distant, right thin at its juncture with the suture
columellar margin thickened with a thin plate of callus extending
upwards across the body whorl.

Diam. maj. 3|, min. 3, alt. 2 lines.

Hab. Treasury Island, Solomon's Archipelago. (Coll. Brazier.)
This species I collected at the above island inland, in the
crevices of large coral blocks.

L &'

* 8 — Pupina Macleayi.

Shell rimately umbilicate, slightly acuminately oblong, solid,
longitudinally finely closely striated, pale yellowish to reddish
brown, spire tapering, obtuse at the apex, whorls 6^, roundly
convex, suture distinct, aperture vertical, circular, peristome pale
white, |- line below there forms another fine hair-like peristome,
the upper is thickened, widely expanded in front, upper part of
lip divided from body whorl by a deep groove, right margin with
long and wide auricle, the slit extending upwards and joined to
the suture of the body whorl ; umbilicus small, keel round it
columellar with long wide auricle.

Length 5, breadth 2^ lines.

Hab. Endeavour River, Queensland.

This interesting species is the second of the genius that I have
described with two lips from Australia ; the upper lip is broad,
and below it is the second, something like an hair line.

I name it after William Macleay, Esq., F.L.S., and President
of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, having seen speci-
mens of it in his collection for the first time some six months
back.

* 9. — Pupina Angasi.

Shell rimate, minutely perforated, pupa shape, solid, showing
malleated appearance all over ; reddish brown to dirty white, spire
moderately turgid, apex conoid, whorls 6, 5 convex, the body
whorl having a distorted appearance, the last descending, aperture
vertical, sub-circular, peristome reddish brown to white, thickened

6 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

and reflected, small narrow canal at the upper part of the peris-
tome on the inner side ; columellar margin with wide slit, not
extending through the margin but running spirally inside of the
aperture ; acute keel round the perforation.

Length 13f, breadth 6^ lines, large specimens.
Length 10 J, breadth 5\ lines, small specimens.
Hab. New Guinea. (Captain Hovell.)

This species was first taken for pupina grandis, Forbes, my
having two and Dr. Cox two specimens of the original pupina
grandis, collected first by the late Mr. John Macgillivray, Natu-
ralist of H. M. S. Rattlesnake, at the Louisade Islands ; this
species is quite distinct, the most distinguishing character is at
the columellar only having a slit and not the ear-shaped auricle
of grandis ; of some hundreds that I have seen, not one approaches
to grandis. I have named it after George French Angas, F.L.S.,
C.M.Z.S., to whom I am under great obligation in comparing
Australian and other shells for me in the British Museum.

* 10. — Epidkomus Bednalli.

Shell elongately turreted, thickish, with six rather indistinct
rounded elongated varices, spire straight, apex acute, whorls 8,
convex, sculptured with regular close set longitudinal ribs and
transversely striated ; ribs noduled at the suture, white, some-
times brown, aperture ovately oblong, smooth within, collumella
arcuate, smooth, straight, outer lip thickened, white.

Length 11, breadth 3| lines.

Hab. Guichen Bay, South Australia. (W. Bednall.)

This species approaches near to Epidromus Brazieri, Angas, and
Epidomus Qoxi, Brazier, two species found in New South Wales.
Named after its discoverer, Mr. William Bednall, an enthusiastic
and intelligent conchologist, late of Adelaide, now of Port Darwin

of new south wales. 7

* 11. — Cyprcea Sophia.

Shell ovate, attenuated anteriorly, base rounded, extremities
slightly produced, sides thickened, 13 large obtuse thick rounded
teeth on the outer lip, the inner or columella with 15, the upper
ones being nearly absolete , the lower thick and rounded, grooved
down the centre, bright orange yellow between the insterstices ;
base rounded, fulvous yellow, dorsal surface freckled with minute
bluish green, obscurely marked with two bands, margins forming
thick fulvous yellow callus extending nearly half way up to the
dorsal surface ; interior of aperture bright violet.

Length, 12, breath 8, alt. 6| lines.

Hab. Makeira Harbour, San Christoval Island, Solomon
Archipelago. (Brazier.)

This beautiful Cyprcea I obtained alive at San Christo valsome
years ago ; but recently some have found their way to Sydney
from the more western of the Solomons, but they are of a much
lighter colour ; at first glance one would take it to be a variety of
Cyprcea errones. Since it differs from it both in the colour of the
dorsal surface, and the interstices of the teeth being of a bright
orange colour, I have named this and the next species after
my wife.

12. — Conus (Rhizoconus) Sophia.

Shell turbinated, thick, dirty white, whorls 7, concave, spire
short, apex acute, transversely granulated with ten conspicuous
rows of grains running in the form of lines, average of one line
apart and run spirally round, each grain half line apart, grains
counted from edge of lip round the shell into the aperture on the
columella, grains commence one line below the angle and number
34, the second row at one and half 28, third row at three and half
41, the fourth row at four and half 40, the fifth at six lines 40,
the sixth at eight lines 38, seventh at ten lines, 37, eight at eleven
and half lines 32, ninth at thirteen and half 34, tenth row at four-
teen and half lines 33, below this rough raised lines are distinctly
seen of a, yellowish brown ; the grains appear to be raised upon

8 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LIXNEAX SOCIETY

small ridges, interstices quite smooth, columellar rather straight,
outer lip acute, inside crenulated or fluted at edge where the grains
meet : close at upper part near angle, wide at lower extremity,
interior of aperture white.

Length 19, breadth 10J, alt. 9 lines.

Hab. Hammond's or Bannietta Island, Solomon Archipelago,
found on a reef. (Coll. Brazier.)

This is one of many islands marked down upon all charts as
New Georgia, and very little known to naturalists ; this beautiful
shell, so far as I know, remains unique in my cabinet.

13. — Cassis (Casmaria) Thomsoni.

Shell umbilicated, thin, inflated, obliquely striated, light chestnut
brown, spire drawn out, acute, sature obliquely angled and tabled,
spiral raised line between the angle and the suture, ornamented
with spots and dots of darker colour, rugosely spirally striated
above last whorl, whorls 7, first two smooth, last very large,
transversely closely lined, angled and studded with rather close
set pointed nodules or tubercules running spirally to the apex ;
below the angle smooth channel, then another raised ridge of equi-
distant obtuse elongated nodules, aperture somewhat pear shaped ;
interior of aperture light brown, peristome thickened, reflected,
white, with four dark equi-distant roan square spots showing on
the edge, the upper part with five obtuse callus teeth, little below
two faint ones show, centre obsolete, lower part, which is flat,
indications of more faint obtuse ones show ; columella arched,
rather straight, rugosely wrinkled, upper part with six white
oblong callus teeth entering spirally inwards ; thick deposit of
white callus over the umbilicus, and extends in a thin plate across
the body whorl to the right margin or junction of the peristome.

Length 19, breadth 14, alt. llf lines.

Hab. off Sydney Heads, 5 miles due east, brought up from a
sandy bottom, 45 fathom. (Coll. Brazier.)

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 9

This tine shell fell to my share the day that Captain Nares, his
Officers, and Professor 0. Wyville Thomson, Director of the
Civilian Scientific Staff of H.M.S. Challenger Exploring Expedi-
tion, entertained a party of Australian Naturalists to a cruise
outside Sydney Heads, to see the deep sea sounding and dredging
carried out. And it is with pleasure that I name it after Professor
C. W. Thomson. Other new species came up in the same haul,
such as Leda, Mitra, Terebra, and Marginella; the rare Typhis
Cleryi — Petit was also found for the first time on the New South
Wales coast. It is recorded by Mr. G. F. Angas from the coast
of New Zealand

* 14. BlTHINIA HYALINA.

Shell turbinated, thin, glossy, shining, whitish under a brown
epidermis, whorls 5, roundly convex, the last large equalling half
the length of the whole shell, aperture somewhat lunate, peristome
thickish, margins continuous

Length 4, breadth 2| lines.

Hab. Eastern Creek, New South Wales.

This is the only species of Bithinia that I know of from
Australia as being described. It is found in various parts of New
South Wales, about Parramatta and Chatsworth ; it is generally
found in a corroded state, the apex wholly destroyed in some
specimens and covered with a thick hard coating of mud; when
washed in clean water and rubbed with a brush it is readily
removed

"Mr. Ramsay read a paper, entitled: —

Description of a New Species of Ptilotis, from the Endeavour
River, with some Remarks on the Natural History of the
East Coast Range, near Rockingham Bay."

10 the proceedings of the linnean society

Ptilotls Macleayana.

The crown and back of the head dark brown tinged with olive
all the feathers being margined with black more largely on the
sides of the occiput and over the ear-coverts, forming there a black
patch, feathers on nape of the neck and shoulders olive brown,
almost black at the tips, where they are centred with a con-
spicuous triangular whitish spot, lesser wing-coverts blackish
brown, having a triangular mark of whitish brown or buff at th e
tip, greater wing-coverts and all the wing feathers blackish brown
above margined with pale buff, the primaries and secondaries have
a yellowish olive tinge on the outer webs, feathers of the inter-
scapular region blackish brown, with a triangular mark of pale
buff or whitish brown down the centre of each feather, but
frequently on the outer web only, those feathers nearest the
thoulders having a yellowish tinge, rump and upper tail coverts
olive bi'own. A. narrow bare space below the eye yellowish ;
sides of the face and a line round the eye, buff , the ear covert s
and patch of pointed feathers behind them bright wax yellow '
ckm light brown or grey, tinged with olive ; from the base of the
lower mandible extending underneath the eye to the ear-coverts is
a narrow band of olive brown ; chest light olive yellow, the fea-
thers pointed and conspicuously tipped with bright wax yellow ;
breast light brown, each feather margined and tipped conspicu-
ously with yellow ; 'near their centre on either web an irregular
triangular shaped spot of blackish brown, being less distinct
on the feathers nearest the flanks and abdomen ; flanks light
brown, tinged slightly with olive brown ; abdomen and under
tail-coverts buffy white ; under surface of the tail-feathers dark
brown, edged with buff on their inner webs ; inner webs of wing-
feathers on the under surface broadly margined with the same
tint ; under wing coverts light buff ; under surface of shoulders
margined with yellow. Bill black, feet and legs blackish lead
colour, iris dark reddish brown, gape yellow.

Total length, 6| inches ; bill from forehead 1 inch, from angle
of the mouth to tip lj 6 inch ; wings from flexure 3| inches ; tarsi
^ inch ; tail 3 inches.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 11

The sexes are alike in plumage.

Hab. north- east coast of Australia.

This fine species of Ptilotis, which I propose naming in honour
of our distinguished President, is closely allied to Ptilotis versicolor
of Gould (Birds of Aust., vol. iv., pi. 34), differing somewhat in the
general markings, but chiefly in the absence of the white patch
behind the ear-coverts and the black and yellow markings on the
sides of the head ; the bird is about the same in size, and curiously
enough has every appearance of being a young bird, so much so
that, although I have been acquainted with this bird for some
time, I deferred describing it until several more specimens were
obtained. In some notes sent to the Zoological Society of London
in 1868 (proc. Zool. Soc, 1868, p. 386, sp. 25, P. Versicolor?),
I erroneously entered it as the young of Ptilotis versicolor (of
Gould). I have since, however, through the kindness of Mr.
Macleay, been enabled to examine several fine specimens obtained
by his collector, Edward Spalding, near Cooktown, and have no
doubt whatever of its being a fully adult bird of a distinct species.

The original specimen referred to in my list of birds from
Rockingham Bay, published in the Proceedings of the Zoological
Society of London in 1868 (Proc. Zool. Soc, 1868, p 386, No.
25) was obtained by Spalding near Cardwell, and was the only one
seen during his stay in that locality. During my last Natural
History excursion to those parts, I was fortunate enough to obtain
three others on the Herbert River, some 30 miles south of Card-
well. It is a quiet retiring species, in habits resembling Ptilotis
Lewinii, and frequents the scrubs and bushes fringing the River
Herbert. Its note is a feeble cry, resembling that of Ptilotis
chrysops. The young assume the plumage of the adult at an early
stage. This species, as far as it is yet known, has a very limited
range, being confined to the brushes and scrubs of the east coast,
from the River Herbert to Cooktown, on the Endeavour River. I
found this district one of the richest fields for the pursuit of
Natural History in Australia, and one which has almost been
untouched, I found there nearly 300 species of Birds, including 10
species new to Science ; several new Mammals — including a musk
rat, and numerous hats.

12 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LIiNNEAN SOCIETY

A large tiger-cat has also been seen on more than one occasion,
which may possibly turn out to be a new species of the genus
Felis, none of which have hitherto been discovered in Australia.

The scrubs teem with insect life ; large green and golden spotted
Butterflies (Ornithoptera cassandra), with the grand blue Papilio
ulysses, are among the commonest, On one occasion I obtained
over 200 specimens of these beautiful insects before 9 a.m. Two,
if not three, species of aligators and crocodiles inhabit the rivers,
which makes it particularly interesting to the traveller in crossing;
one specimen, however, Orocodilus Johnstoni, named after its dis-
coverer Inspector Robert Johnstone, who forwarded the first and
still unique specimen to the Australian Museum, is comparatively
harmless, and only found in the head waters of the rivers and
creeks and mountain streams ; it never inhabits the lagoons, nor
has it been observed in the main streams or near the coast.

Mr. Macleay exhibited a series of specimens of Entozoa and
Epizoa taken from a Sunfish captured by Mr. Brazier at Port
Stephens on the 28th of November, 1874.

Mr. Macleay read the following explanatory notes : —

The small bottle marked No. 1 contains specimens of Bothrio-
cephalus microcephalus (Rudolphi). This worm was found m
amazing quantity throughout the intestines. I have now in my
museum a one-gallon jar of spirits almost full of a nearly solid
interwoven mass of these cestodes ; indeed, so tangled and knotted
are they, that it took Mr. Masters and myself much time and
trouble to separate a few specimens for exhibition. A few small
ones we got out perfect, but in no instance were we able to get
the larger strobilse in a perfect state. We succeeded, however,
in unravelling one nearly perfect which measured over five feet in
length, and as there are about sixty proglottides to the inch, the
whole strobila must have consisted of nearly 4,000 individuals or
segments. The average width of a proglottis is about a quarter of
an inch.

No. 2 bottle contains specimens of Tetrarhynchus reptans
(Rudolphi). This is also a cestode worm, but differs from the
tape worms generally in its habit of making a tube or sheath, in

OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

13

which it is completely enveloped while it tunnels its way through
the muscles and viscera of its host. A very interesting and in-
structive history of this worm is given by Dr. Cobbold in the
September number of the Intellectual Observer for the year 1862.
The specimens now exhibited were adhering in tangled masses to
the integuments of the liver, while the substance of the liver
itself had been almost entirely destroyed by being tunnelled through
and through in all directions by hundred of these Helminths.

No. 3 is the Distoma Contortum (Rudolphi). This trematode
was found in considerable number in the substance of the gills.

No. 4 is probably a Gy&ticercus, and is no doubt the scolex form
of the taenia of some species of shark. One specimen only was
found adhering to the long intestine.

No. 5 is an epizoon, found abundantly on the skin of the fish,
and is most probably identical with the Lernea mentioned by
Captain Grey in his " Travels in Australia," as having been taken
in quantity off the head of a Sunfish caught by him in Western
Australia ; it causes irritating sores about the nose of the fish.

No. 6 is also a parasitic Crustacean, but the genus I have not
been able to make out. It was found in limited numbers upon
the gills of the fish.

These are all the parasites that Mr. Brazier was able to detect,
but they are by no means all the ills that the unfortunate Ortha-
goriscus Mala is heir to, for there are five other Entozoa mentioned
by Rudolphi, as peculiar to this animal. I may add that no
instance is known of the capture of a large Sunfish in which the
viscera and muscles were not completely riddled by various
species of Helminths, and from this circumstance no doubt the
belief has arisen that it is only when in a dying state that the
adult animal leaves its natural home in the depths of the sea, and
approaches the shallow waters, where it at once becomes the prey
of man.

A valuable microscope was presented to the Society by the
President.

14 the proceedings of the linnean society

Monday, 23rd February, 1875.

William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.

NEW MEMBERS PROPOSED.

Dr. Fyffe was proposed by Captain Stackhouse, seconded by Dr.
Alleyne.

Dr. Tucker was proposed by Captain Stackhouse, and seconded
by Dr. Belisario.

Dr. Wright was proposed by Captain Stackhouse, and seconded
by Mr. Kater.

MEMBERS ELECTED.

F. G. Waterhouse and Douglas Helsham, Esqrs.

Mr. Brazier read an amusing account of a dredging excursion
along the coast of New South Wales.

Mr. Kater exhibited some microscopic preparations of Diatoms,
&c., from soundings taken by H.M.S. Challenger.

Monday, 29th MARCH, 1875.
William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.

NEW MEMBERS PROPOSED.

Edwin Chisholm, Esq., Surgeon, proposed by Captain Stack-
house, and seconded by Mr. Icely.

C. A. Fraser, Esq., proposed by Captain Stackhouse, and
seconded by Mr. Phelps.

MEMBERS ELECTED.

Benjamin Fyffe, Esq., Surgeon

G. A. Tucker, Esq., and H. G. A. Wright, Esq., Surgeon.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 15

The following papers were read ;

NOTES ON A NEW SPECIES OF DENDROPHIS FROM

CLEVELAND BAY.

By William Macleay, F.L.S.

Diu-iiig the last twelve months I have had sent to me, by Mr,
Edward Spalding, from the Endeavour River and Cleveland Bay,
several species of snakes, which I have not been able to identify
with any of those hitherto described. I have, however, abstained
from attempting a description of them, or even affixing cabinet
names to them, until I became possessed of a sufficient number of
sjtecimens to enable me to trace the various changes in marking
and coloration which snakes generally undergo at various stages of
their existence.

In the case of the tree snake, of which I now exhibit a speci-
men, all necessary requirements in that respect have been fulfilled,
for I have about eight examples representing the animal at various
periods of its growth.

Two Australian species of the genus Dendrophis are known and
have been described by Dr. Gunther, of the British Museum.
D. punctulata, the well-known green tree snake of Sydney and the
coast districts of New South Wales ; and D. calligastra, from
Cape York, specimens of which I have also had from the Endea-
vour River.

The species now before you is from Townsville, Queensland, and
as it is the most elongate and slender of the genus I have seen, I
propose to give it the name of

Dendrophis gracilis.

The entire length of a full-grown specimen is about 4 feet, of
which the tail is quite 14 inches and very taper. The abdominal
plates number 212, and the subcandals over 130 in a double row.
The head is one inch long, flat, and moderately narrowed behind.
The superciliary shields abut prominently over the eyes, and the
loreals are more nearly square and less elongate than in the other

16 THE PROCEEDINUS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

two species. Dr. Gunther, I observe (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.
Series 3, vol. 20, p. 53), describes D. calligastra as having no
loreal ; but what I take to be the loreal shield in that species is of
remarkable length.

The scales of the back are in thirteen rows, all elongate except-
ing the central and external ones. The abdominal plates are
strongly bicarinated, making the central half of each quite flat ;
this double ridge or keel is stronger than in the other two species
and extends to the very tip of the tail.

The entire upper surface is of an olive black, the under surface
is yellowish white, clouded more or less with black according to
the age of the individual, the young specimens being much darker
than the adult. In the specimen before you, which, though full
grown, is probably not an old one, the first thirty or forty abdomi-
nal plates are without any black marking whatever, the next 100
plates or so are only slightly marked on each side near the ventral
ridges, but every plate getting distinctly darker as you descend.
The remainder are nearly black with their posterior edges, and a
broad vitta outside of each ventral ridge white. The subcaudal
plates have each a black patch at its point of contact with its
opposite plate, presenting the appearance of a continuous black
line of lozenge-shaped markings along the entire length of the
tail. The upper labial shields are white, with the exception of
the eighth and the upper portion of some of the others. The
lower portion of the rostral shield is also white.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 17

DESCRIPTIONS OF EIGHT SPECIES OF AUSTRALIAN
AND TASMANIAN LAND AND FRESH WATER
SHELLS.*

By John Brazier, C.M.Z.S.

1. — Helix (Hadra) rufofasciata.

Shell moderately umbilicated, globosely depressed, thin, minutely
rugosely granulated ; pale brown, marked with dark chestnut,
spiral bands, whorls 5, slightly convex, regularly increasing, the
last large and inflated in front, roundly convex, below the peri-
phery the chestnut band becomes broader and runs spirally into
the aperture ; base white with chestnut brown round the umbilicus,
aperture roundly lunate, slightly angular, peristome thin, acute,
margins rather distant, the columella margin dilated pai-tly over
the umbilicus, interior of aperture white or pink, the brown bands
are seen through the shell.

Diam. maj. 12|, min 9f, alt. 7 lines.

Hab. Tardea, 360 miles north of Adelaide, South Australia.

This fine shell approaches near to Helix Cassandra, Pfr. ; it
differs very much from that species in having dark chestnut bands
above and below with a large broad white band on the base, and
chestnut brown round the umbilicus. I am indebted for it to Mr.
Waterhouse, the Curator of the South Australian Museum.

2. — Helix (Hadra) Cookensis.

Shell umbilicated, turbinately globose, thin, finely obliquely
striated (under the lens), rugosely granulated spirally banded and
lineated with deep chestnut lines and bands, spire conoid, whorls
5|, moderately convex, the last large and roundly convex, base
convex, umbilicus deep and narrow, aperture oblique, ovately
lunate, purplish within, peristome slightly reflected ; margins
approximating, the right partly descending, columellar margin
straight and broadly expanded partly over the umbilicus ; with
thin coating of callus across the body whorl to the upper part of
the peristome.

* In cabinet of Linnean Society, New South Wales.

18 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

Diam maj. 16, min. 13, alt. 19 lines.

Hab. Cook Town, Endeavour River, north-east coast of Aus-
tralia. (Mr. Charles Coxen.)

3. — Helix (Rhytida) Langleyana.

Shell largely umbilicated, discoid, thin, very finely and obliquely
sculptured, not shining, pale horn brown, spire depressed, suture
channelled, whorls 3J, the three upper ones with the sculpture
much rougher, the last large and roundly convex, aperture oblique,
Innately ovate, peristone simple, acute, margins distant, columella! 1
margin slightly reflected at the edge of the umbilicus.

Diam maj. ih, min 3|, alt. 2 lines.

Hab. Macquarie Harbour west coast of Tasmania.

Of this species I have only seen one specimen ; it was collected
at the above locality some three years ago by Mr. W. Petterd ; it
comes near to Helix Milhgani and other species of the same genus.

* 4. — Helix (Charopa) Nupera.

Shell umbilicated, rather flatly discoid, thin, finely and regu-
larly and obliquely striated ; interstices very smooth, white, spire
flat, whorls 4, moderately convex, the last roundly convex, suture
channelled, base convex, umbilicus perspective, aperture nearly
vertical, semilunar, peristome simple, thin, and regular.

Diam. maj. 1|, min. 1, alt. ^.

Hab. King George's Sound, south-west coast of Australia, col-
lected by Mr. G. Masters.

* 5. — Pupa (Vertigo) Rossiteri.

Shell dextral, rather oblong, thin, shining nearly smooth, white,
hyaline, spire turretted, apex obtuse, whorls 51, roundly convex,
the last about quarter the length of the whole shell, aperture

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 19

squarely oval, armed with live teeth, one on the centre of the
body whorl thickened and of a lamellated form ; second on the
columella on the upper side rather sharp ; third small and thin at
the lower part of the columella ; fourth on the basal margin of the
interior of the aperture thick and elongated ; fifth on the inner
upper side of the outer Hp rather obsolete ; peristome slightly ex-
panded, thin. Length 1J ; breadth | lines.

Hab., Picton, Rope's Creek, Lake Macquarie, and Wingham,
upper Manning River, New South Wales, (Brazier).

This species is often taken for a variety of Vertigo Sirangei, Pf.,
the time typical species of Yet tigo Strangei are sinistral, more elon-
gated, and the aperture oval, studded with seven teeth. Dr. Cox
in his "Monograph of Australian Land Shells, 1868," figures my
species as a variety of V. Strangei, in plate 14, fig. 18, 18 A ; both
species are found in company.

* G. — Amnicola Petterdiana.

Shell conical, thin, yellowish brown under a dark epidermis,
whorls 6, convex, suture impressed, apex acute, peristome thickish,
aperture vertical, somewhat ovate, margins continuous, thickened,
and detached from the body whorl.

Length \h, breadth | lines.

Hab. Scottsdale, Ringarooma, and Emu Bay, Tasmania ; Messrs.
Petterd and Legrand.

* 7. — Amnicola Simsoniana.

Shell turbinately conical, thin, horny, green under a brownish
epidermis, whorls 6, roundly convex, spire acuminated, apex
roundly obtuse, aperture vertical, sub ovate, margins continuous,
peristome thin, slightly expanded, channel between the columella
margin and the body whorl.

Length H, breadth f lines.

Hab. Brighton, near Hobart Town, Tasmania, (Mr. Simson.)

20 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

* 8.- — PLANORBIS MERIDIONALIS.

Shell discoid, light horny brown, faintly marked with oblique
lines of growth, sharply carinated at the periphery, whorls 3, the
last large, more than half the size of the whole shell ; large in
front, moderately convex, spire depressed, base convex, depressed
in the centre of the whorls, aperture oblicpie, hatchet shaped,
peristome thin, acute, margins approximating the right joined to
the left by a thin deposit of calius.

Diam. maj. 1|, min. \\, alt. | line.

Hab. Ouse River, Tasmania, Mr. Masters.

Circular Head, ,, Petterd.

A member exhibited a beautiful specimen of dendritic stone
from Rooty Hill, which was left for exhibition with the Society.

Two volumes of Bentham's " Florn Australiensis" presented to
the Society by the Government, were ordered to be suitably

acknowledged.

Mr. Brazier exhibited a specimen of native food from the
Marshall Islands, composed of pandanus and farina of some plant
resembling the Taro. He also exhibited a fungus from the
Loyalty Islands, much relished by the missionaries (an Agaricus
growing on the roots of trees). Also the fungus from the same
place, which is largely imported into China.

I

OF NEW SOUTH WALES, 21

MONDAY, 26th APRIL, 1875.

William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.

NEW MEMBER PROPOSED.

A. R. Fraser, Esq., New England.

MEMBERS ELECTED.

Edwin Chisholm, Esq., Surgeon ; C. A. Fraser, Esq., New
England.

Dr. Cox read the following paper on the Stone Implements
of Australia and the South Sea Islands : —

The Aboriginals of this vast Continent and adjacent Isles show
no exception to the almost universal custom of making use of
stone as a means of searching for their food, and also for making
the necessary weapons of offence and defence. The few specimens
of these rude implements, which I have laid before you this
evening, are chiefly those which have been used by the natives of
Australia, some are from New Caledonia, a few from New Zealand,
others from the Fiji Group, the Loyalty Islands, several from the
Solomon Isles, and a few from New Guinea. It is now very
difficult to obtain specimens peculiar to New South Wales,
although it is no great time since these implements were to be got
in abundance. I can myself remember seeing them in the hands
of the greater number of the natives of the tribes which once
inhabited in large numbers the Valley of Mulgoa near Penrith ;
but so thoroughly has all trace of them now disappeared that I
have searched that district in vain for specimens peculiar to the
tribes, and if the total disappearance of them has taken place
within the short space of less than thirty-five years, I think, unless
some record of these rude relics of the inhabitants of this land be
made, future generations may doubt their having existed at all.
In Victoria they have totally disappeared from use, and but
comparatively few specimens are left on record. I have never yet
been able to procure a specimen from Tasmania, although I have
offered liberal rewards for them. In Western Australia stone

22 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

hatchets, knives and spears (such as I show you) are still found in
the hands of the dark tribes, and also in Queensland.

The hatchets found in "Western Australia appear to point to one
of the lowest types of creation, their stone implements being so
primitive that, unless the stones were found in gum and fixed to
handles, I scarcely think it would be credited that they had ever
been used for the important duties they had to serve. Some are
said still to be found in the hands of the natives of the northern
part of South Australia, and also in the back rivers of Queensland,
especially to the north-west, where fine specimens can be procured
with handles fixed to them with a gum resin, just as they were
originally found throughout the Continent.

Most of the specimens from New South "Wales which I show

you have been ploughed up in various districts such as Dapto,

Baulham Hills, Monaro, Ashfield, and Kurrajong, while others

have been dug out of the beds of oyster shell, found so abundant

near the mouths of our principal rivers, under shelving rocks,

evidently the scene of many a cooking fire. I presume the hatchets

got mixed with these masses of shells by their making use of them

to open the large mud oyster, which, judging from the abundance

of the shells, were then to be found in quantities, or it might have

been, that it was around the fire that they manufactured their

implements, melting and moulding the wax which was to secure

the handle to the stone. Others of the tomahawks I have received

from the Wollombi, having been dug from the bottom of the large

caves in that district, on the arched roofs of which are still

to be found impressions of the " Red Hand " and other

fisures. Other hatchets have been found in the crevices of rocks

about the locality where they were sharpened and the edge ground.

Of these localities I shall speak presently. Generally one or more

of these hatchets were to be found in the graves of the natives,

but unfortunately almost all of the old mounds have disappeared,

and it requires a keen eye to discover them. It seems to have been

one of the native customs of the New South Wales blacks to bury

the goods and belongings of the men of the tribes with the bodies,

and it is in this way that I account for their being ploughed up

from time to time.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 23

The generality of these hatchets had handles fixed to them by
doubling a piece of tough wood round them, the two were then
bound together tightly with kangaroo sinews, and the whole
plastered with the gum of the grass tree. Usually the handle is
fixed so that only one end of the stone could be used ; but specimens
which I have only recently received from the Macdonald River, a
tributary of the Hawkesbury, lead me to assume that in some
instances the handles was fixed in the centre of the stone so that
both edges were used. That stone hatchets have been made and
used in this manner by neighbouring tribes is shown by the
beautiful specimen, the property of Mr. Markey, kindly lent
me by him to show this evening. The edges of those peculiar to
Australia are almost invariably worn quite straight, transversely,
across the stone, and curved from side to side, and with this single
exception shown with only one edge sharpened. But this rule
cannot be considered absolute, for I show you a stone dug from the
Wollombi Caves by Mr. Brooks, Police Magistrate, of a shape
totally different to any hitherto recorded as having been found in
Australia. It approaches, in fact, more to the hatchets of the Fiji
Group than to any other that I know of. It has a broad upper
surface flat and well polished ; below it is also flat and well
polished, the two surfaces tapering towards each other and making
a good cutting edge but bevelled off from above downwards with
great precision and the angles of the different edges carefully worn
off. It also presents at the opposite end a portion evidently worn
down for the purpose of attaching a handle to it; and from analogy
I believed it to have been fastened into a crooked handle, similar
to those of the Fiji Group ; and I canuot believe that it has not
been introduced. The hatchets from the Solomon Isles are always
conical in form and the cutting surface is not straight, but formed
with a decided curve and are highly polished.

The Fiji weapons are generally long and tapering to each end,
one end coming to a sharp cuttting surface, and the other morticed
in an elbow shaped handle.

In New Caledonia some of the finest specimens of these hatchets
are to be found. In form they are generally circular, made of
green stone, flat with a cutting surface all round, and the handle

24 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LTNNEAN SOCIETY

is fastened by having two holes drilled through the stone, and
tying the stone and handle together with fibre. Many of the
handles are beautifully worked in various devices. Others appear
to have been fastened to long sword-like pieces of wood by being
morticed to it at one end. Stone hatchets have been found in New
Zealand mounted in the same manner, and formed most formidable
weapons when used in the same way as Javelins were used. The
" Meri " of New Zealand, I am led to believe, was carried in the
hand, having one or more holes drilled through it with the object
of attaching it to the wrist of the wearer by a strong cord. These
" Meris " appear to have been passed from tribe to tribe. Generally
they were made of the finest green stone highly polished, and must
have taken almost a generation to make, but others have been made
of a hard pebble stone, and were of the same shape and similarly
used.

New Guinea seems to possess two distinct forms of this weapon.
One of my specimens is in the form of an adze of large size, let
into an angled handle, and is used only, I am told, for cutting
canoes. The other is a small rather square stone angled at either
side of the cutting margin which is always curved. The convexity
of the curve being set away from the handle.

The implements found in Australia proper vary considerably in
the stone used, as well as in the workmanship. Usually they have
been made of the flat elongated pebbles, found in the beds of many
of our Australian water courses ; but from facts which have come
under my notice, it appeal's to me that the tribes resorted to certain
localities in their various districts for the purpose of collecting and
grinding these stones. I know of two places where the rocks in
the neighbourhood have been worn on every side by grinding
the hatchets, so deep indeed are these marks that they must
have been the result of many years work. But in addition to
grinding them in these places the natives evidently carried about
with them stones for rubbing up and sharpening the edges.
Specimens of these stones I now show you.

It is very remarkable, also, that all the specimens I have
shown from the coast tribes are exceedingly rude and only
polished at the cutting edge, while those from the interior are

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 25

more perfect in form and highly polished, as seen in the speci-
mens from the Namoi River district, while some of those of the
Northern tribes of Queensland appear rather to have been formed
by splitting pieces off them. In Western Australia the implements
found are of the very rudest description. They do not appear to
possess sufficient river pebbles from which to form their weapons,
their tomahawks being merely small sharp pieces of granite stuck
into each end of a lump of grass tree gum in the centre of which a
handle is firmly attached, and thus forms a double tomahawk. Their
knives are of two kinds, one made of a piece of sharp crystal with
one end protected with fur and gum. The other specimens of
knives are formed by simply sticking a number of small sharp
pieces of granite in a row to a stick with gum.

1 must next draw your attention to the stone weapons made in
■ the form of arrows used either as spears or arrows, the only
specimens of which are to be found on the north coast of Australia,
west of Cape York. The spears are a long and formidable wooden
implement pointed with a black igneous glassy crystalline stone.
The arrows are tipped by the same sharp stony formation and are
found in the hands of the same tribes. I have still another very
remarkable weapon to show, appropriately called a " gubba gubba "
or headache stone. For this rude and curious weapon I am
indebted to my friend Mr. Beddome, lately Government Resident
at Cape York. In the old world some remarkable round stones
have been at various times found with large holes in the centre ;
and it has been a matter of much conjecture what these stones
actually were, some suggesting that they were weights for fishing
tackle, others, that they had had strings attached to them and were
used for throwing at a distance. The specimens which I show
you set the theory at rest, as far as Australia is concerned, for
they are mounted in such a way that they may be used as a most
formidable weapon of offence. The stones of which these weapons
are composed, are circular in form, six inches in diameter, having
a large hole in the centre through which a strong wooden handle is
passed, and the two are firmly bound together with gum and fibre.
The stones themselves are, as I have said, quite round and
beautifully bevelled off to a very sharp edge.

26 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

These implements, of which I have three, I believe to have come
originally from New Guinea and so far, I think, are the only
specimens on record.

The other, and somewhat similar weapon, is said to have come
from the Solomon Islands ; it differs from the others by not
having any sharp edge on it. In fact, it may be described as
a long wooden handle with a heavy stone ring attached to the end.

The following list of specimens were exhibited : —

Two specimens with original handles attached, fixed on with the
gum of the grass tree. One from the Clarence Iliver district,
about 6|x3| inches long, oval, sharpened at one end only, the
edge being quite straight, central from above doionwards for
about one half of the stone. The other from the Bowen River,
a tributary of the Bowen, Queensland, 5 x 2| inches, of exactly
the same shape and form. Two very large elongately square
shaped specimens measuring 8 inches long, by 5 1 - inches broad,
flattened, of a very coarse stone, the cutting edge very slightly
curved, only occupying one end of the stone, from Stony Creek,
near Picton, New South Wales. Two long narrow very slightly
flattened specimens, about an equal thickness throughout, the cut-
ting edge, central, confined only to one end of the stone, the
opposite end, the head of the hatchet, gradually tapering off.
Presented to me by D. Ash worth, of Manaro The other was
ploughed up at West Dapto, Wollongong. About thirty other
specimens varying in length from 6 to 2J inches, and in breadth
from 4h to 2 inches; many others are proportionately much broader
than long ; most of them are smooth as if made from water worn
pebbles, others are evidently roughly chipped to bring them to a
proper form for use.

One from Western Australia, about 6x3 inches, consists of
an irregular oval mass of grass tree gum, to which a wooden
handle is firmly fixed in the centre below, the cutting edges are
formed by sharp edged chips of granite firmly imbedded in the
gum. Two knives from the same district made by fastening thin
sharp chips of quartz in a line along the lower edge of a wooden

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 27

handle with a similar gum, making a cutting edge of about 5£
inches in length, the wooden handle being about 1 6 inches. One
knife from West Australia, made from a sharp chip of rock crystal
which is imbedded into an oblong mass of gum covered at the end
with opossum skin to prevent it from adhering to the hand.

One from the Wollombi, as described, 5| x 11 inches, in all
probability introduced from abroad.

Two specimens from New Caledonia, the larger one oval, pointed
at one end, broader and rounded at the other, much flattened, with
a rather sharp cutting edge all round, measuring 7x4 inches ;
the smaller one is similar in form, but is oval, measuring 3i inches
wide by 4 inches in length, made from pale green cracked pieces
of turpentine.

Two fine hatchets from Canala, New Caledonia, these are
flattened discs of transparent greenstone with a very sharp cutting
edge all round, ranging from 7J to 6 inches in diameter. These
two specimens have wooden handles attached about 18 inches long
bound round with a soft cordage made from the fur of the flying
fox and dyed dark crimson, the end ornamented by shells ; there
are two holes drilled through the stone about 1 J inches from the
edge, and the handle is fastened to the stone by strong cordage
passed through the holes.

Two from New Zealand ; one consists of a flattened oval piece
of greenstone with a cutting edge all round, obtusely pointed at
either end, rounded at the tips, measuring 11 inches long and 5
inches wide. The other a very perfect spatulate shaped meri,
about 13 inches long, 3£ inches broad at blade, having a handle
with a hole drilled through.

Two from Sir George Grey's Island, New Zealand, a pale gray
ragstone, flattish, elongated, somewhat rectangular at the cutting
edge which is bevelled to one face, the sides are also squared, the
attached end is slightly narrower and left in the rough.

Three large broad axes from New Guinea, the stone blade of
which measures about 15 inches long by 6 inches at the cutting
edge, and tapering to the end attached to the handle to about

28 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEA 1 ? SOCIETY

3 inches, when it is rounded off ; it is a flat smooth elongated stone
widest at the cutting edge, which is central and rounded, and con •
tinuous with the sides of the stone, which are sharply bevelled off.
These blades are set in an elbow shaped handle bent at rather an
acute angle, one of the limbs being shortened and spilt to receive
the blade, which is secured by being firmly bound round with thin
cane, the point of the elbow is produced to a long point about
10 inches and ornamently carved. The blade in these fine
specimens is always set obliquely from the long arm of the handle.
Three small adzes, the heads of which measuring 3£ x 2 inches,
of roughish flattened stone, the cutting surface is confined to
one end, the inner face concave the outer convex, making the
cutting edge arched. These stones taper towards the attached
end which is left in the rough ; they are fastened to a short
kind of elbow shaped handle by a strongly platted bracelet of
cane.

Three from the Fiji Isles also attached to elbowed handles, but
made from thicker pieces of wood, the stone being fastened by a
twine of platted cocoanut fibre. The stone portion of these varies
in length from 6 to 9 inches, and from 1^ to 2 inches in breadth,
they are long, narrow, slightly fastened stones of nearly an equal
width throughout, the cutting edge is confined to the unattached
end which is slightly narrowed round laterally.

Six specimens from the Solomon Group of Isles, four of which
are from Florida Isles; these last vary in length from 5 1 to 3
inches, they are elongated triangles, the base of the triangle being
formed by the cutting edge, which is curved and rounded from
side to side, and formed on the outer surface of the stone, being
very much bevelled off from within ; the whole surface is smooth
and polished, flattened laterally, with blunt rounded edges. Those
from the other Solomon Isles differ only in being narrower and
longer, measuring in length about seven inches.

Two from the Loyalty Isles, very similar in form and general
appearance to the last, but contracted above the cutting edge,
and about an inch longer and broader at the cutting edge, which
is also slightly more central.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 29

Some twenty other specimens were exhibited from various isles
in the South Seas, the exact localities of which have not yet been
determined.

One specimen from Ambrym Isle, New Hebrides Group, similar
in shape to those from Florida Isles, but shorter and broader at
the cutting edge, made from the shell of the tridochna.

One remarkable specimen was also exhibited by Mr. Markey,
it was a stone about a foot in length, almost round, with a cutting
edge at either end, and to the centre was fastened a handle of
strong true cane ; its locality is said to be New Zealand, but from
the nature of the cane handle appears to be doubtful.

Three fine specimens of what are known as gubba gubbas —
these consist of circular discs of stone about 7 inches in diameter
and about 2| inches from side to side, through which a round
hole is bored, and into this hole a wooden handle about three feet
long is fixed ; the circumference of the stone is ground to a sharp
edge all round.

Two fine spears about ten feet long, to the end of which has
attached a piece of sharp pointed flint of about ten inches long.

MONDAY, 31st MAY, 1875.

"W. J. Stephens, Esq., M.A., in the Chair.

NEW MEMBERS PROPOSED.

The Honorable Leopold Fane de Salis, M.L.C. ; E. O. Moriarty,
Esq., Engineer of Rivers, &c. ; Captain Eldred ; The Rev. J. V.
Atkin, M.A. ; H. Prendergast, Esq. ; and Dr. Tarrant, Kiama.

MEMBERS ELECTED.

A. R. Fraser, Esq., New England.

30 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

MONDAY, 28th JUNE, 1875.

J. C. Cox, Esq., M.D., in the Chair.

MEMBERS ELECTED.

The Honorable Leopold Fane cle Salis ; E. 0. Moriarty, Esq. ;
Captain Eldrecl ; The Eev. J. V. Atkin, M.A. ; R. Prendergast,
Esq. ; and Dr. Tarrant, Kiama.

MONDAY, 26th JULY, 1875,

The Honorable L. F. de Salis in the Chair.

NEW MEMBERS PROPOSED.

Thomas Francis, Esq., C.E. ; C. H. Hawkes, Esq.

Mr. E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S,, read the following paper descriptive
of a new species of TricTioglossus.

Trichoglossus. ( GlossopsittaJ amabilis.

Adult Male. — Forehead (all above a stoaight line from the eye
to the nostril) and the whole of the upper surface bright green,
darker on the wings and tail, brightest on the rump and upper
tail coverts, but having a slight olive-green tinge on the upper
wing coverts, interscapular region and back ; the first primary
quill, the tips and all but a narrow green margin to the outer webs
of the remaining quills, blackish brown ; the inner webs of the
secondaries and concealed portions of the wing coverts blackish
brown ; primaries and secondaries below, and the outer series of
the under wing-coverts, dark brown, the first two secondaries
having a faint spot of yellow near the base of their inner webs,
being visible only on the under surface ; the remainder of the
under wing-coverts and margins of the shoulders bright green, of

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 31

the same tint as the under surface of the body ; lores (all below a
straight well-defined line from the eye to the nostril), cheeks, and
throat blight vivid crimson, bounded below by a crescent-shaped
band across the chest of bright yellow, which reaches to the sides
of the lower neck ; legs bright vivid crimson, with a few feathers
of bright yellow, and of violet at the thighs ; under tail-coverts
green, tinted with yellow near the base ; round the vent a small
patch of crimson feathers, and a few tinged with violet ; ear-
coverts, sides of the neck, lower part of the chest, and the
remainder of the under surface bright green ; two or three yellow
feathers on the sides of the chest under the wings in some speci-
mens, and a few of crimson and of yellow scattered over the
abdomen ; the central portion of most of the feathers on the
abdomen tinged with yellow ; tail above dark green, below blackish
brown ; the terminal third portion of all the feathers yellow ; on
the inner webs, near the base of the three external quills, on either
side is a large oblong blotch of bright crimson, margined below
with pale yellow. Bill and cere, orange red ; tip of upper and
lower mandibles dark horn colour ; orbits orange yellow ; tarsus
and feet flesh red. Total length G'7 inches; wing 3 - 6 ; tarsus,
046 ; tail 3-25 ; bill 0-5 ; culmen 0-35.

Adult Female. — Similar in size and markings to the male, but
less highly coloured ; the tail not so extensively tipped with
yellow, and only an indication of the yellow band across the chest ; ♦
the four exterior tail feathei's on either side are blotched with
crimson, as in the male, the crimson being more distinctly mar-
gined near the base and sides with yellow, but, as in the male,
confined to the inner webs of the feathers. The abdomen and less
are less ornamented with crimson and yellow, no yellow spot a.t
the base of the secondaries as described in the male. Total length
6-5 ; tail 3-05 ; wing 3-6.

Habitat, Ovalau, Fiji Group, S. S. Islands.

Remarks. — This very beautiful species was found at Ovalau by
Mr. Charles Pearce, who was fortunate enough to procure both
sexes from a large tree bearing bunches of yellow blooms, from
which they extracted a honey-like fluid ; they had not previously
made their appearance, and only remained while the tree was in

d2 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

flower. The flock consisted of about thirty individuals, the
stomach contained nothing but the fluid extracted from the
blossoms, and a little pollen from the stamens of the flowers.

This species differs very little from those of the genus Tricho-
glossus and its sub-genus Glossopsitta, except perhaps in the
proportionably greater length of the tail, and the relative length
of the tibia and tarsus, as will be seen by the accompanying
measurements : —

Average sized specimen of O. Australis : Total length, 5 -8
inches; wing 3-S ; tail 2-3; tibia 1-05; tarsus, 0-4. T. (G.)
amabilis : Total length 6-7 inches ; wing 5-0 ; tail 3*25 ; tibia
115 ; tarsus 046.

MONDAY, 30th AUGUST, 1S75.

The Honorable L. F. de Salis in the Chair.

NEW MEMBER PROPOSED.

W. H. Drake, Esq.

MEMBERS ELECTED.

Thomas Francis, Esq., C.E. ; C. H. Hawkes, Esq.

MONDAY, 27th SEPTEMBER, 1875.
"W. J. Stephens, Esq., M.A. in the Chair.

MEMBER ELECTED.

W. H. Drake, Esq.

Mr. Ramsay read some notes on an Entomostracous Crustacean,
(Lepidurus viridis) which had been sent for identification, and also
exhibited and gave the following description of a new genus and
species of marsupial.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 33

Description of a new genus and Species of Eat Kangaroo, allied
to the genus Hypsiprymnus, proposed to be called Hypsi-
prymnodon moschatus, byE. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S., CM. Z.S.,
Curator of the Australian Museum, Sydney.

I had provisionally placed this animal, on account of its dental
formula and the formation of its premolai-s, in the genus Hypsi-
prymnus, from which, however, it must be separated, as will be
seen from the following remarks ; and on account of these peculiari-
ties and differences, I have formed for its reception the new genus
I now propose to call Hypsiprymnodon, which may be thus charac-
terised : —

Hy

PSIPRYMNODON.

Gen.

Nov.

Incisors

3-
1-

-3
-1

Canines

1-
0-

-1

-0

Premolars

1-
1-

-1
-1

Molars

4-

4-

-4

-4

Skull very similar to that, of Hypsiprymnus, but more elongated
anteriorly, the distance between the premolars and canines, and
between the canines and third incisor, comparatively greater than
in either Hypsiprymnus or Betongia ; angular process of mandible
broad and rounded, the ascending of ramus short, rather wide, not
much longer than the condyloid, which is also comparatively
short ; the posterior palatine openings confluent, narrow, acute
anteriorly, the anterior margins meeting the exterior-lateral at an
acute angle, curved outwards and reaching to opposite the posterior
margin of the premolars ; anterior palatine openings linear, some-
what oval, twisted, acute posteriorly, (the posterior and basal
portions of the skull have been cut away).

The teeth are identical with those of Betongia and Hypsiprymnus,
with these differences ; the premolar narrower and placed more
obliquely in the jaws — the canines small and feeble ; incisors long,
narrow, rounded externally. The fore feet of five toes, regular,
hand-like, last two joints of the toes scaly, the nails small and

34 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

weak ; the second and fourth toes nearly equal, the third only a
little longer than the second, the fifth a little longer than the first,
which is the shortest ; wrists and first joints of the toes covered
with short stiff hairs. The hind feet long, slender, of five toes,
the first (thumb) placed far behind, well developed, nearly as long
as the fifth or outer toe, second and third conjoined, as in all the
kangaroos, in length equal to the outer ; the fourth longest, about
one-third longer than the outer toe ; all except the first (thumb)
covered with hair, and having short weak nails ; ears large,
rounded, bare within, clothed with short hair at the base, on the
outside margins nearly bare ; tail about half the length of the body,
about an inch of the base clothed with hair, the remainder naked,
scaly, intermixed with a few short minute hairs.

Hypsiprymnodon moschatus. Sp. jVo».

All the upper surface of the body clothed with close and rather
stiff fur, of a rich golden colour, mixed with black, the base of the
hairs being of a dull dark wood-brown, the remainder yellow and
black barred ; head, face, and lower parts of the legs, dark
brownish grey — the hairs brown at base, barred with black and
white, and being much shorter than on the back — feet and hands
dark chocolate-brown, tail blackish brown, with a lead-coloured
tinge — along the centre of the throat and chest to the abdomen, a
few patches of white. The sexes are alike in colouration, and
emit a strong odour of musk. The young of a more golden hue,
and less white on the under parts ; irides dark hazel — nostrils
blackish — tips naked. Total length of adults 12 inches, tail 6
inches ; fore feet 09 inch, hind feet from ankle T8 inch. Habitat :
The dense brushes and scrubs in the Rockingham Bay district. I
first met with this highly interesting and anomalous marsupial,
while on a visit to the Herbert Kiver in January, 1874, where it
inhabits the dense and damp portions of the scrubs which fringe
the rivers and clothe the sides of the coast range in that district.
The animal is by no means rare, yet from its retiring habits and
dense nature of the parts frequented by it, is at all times difficult
to obtain. Its habits are chiefly diurnal, and its actions when not
disturbed by no means ungraceful ; it progresses in much the same

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 35

manner as the kangaroo rats {HypsiprymnusJ, to which it is closely
allied, bnt procures its food by turning over the debris in the
scrubs in search of insects, worms, and tuberous roots, frequently
eating the palm berries (Ptychospeema alexandce) which it holds in
its fore paws after the manner of the phalangers sitting up on its
haunches, or sometimes digging like the bandicoots (Perameles).
Seldom more than one or two are found together, unless accom-
panied by the young. In March, 1874, I obtained from Mr. K.
Broadbent, a female with two young in the pouch, very small, and
resembling young bandicoots. During the same month a half-
grown young one was shot in company with the adult male and
female. They evidently breed during the rainy season, which lasts
from February to May. In the young the white marking of the
under surface is not so extensive, but the fur of the upper surface
is of a more golden hue than in the adults. Both sexes have a
strong although not disagreeable odour of musk, which appears to
be stronger in the female. Their range of habitant extends over
the whole of the scrubs of the Rockingham Bay district, and
doubtless as far north as the Daintree River. Mr. Spalding did
not obtain any during a recent visit to the Endeavour River.*

Specimens of an annulose animal resembling Planaria were
exhibited. They were sent by Mr. Icely of Coombing, and were
found in his garden.

DONATION.

Four volumes of the "Flora Australiensis " were received aa
a donation from the Colonial Secretary, making, with the two
previously presented, the entire number as yet published.

* I found this species well-known to many of the settlers in the district ; but I am
chiefly indebted to Mr. Broadbent's energies for the specimens in my collection.

36 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

MONDAY, 25th OCTOBEE, 1875.

William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.

NEW MEMBERS PROPOSED.

Hugh Kennedy, Esq., University ; A. Dodds, Esq. ; Francis
Lark, Esq., Sydney.

The President read the following paper, entitled Notes on
the Zoological Collections made in Torres Straits and
New Guinea during the Cruise of the "Chevert."

It is now five months since I took my departure from Sydney
for a few months' cruise among the Islands of New Guinea and
Torres Straits. I was accompanied, as you are aware, by Mr.
Masters and Mr. Brazier, both members of our society, and I had,
besides, with me, two very competent taxidermists and collectors — -
Messrs. Spalding and Pettard. The results of the expedition I
hope to be able to exhibit to you in a few weeks, upon the arrival
of the " Chevert," now on her way from Cape York. In the
meantime I have jotted down, from memory, a few notes and
observations, which, I trust, will not be altogether uninteresting
to you.

The mammals of New Guinea are, almost without exception,
marsupial ; the exceptions are, the New Guinea pig — Sus Papu-
ensis, which seems very abundant, and is frequently domesticated ;
a small breed of clog, kept in a domestic state by the natives — ■
probably a variety of the dingo of Australia ; a few muridce, and
several species of large frugiverous bats. Of course, the deer,
monkeys, and tigers of Captain Lawson exist only in imagination,
and, I think, the same may be said of the buffaloes of the Rev.
Mr. Macfarlane, the Congregational Missionary at Cape York. We
were not fortunate in procuring many of the mammals ; but,
kangaroos of various sizes and genera appeared to be abundant ;
and we saw specimens of Cuscus, Belideus, and other Phalangers.
We saw, also, a species of Parameles, but no Dasyurus, or other
carnivorous marsupial.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 37

The collection made of birds during the trip amounts to about
1000 specimens. The avifauna of New Guinea resembles, in a
great degree, that of Australia, the same genera, and often the same
species, being common to both countries ; but there is, besides, in
New Guinea, a distinctive type of birds, which more resembles the
fauna of the Dutch Archipelago. Among the most common of
the Australian forms in New Guinea is the Bee-eater — Merops
ornatus. It is, with us, only a summer visitor. It seems to com
mence its annual migration southwards as early as August.
Throughout the early part of September, I observed, or heard,
scattered flocks of from twelve to twenty of them passing the ship
at all hours of the day and night, and making direct for the main
land near Cape York. They flew low, and with anything but a
steady flight. I imagine their migration is a very slow and painful
affair, for it is generally the month of November before they reach
their breeding grounds on the Murrumbidgee.

Another summer visitor to the northern parts of Australia from
New Guinea is the Torres Straits pigeon — Myristicivora spilorrhea.
We found that it commenced its migration southwards in the
month of July ; at that time the low islands of Torres Straits were
covered with them, their favourite fruit — the date plum — being
then ripe and abundant. It is not, however, till Febniary, I am
told, that these birds reach their southern limit, about Port
Denison. The well known dollar bird Eurystomus pacificus, is
another of our summer birds which seems to winter in New
Guinea. The meilipliagidce and flycatchers of New Guinea were
mostly of common Australian genera, while the raptores and
grallatores were, in many instances, of the same species. Of the
truly Papuan Fauna, the most beautiful things we got were king-
fishers, pigeons — several species of great beauty, Scansores of
brilliant colours, and specimens of Buceros rujicoilis. A most
welcome addition to my Australian collection was made by Mr.
Masters, at the North Barnard Isles. He procured three speci-
mens of the beautiful Piilorhis Victoria, a bird which has never
yet been found anywhere else. I have also been able to add very
largely to my collection of Australian sea birds, more particularly
among the Slernidce.

38 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

The reptilia I found to be numerously represented in New
Guinea, and there are few, if any, of the Islands in the Straits,
however small, in which there were not some lizards. At Katow,
I got, by the assistance of the natives, a number of species of
snakes, lizards, and tree frogs ; the snakes all, I think, of unde-
scribed species, and, with one exception, venomous. All the
rivers swarmed with alligators, but they were not easily killed-
T got two, however, while at Katow, the largest only nine feet
long ; the species I have not yet made out. At Hall Sound I got
a huge Liasis, and at Darnley Island a species of Morelia. Some
of the lizards are of great beaut}', and all quite new to me.

My collection of fish numbers about 800, the largest portion of
them, however, from the northern coast of Australia. I found it
difficult to get the fish of New Guinea ; it was impossible to haul
the seine on the rough coral beaches ; the hook was tried, but
ineffectually, and the natives of Hall Sound, though always
catching fish, would never part with anything edible. I managed,
however, to get some very remarkable looking things. I should
say that sharks and rays are by far the most numerous tribes
of fishes in Torres Straits and the adjacent reefs. I got many
species of each. Near the muddy coast of New Guinea, the
Siluridae seem well represented. Everywhere, of course, among
the reefs Labridce of the most beautiful colours were abundant.
Of Percoid fishes, those of the division Pristopomatidce were the
most numerous, though the Squamipennes were also rather abun-
dant. I got one very curious acronurous fish, evidently of the
genus Naseus, but with the frontal horn of very great size. At
Darnley Island the ship was attended for several days by a
number of large sucking fish Echineis Remora, who adhered to
the ship's side, but let go their bold the instant anything edible
was thrown overboard. The only fish I met with, having a claim
to recognition as an article of food, is a species of large-scaled
mullet — Mugil, which abounds about Cape York, and is really
delicious.

Of marine mollusca, a very large collection has been made, so
large that I cannot give a guess even at the number and value of
the specimens. There are among them many rare and new

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 39

«

species ; these, as well as many jars full of echinodermata,
annelida, polyzoa, &c, in endless variety, were collected on the
reefs at low water, or dredged for at various depths, along the
north-east coast of Australia, and in Torres Straits, whenever
opportunity offered. But nowhere was the yield so good as at
Darnley Island. During a few days dredging there we got more
line shells and annelids than at all the other places taken together.
The collection of land shells also, chiefly from New Guinea, com-
prises many new species of Helix, &c. I cannot, I regret to say,
give you at present more detailed information in regard to these
testacean mollusks. When Mr. Brazier arrives he will be able to
furnish the fullest information on the subject to all those curious
in such matters.

The collection of " Articulata" I look upon as extremely valu-
able. The insects were chiefly collected at Cape York, Darnley
Island, and New Guinea, and in all these places there was a
general resemblance to the Polynesian fauna, and an extraor-
dinary absence of the usual Australian forms. The diurnal
lepidoptera were numerous, and in great variety. Omithoptera
pronomus was common at Cape York, and 0. Poseidon at Darnley
Island and Hall Sound. The coleoptera were, upon the whole,
rare, and difficult to get, though we managed to scrape together
several thousand specimens. Longicornia and Curculionidoz were
the most abundant. Of Lamellicornia, Phytophaga, Buprestidce,
&c,, there were few, and the almost entire absence of the carni-
vorous ground beetles was most remarkable. There are, however,
many new species among the insects of all orders, and some of
great size and beauty. Mr. Spalding cut out of one tree at Hall
Sound a dozen specimens of Batocera Wallacei — an insect of great
rarity. The collection of Arachnida was also srood.

Crustacea were got in great numbers and variety on the reefs,
in dead coral and in the dredge.

Altogether I have succeeded in getting together a vast and
valuable collection — a collection which, considering the short
time at my disposal, seems wonderful, and which affords undoubted
proof of the industry and zeal of my staff of collectors. For, it
must be remembered that, though the full time of my intended

40 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

absence from Sydney lias expired, the actual time available for the
purposes of the voyage was much less than I calculated on. The
" Chevert," though a good, dry, and comfortable ship, was unable
to sail against the wind, and it was so constantly against us during
a great part of the expedition, that I do not think we had more
than sixty days for collecting during the five months' cruise. The
laborious task of arranging, naming, and describing this very large
collection still remains to be done. I am desirous that the com-
plete zoology of the expedition should be published in this
country, and indeed, would be glad if all papers on this subject,
particularly those descriptive of new species could make their
appearance in the transactions of this society. It may, how-
ever, be a long time before some of the classes of marine animals
can be entered on. For the present, Mr. Masters, I hope, will
undertake the mammals and birds of the Expedition. Mr.
Brazier, I have no doubt, will take the testacean mollusks in
charge. I may, probably, if I have time, take in hand the
reptiles, fishes, and insects ; but, I confess, that I cannot at
present think of any one who is likely to do justice to the
Crustacea, echinodermata, annelida, polyzoa, polypifera, and other
still lower forms of animal life.

I have confined this paper to a brief notice of the zoological part
of my collection alone, but I have not neglected ethnology and
geology. As regards the botany of the Expedition, I am in hopes
that Sir W. Macarthur may communicate something to the Society
on that subject.

Mr. Masters exhibited a number of fine specimens of the
gigantic Batocera Wallacei, taken in the vicinity of Hall Sound,
New Guinea.

DONATION.

A very fine and perfect skull of a species of Xiphius was
presented to the Society by Dr. Charles M'Kay.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 41

MONDAY, 29th NOVEMBER. 1875.

William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.

MEMBERS ELECTED.

Hugh Kennedy, Esq., University; A. Dodds, Esq; Francis
Lark, Esq., Sydney.

Mr. E. P. Ramsay read the following papers : —

Characters of a new genus and species of Passerine bird, from the
Fiji Islands, proposed to be called Vitia.

This is an interesting passerine fonn, which appears to be allied
to Synallaxis on the one hand, and Troglodytes on the other. I
have not yet determined to which family of the Passeres it most
properly belongs, but for the present I place it among the Trog-
lodytes (Troglodytidoz, Sclater.) I can find no genus in any of the
woi'ks at my disposal, Grey's Genera of Birds included, into which
I can place it with any degree of certainty, and although much
averse to forming new genera, I do not see how I can possibly
avoid it, unless by leaving it for some one else to do. I therefore
propose to form, for the reception of the present species, the genus
Vitia which may be thus characterised.

Bill as long, or about the same length as the head, straight,
compai-atively strong, as wide as high at the base, compressed
laterally past the nostrils, culmen very slightly curved to the tip,
which is entire

Nostrils, lateral, basal, placed in a longitudinal groove ; the
opening oblong, partially covered with membrane ; distance
between the anterior margin of nostril and tip of the bill nearly
equal to the distance between the nostrils and angle of the mouth.

Wings, short, 1st quill about one-half the length of 2nd ; 2nd
one-fourth shorter than 3rd, which is about equal to the 9th ; the
4th, 5th, and 6th about equal and longest ; the 7th and 8th very
little less ; the remainder gradually decreasing to the innermost
secondary.

42 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

Tail, of ten feathers, long, graduated, somewhat rounded — the
lateral feathers only slightly (one-fifth) shorter than the central.

Tarsus, long, about one-third shorter than the tibia, slender,
scales obsolete ; hind toe, long, strong ; the claw equal to the
length of the toe ; lateral toes uneven, the inner shorter than the
outer, with, its claw about equal to the length of the middle wiihoit
its claw ; outer toe joined to centre toe from about the middle of
first joint.

In the formation of the wings and legs this genus resembles that
of Malurus and Sericornis.

VlTIA RUFICAPILLA, Nov. Sp.

Adult Male. — The whole of the head rufous, paler rufous on the
sides of the face ; the throat, chest and centre of the abdomen ashy
white ; the sides of the neck and of the body, light ashy brown,
becoming browner at the flanks and under tail-coverts ; tail under-
neath brown crossed by numerous indistinct narrow wavy bars of
darker tint, seen only in certain lights, above dark brown, with a
slight tinge of reddish brown or inner margins of the quills ; wings
below brown, the quills margined with whitish along the inner
webs towards the base ; under wing-coverts white, wings above dark
brown, slightly tinged with reddish brown on the outer margins
of the quills and upper wing-coverts ; lower hind neck, back and
remainder of the upper surface brown, with a slight reddish brown
tinge on the wings and upper tail-coverts. Bill dark horn-brown,
lower mandible whitish, legs and feet light brown, iris brown ;
total length, 4-8 inches ; wing, 2 - 4 ; tail, 2*5 ; tarsus, - 97 ; bill
from forehead, 0*7 ; from angle of the mouth, 072 ; from nostril,
•4 ; height at nostril, 0-2 ; width, 0-2.

Adult Female. — In size and plumage same as the male.

This species was found at Kandavau, in the Fiji group. It was
discovered in pairs traversing the more open parts on the sides of
the ranges, flitting from bush to bush, and emitting a weak mono-
syllabic note. When separated they use a rather loud call note.

OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 43

Description of a new species of Blackbird (Merula) : —

Merula ruficeps, nov. sp.

Adult Male. — The whole of the head, neck, and chest ochraceous
buff or pale rufous ; the remainder of the body, upper and under
tail-coverts, and of the wings and tail above, black ; under surface
of wings and tail blackish brown ; legs brown, lower half to the
knees buff ; bill, tarsi, and feet gamboge yellow ; iris, pale brown ;
total length 6 J inches ; wing, 4-1 ; tail, 2-7 ; bill from forehead,
0*9 ; from angle of the mouth, 1*1 ; tarsus, 1*2.

The female is similar in plumage, one specimen not quite adult
has the legs of a uniform brown colour, and is slightly larger than
the male ; total length 1\ inches ; wing 4'1 ; tail 2*9 ; tarsi 1'2 ;
bill from forehead 0-9 ; from angle of mouth l'l.

Description of a new species of Flycatcher (Rhypidura) : —

Rhypidura personata, nov.

sp.

All the upper surface brown, of a duller and darker tint on the
head and neck ; upper tail-coverts and tail blackish brown, the
outermost feathers on either side of the tail margined with white,
narrowly at the tip, and becoming only a very narrow line of white
margining the inner webs, the shafts of these feathers below white,
the next two on either side having only a very small white mark
at the apex ; wings above brown, the inner secondaries margined
on the outer webs with dull light buff, under wing-coverts brown
margined with silvery white, head and neck dark brown ; a line of
white extends from the forehead over the eye to the upper part of
the ear-coverts ; lores, ear-coverts, and a narrow line round the
eye blackish brown ; from the posterior angle of the eye over the
ear-coverts a short line of white ; throat and sides of the neck
below white ; from the centre of the throat, extending and
widening out on the chest, is a broad somewhat triangular patch of
black ; the lower part of the chest, the breast, and remainder of the
under surface of the body and under tail-coverts white ; the sides
and flanks tinged with olive-brown, more extensively in some than

44 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

in others ; bill black ; lower mandible whitish ; legs and feet dark
lead blue ; iris light brown; total length, 6*2 inches; wing, 3*2 ;
tail, 3*75 ; tarsus, 04 ; bill from gape, 0*55 ; from forehead, 0*4 ;
from nostril, 03.

The sexes are alike in plumage, but the female appears to have
a greater extent of olive-brown on the flanks and sides.

In actions and habits they closely resemble the R. albiscapa of
New South Wales, being seldom seen in the " opens," usually
confining themselves to the dense brushes and thickly wooded parts.

The above described new species were discovered by Mr. Charles
Pearce in the Fiji Islands ; and now form part of the magnificent
collection at Elizabeth Bay. I am indebted to Mr. William
Macleay, F.L.S., for the privilege of describing these new and
interesting forms.

Mr. Brazier exhibited six rare species of Cyproea ( Walkeri,
staphyloma, limacina, miliaris, quadrimaculata, and asellus) from
Darnley Island, and a new Helix from Hall Sound, New Guinea.

MONDAY, 27th DECEMBER, 1875.

*
William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Masters communicated the following Paper : —

ZOOLOGY OF THE " CHE VEBT."— ORNITHOLOGY.

Part I.

I have been requested by Mr. Macleay to undertake the
identification and description of the Birds collected during the
voyage of the " Chevert" on the north-east coast of New Holland,
and the southern shores of New Guinea, during the months of
June, July, August, and September of this year.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 45

I believe that I shall be consulting the convenience of Orni-
thologists, by making separate lists of the Australian and New
Guinea Birds. Accordingly, this part will be limited to the
Bii-ds of Australia, including amongst them all those which were
collected on the islands of, and in Torres Straits.

1. Haliastur leucosternus, Gould.

One male, Brook Island. Seen occasionally in Torres Straits,
also at New Guinea.

2. — Leucospiza nov^e hollandi;e, Gmelin.

One female, Cape York. A very fine specimen, and the only
one seen.

3. — Astur approximans, Vigors and Horsfield.

One male, and two females, Cape York.

The male differs from the females, by having all the under
surface finely and transversely barred, and by the collar showing
much more distinct.

4. — Hieracoglaux connivens, Latham.
One male, Cape York.

5. — PODARGUS PHAL^ENOIDES, Gould.

One female, Cape York. A very fine and beautifully marked
specimen.

6. — PODARGUS GOULDI. i\T. Sp.

General plumage of a pale marbled grey, plume at base of bill
large and erect, the central feathers rounded and tipped with
white, a narrow line extending from the base of the bill to the
upper part of the eye, and another beneath the eye white ;
feathers of the occiput, back of the neck, and partially of the back
with the centre black, and tip white ; entire under surface of a
lighter colour than the upper, and marked with long narrow
stripes of brownish black ; these marks being larger and more
distinct on the chest ; primaries above dark brown, with numerous
bands of white ; beneath of a lighter colour, the bands becoming

46 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

obsolete towards the extremity ; coverts of the same character as
the feathers of the back, but with larger blotches of white, forming
two indistinct bands along the wing ; under coverts white ; tail of
average length, marked throughout with narrow black fasciae ;
these bands becoming oblique in the two central feathers, and
alternate ; the shafts of the central feathers brown above, and
white below, of the others black above and brown below ; bill
brown, with the base of the upper mandible at the gape yellow ;
legs and feet robust, and of a dark leaden hue.

Total length, 14 inches and 7 tenths ; wing, 8-75 ; tail, 6*9 ;
tarsi. 11 ; middle toe, without the claw, 1-45 ; bill from forehead,
1-7 ; bill from angle of the mouth, 2*6 ; width across angle of the
mouth, 2-2.

One male, Gulf of Carpentaria, obtained from Mr. Broadbent.

This fine and distinct species might at first sight be taken for a
light coloured variety of P. phal&noides ; but the legs and feet are
much more robust than in that species. I give the measurements
of the middle toe (without the claw) of both, to show the great
difference that exists. P. Qouldi, 1-45; P. jphalcenoides, 1-05.

I name this species after John Gould, Esq., F.B.S., the well-
known author of our best works on Ornithology.

7 — Podargus papuensis, Quoy and Oaimard.

Two males and three females, Cape York.

No two specimens of the five obtained are alike ; they vary in
colour from a light grey to a sandy buff.

8. — Eurostopodus GUTTATUS, Vigors and Horsfield.
One female, Gulf of Carpentaria. Obtained from Mr. Broadbent.

9. — Caprimulgus macrurus, Horsfield.
One male, Brook Island.

10. — Cypselus terr^e regin^e, Ramsay.

Two males and one female, Fitzroy Island.

Seen in considerable numbers ; towards evening they all left for
the main land, keeping at a great height.

OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 47

11. — Hylochelidon nigricans, Vigors.
Two males. Cape York.

This common Sydney swallow appears to be rare towards the
north, as it was only seen upon two or three occasions.

12. — Merops ornatus, Latham.
Two females, Cape York. Common everywhere.

13. — Dacelo cervina, Oould.

One female, Gulf of Carpentaria. Obtained from Mr. Broadbent.

Examples of this bird were seen at Cape Grenville and Cape
York. Its excessive shyness prevented any possibility of getting
within shooting distance.

14. — Todiramphus SANCTUS, Vigors and Eorsfield.

One male and two females, Palm Island ; one male and one
female, Cape Grenville ; one male and one female, Cape
York ; one female, Dungeness Island ; one female, Bet
Island; one male, Darnley Island.

Very widely distributed, and seen everywhere, New Guinea
included.

15. — Todiramphus sordidus, Gould.

One male, Cape York ; two males, Dungeness Island; four
males and four females, Long Island.

Common on Dungeness and Long Islands, where it frequents
the dense mangroves.

16. — CYANALCYON Macleayi, Jardine and Selby.

One female, Fitzroy Island ; one male and one female, Cape
York.

Cape York appears to be its most northern limit, as it was not
observed upon any of the islands in Torres Straits.

17. — Syma flavhiostris, Gould.
One male and one female, Cape York.

48 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

18. — Alcyone pusilla, Temminck.

Two males and three females, Long Island, Torres Straits,
Found in the same situations as Todiramphus sordidus, not
uncommon, but very shy, and difficult to get.

19.— ARTAMUS ALBIVENTRIS, Gould.

One male and one felmale, Gulf of Carpentaria. Obtained
from Mr. Broadbent.

20. — Artamus leucopygialis, Gould.

Two males and two females, Cape Grenville : one female, Cape
York. Common at both places.

21. — Cracticus Quoyi, Lesson.

One male and two females, Cape York.

Frequents the dense thickets, and is extremely shy and wary ;
it was also seen on the Barnard Isles.

22. — Graucalus melanops, Latham.

One male, Palm Island ; one young female, Sue Island ; and

and one young female, Cape York.
Seen occasionally at the different Islands through the Straits,
but rare, and wary.

23. — Graucalus hypoleucus, Gould.

One male and one female, Palm Island ; one male, Cape York ;
one young female, Cape Grenville.

24. — Campephaga Karu, Lesson.

One male and one female, Palm Island ; one male and three
females, Cape York.

25. — Pachycephala melanura, Gould.

Six males and three females, Cape Grenville ; two males,
Darnley Island ; one female, Long Island ; one female, Bet
Island.

This species frequents the dense brushes and mangroves, and
was observed upon all the wooded Islands visited in Torres Straits.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 49

The female appears to be unknown to Mr. Gould, a description is
therefore given. The female has the head and neck slaty grey ;
back, upper tail coverts, and the basal half of the tail, dark olive
green ; apical half black, tipped with brown, circle surrounding the
eye, light brown ; throat dull white, freckled with grey ; "chest
dark brown ; the remainder of the under surface, and under tail
coverts, deep yellow lightly washed with buff ; basal half of the
bill dark brown, becoming almost black towards the tip ; legs and
feet bluish lead colour ; irides brown. Total length, 6- inches ;
wing, 3 - 35 ; tail, 2'7 ; tarsi, - 9 ; bill from forehead, 0-65 ; bill
from gape, 0.8.

In his Handbook, Mr. Gould says : — -" Whenever this sex is
collected it will be found to bear a very general resemblance to the
females of P. gutturalis, and P. glaucura."

I thought a description woidd be acceptable, as it is so totally
different from either.

This species appears to have a pretty wide range ; we first
fell in with it at Cape Grenville, afterwards at Cape York, and
throughout all the wooded Islands in Torres Straits.

'a

26. — Pachycephela robusta. N. Sp.

All the upper surface slaty grey, gradually passing into olive
green, the green becoming more distinct on the rump and upper
tail coverts ; throat lightish grey, almost white, each feather with
a transverse line of a darker colour ; chest brown, slightly tinted
with yellow ; abdomen, flanks, and under tail coverts, pale yellow,
lightly washed with buff ; primaries blackish brown, margined on
their outer webs with light grey ; secondaries of the same colour,
mai-gined with rufous ; tail above olive green, beneath of a lighter
hue, and showing indistinct wavy transverse fasciae ; bill dark
brown ; legs and feet blackish brown. Total length, 6-8 inches ;
wing, 3-4 ; tail, 2-8 ; tarsi, 0*9 ; bill from forehead, 0-75.

This bird bears a very general resemblance to the female of
P. melanura, but it is altogether a nmch larger and more robust
species, and the bill is also very much larger.

One female, shot at Cape York in a dense mangrove swamp,
and the only one seen.

50 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE L1NNEAN SOCIETY

27. — Colluricincla superciliosa (male). JV. Sp.

All the upper surface slaty grey ; lores, a broad line extending
from the nostrils and over the eye, throat, centre of the abdomen,
and under tail coverts, white ; feathers of the throat with a dark
line down their centres ; under tail coverts slightly washed with
brown ; breast grey ; flanks rather lighter, and tinged with rufous ;
wings brown, margined with grey ; tail grey ; shafts of the feathers
brown above, white beneath ; bill black ; legs and feet bluish
black ; irides very dark hazel. Total length, 9*9 inches, wing, 5 ;
tail, 4-2; tarsi, 1*2; bill from forehead, 1-1 ; bill from gape, l'l.

One specimen only, of this very distinct species, was shot at
Cape Grenville by Dr. James.

28. — Colluricincla parvula, Gould.

Six males and one female, Cape York ; one female, Cape
Grenville ; one male and two females, Palm Island.

29.— Chibia bracteata, Gould.
Two males, Palm Island ; one male, Brook Island.
Common at both places, and throughout all the wooded Islands
in Torres Straits.

30. — Manucodia Gouldi, G. R. Gray.

Two males, one female, and three young, Cape York.
A very noisy bird, and pretty plentiful in the brushes about
Somerset.

31. — Rhipidura rufifrons, Latham.

One male and two females, Cape York.

Frequents the brushes, and is far from being common.

32. — Rhipidura isura, Gould.

One young female, Gulf of Carpentaria. Obtained from Mr.
Broadbent.

33. — Piezorhynchus nitldus, Gould.
Four males and four females, Cape York ; one female, Dun-

geness Island ; one female, Long Island.
Inhabits the dense mangroves and thickets.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 51

34 — Arses Kaupi, Gould.
One male, Cape York. The only one seen.

35. — Myiagra plumbea, Vigors and Horsjield.

One male, Percy Island No. 2 ; one female, Albany Island •
two males and one female, Darnley Island ; three males,
one young male, and one female, Cape York.

36. M AGRA LATIROSTRIS, Oould.

One female, Cape Grenville ; one male, Long Island ; two males

and two females, Cape York.
Inhabits the dense mangroves, is rare, and difficult to obtain.

37. — Mach^erirhynchus flaviventer, Gould.
One male and one female, Cape York.

38. MlCR(ECA assimilis, Gould.

One male, Gulf of Carpentaria. Obtained from Mr. Broadbent.

39. — Micrceca flavigaster, Gould.

One male and one female, Dungeness Island ; one female, Long

Island.
Rare, and inhabits thickets.

40. — Monarcha trivtrgata, Temminch.
One male, Palm Island.

41. — Monarcha albiventris, Gould.

Three males, three females, and five young in different stages of

plumage, Cape York ; two males, one female, and one

young, Darnley Island ; two males, one female, and one

young, Sue Island ; one male, Cape Grenville.

Common at Cape York, and all through the Islands in Torres

Straits.

42.— Gerygone person ata, Gould.

Three males, one young male, and three females, Cape York.
The female differs from the male by having all the under surface
yellow, and in wanting the black markings about the head.

52 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LTNNEAN SOCIETY

43. — Gerygone simplex, N. Sj>.

All the upper surface, and ear coverts, light brown ; lores, and
a spot behind the eye, blackish brown ; a line from the nostrils
over the eye, a spot beneath the eye, throat, centre of abdomen,
and under tail covei-ts white ; sides of the chest light grey ;
remainder of the under surface of a very light buffy white ;
primaries and secondaries dark or blackish brown, margined with
light grey ; tail above, for two-thirds of its distance from the base,
black, the two central feathers dark brown ; the outer feathers
with a pai't of the external, and a large patch not quite reaching
the extreme tip of the internal webs, white ; the remainder of the
tail feathers with a patch of white on their inner webs, this patch
gradually diminishing in size towards the two central ones ;
beneath the tail the black becomes much paler, and is crossed by
four or five transverse wavy fascia? ; bill, and feet, black. Total
length, 3-9 ; wing, 2-1 ; tail, 1-6 ; tarsi, 065 ; bill from forehead,
0'5 ; from gape, - 55.

One male and one female, Gulf of Carpentaria. From Mr.
Broadbent.

This species can be readily distinguished from G. magnirostris
(its nearest ally) by the white line from the nostrils over the eye,
by the large white patches in the tail, and by the under mandible
being jet black, and not pearl-white at the base.

The sexes are alike in plumage.

44 — Drymodes superciliaris, Gould.
One male, Cape York.

45. — EOPSALTRIA LEUCURA, Gould.

Two males, Cape Grenville ; two males and one female, Cape

York.
Frequents the dense mangrove swamps, very rare, and difficult
to obtain.

46. — Malurus amabilis, Gould.
Malurus Tiypoleucos, Gould.
Three males and three females, Cape York.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 53

Mr. Gould described the female of amabilis as a distinct species,
under the name of hypoleucos. I had ample opportunities of
observing them at Cape York, and pronounce them as identical
without the slightest hesitation.

47. — Malurus cruentatus, Oould.

One male, Cape York ; one male and one female, Gulf of Car-
pentaria. From Mr. Broadbent.

48. — Malurus Lamberti, Vigors and Horsfield.

One male and one female, Gulf of Carpentaria. Obtained from
Mr. Broadbent.

This may, perhaps, prove to be a distinct species, as it differs
slightly in hue from Sydney specimens ; for the present I look upon
it as a local variety.

49. — Cisticola lineocapilla, Gould.
One male, Gulf of Carpentaria. From Mr. Broadbent.

50. — Sericornis brunneopygius, A t . Sp.

All the upper surface very dark brown, becoming rufous on the
rump, and upper tail covex-ts, tail, lores, and ear coverts, dark
brown ; a line commencing at the nostrils, and passing over the
eye, and a line beneath the eye white ; centre of the forehead and
a narrow line passing over the white, black ; throat dull white,
slightly striated with blackish brown ; sides of the chest light
brown ; the under surface, and under tail coverts bufly white ;
wings and tail dark brown, inclining to rufous ; spurious wing
coverts black, largely tipped with white ; bill brown above,
lighter beneath ; legs and feet flesh colour. Total length of
male, 4'4 ; wing, 2-45 ; tail, 1.75 ; tarsi. 0-75 ; bill from forehead,
0.6 ; from gape, 0-G5.

The female is rather smaller than the male, and the black and
white markings of the head are less distinct,

This species can be readily distinguished from S. la-viy aster, by
the uniform colour of the tail.

54 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

Four males and three females, Cape York.

Common in the brushes about Cape York, where it has evidently
been overlooked by previous collectors.

51. — BATHILDA RUFICAUDA, Gould

Two males, Gulf of Carpentaria. Obtained from Mr. Broadbent,

52. — DONACOLA CASTANEOTHORAX, Gould.

One young, Cape York.

Very common about the settlement at Somerset. ISTo finches
were seen upon any of the islands in Torres Straits.

53. — Pitta strepitans, Temminch

One female, Palm Island.

This is the most northern locality, I believe, that this species
has been obtained.

54. — Pitta simillima, Gould
One male and one female, Bet Island.

55. MlMETA AFFINIS, Gould.

One male and five females, Cape York ; one female, Cape
Grenville ; one female, Sue Island.

56. — MlMETA FLAVOCINCTA, Vigors and Eorsjield.

Two males and one female, Cape Grenville ; seven males and
nine females, Cape York. The young are much brighter in
colour than the adults. Yery common in the brushes about
Cape York.

57. — Sphecotheres flaviventris, Gould.

One female, Palm Island ; ten males, two young males, and
four females, Cape York.

58. — CORVUS AUSTRALIS, Gmelin.

One male, Percy Island, No. 2.

59. — Calornis metallica, Gould.
Five males and two females, Cape York.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 55

60. — Glyciphila SUBFASCIATA, Ramsay.

Five males and four females, Capft York.

61. — Stigmatops ocularis, Gould.

One male, Cape Grenville.

62.— Ptilotis versicolor, Gould.

Four males and four females, Cape Grenville ; one female,
Barrow Island ; one male and one female, Long Island ;
three males and one female, Dungeness Island.

63. — Ptilotis filigera, Gould.

Six males and six females, Cape York.

64. — Ptilotis notata, Gould.

Three males and five females, Cape York ; two males and one
female, Cape Grenville ; one male and two females,
Darnley Island.

Common at Cape York, all the wooded island in Torres Straits,
and New Guinea.

65. — CONOPHILA RUFIGULARIS, Gould.

One female, Gulf of Carpentaria. Obtained from Mr. Broad-
bent.

66. — Tropidorhynchus BUCEROIDES, Swainson.

One male and one female, Palm Islands ; one female, Cape
Grenville ; four males, and one female, Cape York.

67. — Myzomela erythrocephala, Gould.

Six males and two females, Cape York ; six males and one
female, Long Island ; one young male, Warrior Island.

During the month of June this pretty species was very numerous
about Cape York, where it frequented the high mangroves ; it
also appeared to be very common throughout the islands in Torres
Straits.

68. — -Myzomela pectoralis, Gould.
One male, Cape York.

56 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

69. — Myzomela. obscura, Gould.
Three males and two females, Cape York.

70. — Melithreptus albogularis, Gould.
Two males and one female, Cape York.

71. — Dicteum hirundinaceum, Latham.
Three males, Cape York.

72. — Nectarinia australis, Gould.
One male, Palm Island ; four males and one female, Cape
Grenville ; one female, Albany Island ; one male and one
female, Cape York ; three males and one female, Sue
Island ; one male, Warrior Island.

73. — Zosterops ramsayi, (male) iV. Sp.

Crown of the head, neck, throat, wings, rump, and under tail
coverts, greenish yellow ; lores, and a line beneath the eye black ;
back and chest, bluish grey ; abdomen light grey, passing into very
light butt' on the flanks ; eyes surrounded by a very large zone of
white feathers ; primaries and secondaries, browuish black, mar-
gined on their outer webs with yellow ; beneath, on their inner
webs, with white ; tail, brown, margined with yellow ; legs and
feet, bluish grey ; upper mandible, brownish black ; under mandible,
horn colour ; irides, brown. Total length, 4-4; wing, 2-4; tail,
1*75 ; tarsi, 0*65 ; bill from forehead, 0*5 ; from gape, 0-6.

Two specimens of this very tine and distinct species were shot
by Spalding and myself, on Palm Island ; although they appeared
to be tolerably numerous, we found it very difficult to obtain
specimens, as they frequented the highest trees in the dense
scrubs. The very large zone of white feathers surrounding the
eye, will always serve to distinguish this from all other Australian
species.

I name this species after Edward P. Ramsay, Esq., F.L.S.,
Curator of the Sydney Museum.

74. — Zosterops flavogularis (male), iV*; Sp.
All the upper surface dull greenish yellow ; lores, and a line
beneath the eye black ; eyes surrounded by a narrow zone of

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 57

white feathers ; forehead, throat, and under tail coverts, bright
yellow ; chest, very light grey ; abdomen of a lighter colour, and
with a streak of pale yellow down the centre ; flanks, light buff,
darker in the male ; primaries brown, margined for two thirds of
their length with yellow, and becoming whitish towards the tips ;
legs and feet, bluish e;rey ; upper mandible, black ; lower black at
the tip ; lighter at the base ; irides, dark brown. Total length,
4 "65 ; wing, 2 - 3 ; tail, 1*9 ; tarsi, 0-7 ; bid from forehead, 0.5 ;
from gape, - 57

One male and one female, Cape Grenville ; five males and three
females, Sue Island ; one female, Bet Island ; one female,
Warrior Island ; one male, Darnley Island ; common at
Cape Grenville, and throughout all the wooded islands in
Torres Straits.
This species can be readily distinguished from Z. luieus, by its
pale under surface.

75. — Ptilorhis Victorle, Gould.

One adult male, one young male, and one female, Barnard
Isles.

76. — Craspedophora MAGNIFTCA, Vigors.

One adult male, one young male, and three females, not fully
adult, Cape York.

77. — Mesocalius osculans, Gould.
One female, Gulf of Carpentaria. From Mr. Broadbent.

78. — Lamprococcyx minutillus, Gould.
One female, Cocoanut Island.

79. — Centropus macrourus, Gould.

One male and one female, Palm Island ; one male, Albany
Island ; two females, Gulf of Oarpentai'ia. Obtained from
Mr. Broadbent.

80. — Cacatua galerita, Latham.
One male, Fitzroy Island.

58 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

81. — Cacatua sanguinea, Gould.
Two males, Gulf of Carpentaria. Obtained from Mr. Broadbent.

82. — Calyptorhynciius macrorhynchus, Gould.

One male and one female, Gulf of Carpentaria. Obtained from
Mr. Broadbent.

83. — MlCROGLOSSUM ATERR1MUM, Gmelin.
One male, Cape York.

84. — Trichoglossus multicolor, Gmelin.

One female, Balm Island ; four males and four females, Cape
York.

85. — Btilinopus Swainsonii, Gould.

One male, Cape Grenville ; three males and three females, Cape
York ; one female, and one young, Sue Island ; one male,
Darnley Island.

Common throughout all the wooded Islands in Torres Straits.

86. — Megaloprepia assimilis, Gould.
One male and two females, Cape York.

87. — Leucomel^ena norfolciensis, Latham.
One female, Balm Island.

88. — Myristicivora spillorrhoa, G. R. Gray.
Two males and two females, Bet Island.

89. — Lopholaimus antarcticus, Shaw.

One male and one female, Cape York.

Scores of this Bigeon were shot at Cape York. They are less
in size and weight than those obtained in N". S. Wales, and the
plumage is not nearly so bright. I consider them as a very
distinct local variety.

90. — Chalcophaps longirostris, Gould.

One male, Cape York.

This I look upon as a very doubtful species.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 59

91. — Erythrauchana humeualis, Temminck.
Two females, Palm Island ; one young, Cape Grenville ; two

females, Sue Island.
Very widely distributed, and seen at nearly every place visited,
New Guinea included.

92. — Stictopelia cuneata, Latham.
One young, Gulf of Carpentaria.
Obtained from Mr. Broadbent.

93.— Megapodius tumulus, Gould.
One male and one female, Brook Island.

94. — Megapodius assimilis, (female) JS/. Sp.

Head and crest very dark brown ; the latter tipped with grey ;
neck and all the under surface slaty grey ; back, wings, tail, flanks,
and under tail coverts, dark chocolate brown ; bill reddish brown,
becoming lighter on the sides and tip ; legs, dull red ; feet of the
same colour, gradually becoming black towards the claw; claw very
long and slender. Total length, 13-5 ; wing, 9-2 ; tail, 3-8 ; tarsi,
2-1 ; middle toe without the claw, T6 ; bill from forehead, 1-0 ;
from gape, 1-15.

One adult and one young female, Dungeness Island ; one female,
Bet Island.

This bird is very nearly allied to M tumulus, but is altogether
of a very much smaller size, the legs and feet are also very weak
in comparison to that species.

It is found on many of the low lying islands in Torres Straits,
and is not uncommon.

95. — TURNIX PYRRHOTHORAX, Gould

One female, Cape York ; one male, Sue Island ; one male and
one female, Darnley Island.

96. — Q^DICNEMUS GRALLARIUS, Latham.

One female, Percy Island, No. 2.

97. — ESACUS MAGNTROSTRIS, Gioffroy .

One female, Cape Grenville ; one male, Long Island.

60 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

98. — HjEmatopus longirostris, Vieillot

Two females, Cape Grenville ; two males and two females,

Cocoanut Island.
Common everywhere. On Cocoanut Island out of a flock of
twenty I succeeded in killing four at one sliot.

99 — HiEMATOPUS FULIGINOSUS, Gould.

One male, Palm Island.

100. — Charadrius orientalis, Schlegel.

One male, Cocoanut Island ; one female, Cape Grenville ; two
females, Bet Island.

On Cocoanut Island this species was very numerous, tlie one
obtained from there being a very fine old male, in full summer
plumage.

101. — Ochthodromus inornatus, Gould.
One male, Cape York ; two females, Sue Island.

102. — OCHTHODROMUS BICINCTUS, Jardine and Selby.

One female, Cape Grenville ; three females, Cape York ; one

male and five females, Sue Island.
All of the above in winter plumage.

103. — LlMOSA UROPYGIALIS, Oould.

One male and one female, Cape York ; one male, Bet Island.

104. — ACTODROMAS AUSTRALIS, Cuvier.

One male and four females, Cape York ; two females, Sue Island ;
one male and one female, Darnley Island.

The male from Darnley Island is in fidl summer plumage, all
the others are without the slightest trace of the rufous markings.

105. — Trixga tenuirostris, Hovsjield.

Seven females, Sue Island ; one female, Cocoanut Island.

The specimens obtained vary considerably in their markings,
some being much darker and more spotted than others. Very
common on all the low lying islands in Torres Straits.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. Gl

106. — Actitis HYPOLEUCOS, Linneus.
One male and one female, Cape York.
Frequents the salt-water creeks, and far from common.

107. — Glottis glottoides, Vigors,
One female, Cape Grenville.

108. — Gambetta pulverulentus, Midler.
One female, Cape Grenville ; one female, Bet Island ; four
males and two females, Sue Island ; four females, Cocoanut
Island.
Seen in large flocks on all the reefs and islands, from Cape
York to New Guinea.

109. — NUMENIUS UROPYGIALTS, Gould.

One female, Cape Grenville ; one male, Cape York ; one female
Sue Island ; three females, Bet Island ; one male, Long
Island ; one female, Darnlev Island.

110. — ISTumenius minor ; Mutter.
One male, Cape York.

111. — -Ardea NOV^E HOLLANDS, Latham.
One female, Evan's Bay, Cape York.

112. — Demiegretta jugularis, Forster.
One female, Fitzroy Island.

113. — Demiegretta greyi, Gould,

Two males and one female, Low Island, Trinity Bay.

This and the preceding, are undoubtedly the same species, and
always associate together. Sometimes two of the white may be
seen together ; at other times two of the blue ; but, as a rule, it is
one of each colour. One specimen obtained (a fine old male) of
the white variety, is blotched all over with blue. I also saw one
half blue and white. The colour is not a sexual difference, as
adults of both sexes and colours are easily obtained.

114. — Nycticorax caledonicus, Latham.
Young male, Darnley Island.

62 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAV SOCIETY

115. — BuTOROIDES JAVANICA, Horsfield.

Two females, Cape York ; one male and one female, Cape Gren-
ville ; one male and one female, Dungeness Island.

116. — Bruchigavia GOULDI, Bonaparte.

One female, Palm Island ; two males, Cape Grenville ; one
male and two females, Sue Island ; one young, Torres
Straits.

First seen at Palm Island ; common about Cape York, and all
through Torres Straits, to Darnley Island.

117. — Sylochelidon caspia, Pallas.
One male and one female, Barrow Island.

1 1 8. — Thalasseus cristatus, Stephens.

Two males, Palm Island ; one male, Barrow Island ; one young
male, Fitzroy Island ; one young, Cape Grenville ; one
young and one female. Turtle Reef.

1 1 9. — Thalasseus bengalensis, Lesson.

One male and three females, Sue Island ; two young males.

Dungeness Island ; one female, Bramble Cay.
Common upon every reef and island throughout Torres Straits.

120 — Sterna melanauchen, Temminck,
Six males and one female, Mud Bay, Cape York.

121. — Sterna melanorhyncha, Gould.
One female, Warrior Reef.

122. — Sterna nigrifons (female). N. Sp.

Head and neck above, and the outer web of the external primary,
jet black ; remainder of the upper surface, wings, and tail, light
silvery grey ; throat and all the under surface white, with a
beautiful roseate tint ; three first primaries with a line of dull
black on their inner webs next the shaft ; bill, black ; legs and
fest, red ; nails, black. Total length, without bill, to central tail
feathers, 9 inches ; to outer tail feathers, 12-2 ; wing, 8*7 ; tail to

OF NEW SOUTH WALES 63

centre feathers, 2 - 6 ; to outer, 6*1 ; tarsi,. 0"8 ; bill, from forehead
1*6 ; from anterior margin of nostril, 1*2 \ from gape 2.

This beautiful tern is very nearly allied to Sterna paradisea, but
differs in having the bill entirely black, instead of yellow at the
base and gape, and in having the external web of the first
primary black.

Seen in great numbers about "Warrior Reef, in company with
larger terns and noddies.*

123. — Sternula placens, Gould.

One male, Sue Island.

124. — Sternula inoonspicua, N. Sp.

Forehead and line over the eye white ; a narrow line of black
extends from lores over the eyelids ; central portion of the crown
white, mottled with black, becoming black on the nape and hind
neck ; all the upper surface light grey, with a darker patch running
back from the shoulders ; primaries blackish brown on the outer
and inner webs next the shaft ; secondaries grey margined with
white ; tail white, slightly washed with grey ; bill of a brownish
black, lighter at the sides and gape ; legs and feet dark brown ;
iricles black. Total length (without bill) to central tail feathers,
6 - o ; to outer tail feathers, 7*7 ; wing, 7' ; tail to centre feathers,
1-9 ; to outer, 3*15 ; tarsi, 0-6 ; bill from forehead, 1*25 ; from
anterior margin of nostril 09 ; from gape, 1/6.

One male and four females, Mud Bay, Cape York. In company
with Sterna melanauchen and I'halasseus cristatus.

125. — Onychoprion FULIGINOSA, Oinelin.
Six males and four females, Bramble Cay.

126. — Anous stolidus, Latham.

One male and one female, Cape Grenville ; one male and two
females, Bramble Cay ; three males and four females.
Caught on board off Bramble Cay.

* A specimen of this species is in the possession of Mr. Waller, and was shot by him in
More ton Bay.

64 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

127. — ANGUS MELANOPS, Gould.

Three males, and three young, Bramble Cay.

On Bramble Cay this species was in countless thousands. To
give some idea of their numbers, I may state, that from one
discharge of the gun I killed forty-six, and' there appeared to be
quite as many wounded.

128. — Anous leucocapillus, Gould.
One male and one female, Nepean Island.

129. — Diomedea melanophrys, Temminck.
One male and one female, East Coast.

130. — Pterodroma macroptera, Smith.
One young male, East Coast.

131. — Fregetta melanogaster, Gould.
One male and three females, East Coast.

132. — OCEANITES OCEAN1CA, Kuhl.

Seven males and three females. Shot at sea, in the latitude of
Port Bowen.

133. — Tachypetes aquiea, Linneus.

Four males and three females, Torres Straits.

134. — Tachypetes minor, Gmelin.
One male, Torres Straits.

135. — SULA CYANOPS, Sundevall.
One male, Bramble Cay.

136 — SULA TIBER, Linneus.

One male, thi-ee females, and two young, Bramble Cay.
Seen from the latitude of Moreton Bay to New Guinea.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 65

Mr. E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S., &c, read the following papers : —

Description of a new species of Pachycephala from Fiji, in the
collection of Wm. Macleay, Esq., F.L.S.

Pachycephala kandavensis. — Sp. Nov.

Adult, male — The whole of the head, earcoverts, and a narrow
cresentic band, widest on the sides, and extending across the chest
from the lower earcoverts, jet black ; a narrow collar round the back,
widest on the sides of the neck, and a patch joining it to the chest,
bright yellow ; the throat, inside the black pectoral band, pure white ;
the breast and remainder of the under surface, bright gamboge
yellow, of a slightly deeper and duller tint on the abdomen and
under tail-coverts ; under surface of the wings dark brown, the
margins of the inner webs of the quills towards the base, buffy-
white ; the under wing-coverts white tinged with-yellow ; inter-
scapular region, back, and remainder of the upper surface yel-
lowish olive ; wings blackish-brown, the coverts and scapulars
broadly, and the quills narrowly margined with yellowish olive ;
tail dark brown above, paler below, the centre two feathers and
outer webs of the remainder tinged with olive yellow ; bill black ;
legs greyish brown ; iris reddish brown. Total length (exclusive
of bill), 5 '5 inches ; wing, 3 - 5 ; tarsus, 1 inch ; tail, 2 - 6 ; bill from
forehead, 0*7 ; from nostril, 0*4 ; from gape, - 8.

The male of this species may be recognised by the narrow line of
black across the lower part of the chest, and by its being of a
nearly even width throughout ; or, if anything, wider on the sides
than in the centre of the chest, and by the large extent of white
on the throat.

Female (Not quite adult*) — Above, olive brown, slightly tinged
with olive yellow ; wings and tail blackish brown ; the upper wing-
coverts and inner second-aries broadly margined and tipped with
rich cinnamon or rufous-brown, the remainder of the quills
narrowly margined on the outer webs with the same colour ; a
few feathers of the upper tail-coverts, cinnamon brown ; the head,
dark brown, washed with cinnamon ; sides of the head, an

* Shot from the nest, which contained one egg.

66 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

ill-defined line over the eye ; the ear-coverts and sides of the neck,
the throat, and all the under-surface, cinnamon brown, a little
paler on the throat ; under-surface of the wings, brown, the
inner webs of the feathers towards the base, whitish ; under
wing-coverts whitish ; margins of the wings below, tinged with
cinnamon ; tail below dark brown, ; the tips of the feathers
tinged with cinnamon ; bill dark brown paler at the base of
the lower mandible ; legs and feet, light brown ; iris, reddish
brown. Total length, 5 -5 inches; wing, 3*2; tail, 2*6; tarsus,
1 inch ; bill, from forehead, - 65 ; from nostril, 04 ; from gape, - 8.

This species was found at " Kandavu," frequenting the thickets
on the sides of the ranges ; it was observed breeding during the
months of September and October, making a small round open
nest of grasses and rootlets, lined with finer material of the same
nature.

The only egg procured was taken from a nest, which contained
but one, and placed within four feet of the ground in a low
bough. The egg is white, blotched largely at the thicker end with
jet black, and large irregular shaped blotches of slate colour, which
appear beneath the shell ; a few dots of black are scattered over
the thin end ; length, 1 inch ; in breadth, - 73.

Description of a supposed new species of Pachy cephala , from New
Britain, proposed to be called—

Pachycephala oitreogaster.- — Sp. Nov.

Adult female. — All the upper parts of the head, wings, and tail,
rich brown — inclining to rufous brown on the ear-coverts, sides of
the face and neck ; and on the shafts and outer webs of the quills*
tips of the upper wing coverts, and scapulars ; inner webs of the
quills blackish-brown ; all the under-surface whitish ; the feathers
on the throat and upper part of the chest margined with bro wn
giving to these parts a burred appearance ; sides of the breast and
the flanks tinged with brown, the abdomen inclining to citron-
colour, and deepening into citron-yellow about the vent and under
under-tail coverts ; under surface of the wings and tail light

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 67

brown ; under wing coverts whitish, outer series tinged with brown ;
bill, black ; legs and feet, brown. Total length, 6 inches ; wing,
3 - 35 ; tail, 2-8 ; tarsus bill from forehead, - 7 ; from the gape, - 9 ;
from nostril, 0-4 ; width and height at nostril, - 2.

Hab. — New Britain and adjacent islands.

This description has been taken from a spirit specimen, one of
a collection of birds, obtained by Captain Ferguson in 1870, at
New Britain and the adjacent Islands.

I exhibit also from the same collection of birds above mentioned,
which has now been in spirits over five years, two or three very
interesting specimens of parrots, including the beautiful Lorius
chlorocercvs, Domicella cardinalis and the miniature Nasitema
pusio, the smallest species of parrot known, its total length being
about 3 1 inches.

This curious little bird has character which appear to link it,
from the form of its feet and bill, with some of the largest of the
group of parrots — the Cockatoos (Cacaluittce) ; on examination, its
sternum however does not show any affinity to that group, but
rather places it, from the absence of the furcula, among the Pezo-
poj-ince. On the whole, its characters are so anomalous that it is
difficult to decide what family, among the Psittacidre, it should be
most properly placed ; and only by a close comparison and exami-
nation of its entire skeleton, can this be decided. I am inclined
to think it will eventually be placed in a separate family. The
peculiar formation of the tail feathers, the bare shafts of which
being produced into spines at the tips, I believe, is not found
in any other known genus of parrots. When we know some-
thing of the habits of this species it will probably be fouud to be
strictly arboreal, and confined to the dense scrubs, where it could
find abundance of food without extensive flight, for which its
wings are not adapted ; the contents of the crop appeared to be
portions of fruit ; the gizzard contained minute grains of sand and
a few seeds, from which one might suppose it to be of terrestrial
habits ; the absence of the os furculum would also warrant this
opinion. S0CA, ,

' N OOS A/- (

|ui LI3RARY '

.j

^P^kS

68 TTIB PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

Description of a new species of the genus Lamprolia, Finnch ;

from Fiji.

Lamprolia klinesmithi, Sp. Nov.

Adult Male — The whole of the upper and under surface of the
body and of the wings, and the under tail-coverts, velvety shining-
black, glossed with a rich metallic steel-blue lustre, except on the
lower part of the abdomen, and under surface of the tail and
wings, and on the upper surface of the primaries and inner portion
of the secondaries. The marginal half of the outer webs of the
secondaries, fringe-like and open, and glossed with steel blue ; the
two centre tail feathers and the outer webs of the remainder,
except the outermost on either side, similarly fringed ; the tip of
the feathers on the lower part of the rump, and the whole of the
upper tail-coverts glistening silky-white, the centre two tail
feathers slightly shorter than the next on either side, silky-white,
with a small bracket-shaped mark of glossy-black margining the tip,
the next on either side more largely tipped with black, which extends
above half-way down the margin only of the inner web, the remainder
of the feathers similarly marked, the black increasing and
extending along the outer margins of both webs, the white
decreasing, until on the outermost feather on either side it is
reduced to a small triangular white spot near the base, the
remaining portion of the feather being black, with a purple gloss
on the outer web ; bill, legs and feet black ; iris, dark brown.
Total length, 3 - 75 inches ; wing, 2*7 ; tail, 1*8 ; tarsus, 0.73 ; bill
from the forehead, 0*5 ; from gape, 065 ; from nostril, 0-4.

Habitat., Vanua Levu, Fiji. — Confined to the mountains, in
scrubs.

Ornithologists will, I am sure, congratulate Mr. Klinesmith, of
Levuka, on the discovery of this very beautiful and interesting
bird ; the second of this remarkable genus which his exertions
have made known to science — the first, and type of the genus,
which was described by Dr. O. Finsch, from specimens forwarded
by Mr. Klinesmith, in 1873, was named L. Victoria?,* and is, on

* P. Z. Soc, Lon., 1873, Pt. in, p. 735.

> OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 69

the whole, a larger bird than the species at present under considera-
tion ; both species are remarkable for the richness and the peculiar
Paradiseine form of their plumage ; they resemble each other closely,
but may at once be distinguished by the greater size of L. Victoria',
and the greater extent of white on the rectrices of L. Klinesmithi,
in which latter species the white extends over the whole of the
centre two tail-feathers, except a narrow margin at the extreme
tip. Lamprolia Victoria (Finsch) is found on Taviuni, the present
species on Vanua Levu, an adjacent and one of the largest islands
of the Fiji group. Respecting its habitat, Mr. Klinesmith
remarks : " They live in the interior part of the country, and only
in certain spots in the high but damp ranges ; in dry and rocky
parts they are not seen at all." " They are very scarce, and
extremely hard to find" ; their " stomachs contained insects."

I have named this new bird after its discoverer, to whom we
are indebted for the knowledge of at least two of the most
beautiful and remarkable birds yet discovered in Fiji, and I doubt
not that his researches will bring to light many more new and
beautiful acquisitions.

Mr. Ramsay exhibited specimens of most of the birds described
in these papers ; also some beautifully prepared skins of birds
from the collection obtained in New Britain, before mentioned.

Mr. E. Pierson Ramsay on the avifanna of Fiji —

Remarks on a Collection of Birds lately received from Fiji, and
now forming part of the Macleayan Collection, at Elizabeth
Bay ; with a list of all the Species at present known to inhabit
the Fiji Islands — by E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S., Sec., &c.

1. — Astur rufitorques, Peale, U.S. Expl. Expd. pi. 2/ 2.

This appears to be the commonest species, and is found through-
out the group.

70 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

2. — Colocalia spodiopygia, Peale, U.S. Expl. Expd. pi. 49 fig . 5.

Cypselus terrse-reginpe, Ramsay, P Z. S , 1874 pt. IV.

This species has a very extended range, being found dispersed
over the whole of the South Sea Islands, and as far north as the
north-east coast of Queensland where I obtained specimens in 1874.
The Queensland birds have the bill a little larger and stronger, but
do not appear to differ much in any other respects. The eggs are
three or four in number snow white, in length 0*7 inch by - 5 in
width. The birds breed during October and November.

3. — Todiramphus vittensis, Peale.

One of the most common species in Fiji, probably only a variety
of T. (Halcyon) sacra.

4. — Myzomela jugularis, Peale.

The specimens from Kandavu, of this pretty species, I find to
be more highly coloured than those from other localities, the
crimson on the head moreover, is of a greater extent.

5. — Ptilotis provocator, E. L. Layard, P Z.S , 1875,_prf. I. p. 28.
Common at Kandavu.

6. — Ptilotis caruncutata, Forst ; Finsch and Hard. Cent.
Polynes. t. 5 fig. 28.

This specimen is a young bird obtained at the Island of Fortuua.

7. — ZOSTEROPS CiERULESCENS, Lath.
Goidd Birds of Austr. IV. pi. 31.
I have examined the Fiji specimens carefully, and compared it
with a large series from various parts of Australia, it differs only in
having a slightly larger and stronger bill, with the culmen a little
more arched and in the tail being longer. In plumage the
specimen from Kandavu and the N. S. "Wales birds are nearly exactly
alike, but the yellow on the throat extends a little further down
than in the generality of the IS. S. Wales' specimens, and the
olive yellow on the back of the neck is of greater extent and ends
further down than opposite the yellow of the throat. I do not
consider these differences sufficient for the foundation of a separate

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 71

species, but this variety, if not identical with Z. flaviceps, may be
distinguished under the name of kandavensis.

Var. kandavensis. — Adult : Plumage same as in Z. ccerulescens,
but the yellow from throat extending slightly on to the chest, the
tail is much longer, bill horn-brown ; legs light brown. Total
length, 4-2 inches; tail, 2; wing 2-35; tarsus 0-7; bill, from
forehead - 5 ; from gape 0*55 ; from nostril 0-3.

Mr. E. L. Layard, F.Z.S., H. B. M. Consul at Levuka, mentions
in the Proceedings of the Zooloogical Society (P. Z. S., 1875, pt.
I p. 29), another species of Zoslerops found at Kandavu, but
which he had not had an opportunity of describing ; he proposed
for it the name of Z. explorator, and states it may be distinguished
from Z. flaviceps of Peale, " by being yellow from the chin to the
abdomen, and without the ash colour collar." I regret to say I
have not seen a specimen of Z. flaviceps nor can I find any
description of it in any of the Works at my disposal.

8. — Yitia RUFICAPILLA, Ramsay, P. Linn. Soc. N.S. W., 1875,
For description and remarks. See ante page 42,

9. — Petroica pusilla, Peale.

The Kandavu variety of this species has the white cap on the
head of a greater extent, and the crimson of a brighter tint. The
features are on the whole more distinct than in the usual forms of P.
pusilla.

10. — Artamits MENTALIS, Jard.

Artamus vitiensis is merely a variety of this species. The birds
are not rare, and are usually found in the more open parts of the
forest.

11. — Myiagra rufiventris, Elliott

Two specimens of this well mai-ked species are all that were
obtained, it does not appear to be a common bird.

72 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

12. Muscylva lessoni, G. R. Gray.

This is a very common species throughout the Fiji group. Its
habits and actions resemble those of our brown flycatcher, Micrceca
fascinans.

(13. — Ehipidtjra personata, Ramsay, P. Linn. Soc. N.S. W.)

For description and remarks. See ante page 43.
14. — Campephaga maculosa, Peak.

Two specimens only obtained, one stated to be a male but
probably a female, it is not quite adult, the locality marked on the
label attached, is " Batiki", Fiji. The second specimen is evidently
an adult male, Las the throat, chest, and breast pure white, with
only slight remains of cross-bars on the feathers on sides of the
chest and neck ; in size it is slightly smaller. This species is pro-
bably identical with Lalage terat (Cass) and L. orientalis (Hartlb).

15. — Myiolesles vttiensis, Hartl. Ibis, 1866, p. 173.

This species ajipears to be common everywhere in the dense
serubs.

1 6. — Pachycephala vitiensis, G. R. Gray.

I can find no description of Pachycephala vitiensis at present,
and am not quite sure that I have assigned the correct name to
these specimens.

17. — Pachycephala kandavensis, Ramsay, P. Linn. Soc of
N.S W., 1875. See ante page 65.

I believe this to be quite distinct from any hitherto described
species, although closely allied to P. gutturalis and P. vitiensis.

18. — Pachycephala gr^effet.

There are two females in the collection which agree very well
with P. optata of Hartlaub, a synomyn of this species.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 73

19. — Merula ruficeps, Ramsay, P. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. See ante

page 43.

This fine species was obtained at Kandavu to which district I
believe it is confined — its habits and actions and nidification are
similar to other species of Merula.

20. — Aplonis cassinii, Peak, U.S. Expl. Pxjid. pi. 7. 1.

This is very common in Fiji and seems dispersed all over the
group.

21. — Amblynura pealei, Eartlaub.

Probably a local variety of A. CYANOVTRENS, Peak, of which
Lobiospiza notabilis of Hartlaub and Finsch, is the young.

There are three specimens in the collection, including a young
bird which has the blue and yellow carunculje at the base of the
lower mandible and round the gape well developed.

22.- — Platycercus splendens, Parti, and Finsch.

Only one specimen of this fine species appears to have been
obtained, although the birds are by no means rare, and found
. throughout the group.

This species may be easily distinguished from P. hysginus by
having a bright blue collar round the back of the neck, in some very
old specimens this collar becomes at least two inches in width. I
have lately examined a bird of this species, in which a streak of white
was conspicuous along, and on either side of the shaft of the quills
of the wings and tail feathers ; the crimson of the head and under
surface is much brighter in tint than in either P. hysginus or P.
tabuensis.

23. — Platycercus personatus, O. R. Gray.

This, one of the most common species in Fiji, appears to be
somewhat nocturnal in its habits. I have noticed specimens in
confinement particularly drowsy during the day time, but when
liberated at night, wander about the house, talking and chattering
incessantly. In Fiji, they prove very destructive to the crops.

74 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

24. — DOMICELLA SOLITARIUS, Latham.

This is perhaps one of the most beautiful birds of the South Sea
Islands, and appears to be very plentiful in the Fiji group, several
specimens of both sexes in the collection.

25. — Triciioglossus amabilis, Ramsay, P. Linn. Soc, JS/.S. W.

See ante page 36.

A beautiful little species obtained for the first time I believe,
at Fiji, by Charles Pearce, 17th June last, 1875, and described at
one ofour previous meetings (July 26th), after which, the descrip-
tion was published in the Herald's report of the meeting on the
2Sth of the month ; having lately heard that the same species has
been since described, I take the present opportunity of giving the
exact date of my description of it.

26. — Cuculus (Cacomantis) SIMUS, Peale.
C. infuscatus (Juv.), Hartl, Ibis. 1866, p. 172.

The collection contains both the young and adult of this species,
from which it appears to me that G infuscatus of Hartl. is merely
the young ; after loosing the fuscous hue of the under surface, the
young birds become barred with bracket-shape and broad wavy
lines of dull white, which are tinged with rufous on the throat, •
chest, and sides of the neck ; there are also remains of pale rufous
margins to the feathers on the interscapular region ; on the rum})
and upper tail-coverts faint margins of dull white are visible. In
the adult the tail becomes strongly barred, and the under surface
of the body of a rufous tint. G. simus (Peale), is represented in
Australia by G. castaneiventris of Gould, which is about the same
in size.

27. — Ptilinopus marine, Homb. and Jacq. Voy. Pole, Sud. t. 29, 2.

P. perousei ; of Hartlaub.
This species does not appear to be rare and is known as the
nutmeg dove by the letters in Fiji, the native name is Saukula.

28. — Chrys^ena luteovirens, Homb. and Jacq. Voy. Pole, Sud. t.

12-1, 2.
Gouldii, Birch ; flava, G. R. Gray.
Felicias, Homb. and Jacq. (female).

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 75

29.— CHRT&ffiNA VICTOR, Gould, P.Z.S., 1871, p. G42.

There seems to be considerable confusion in the minds of some,
respecting the females of this and the foregoing species, and indeed
also with respect to the males.

Mr. E. L. Layard, H.B.M. Consul at Fiji remarks in the P. Z.
Soc, 1875, pt. I. p. 30, as follows :— " Professor Von Suhm, of the
Challenger and I, after going carefully into the subject, have come
to the conclusion that the ' Orange Dove' of Savinni (Taviuni), and
Lanthala ( Ghryscena victor, Gould), is a phase of plumage of the
' Green Dove' (<?. luteovirens) ." ! ! All I can say is, that there is
not the slightest probability of such being the case, as anyone
looking a little deeper " into the subject" than the colouration of
the plumage, would at once perceive ; the peculiar form and texture
of the feathers of G luteovirens, and the long plume like upper tail-
coverts and extensive tail of G. Victor, could hardly be produced
by the same species at the same period of the year, the only way
I can account for Mr. Layard's strange remark is by presuming
that he mistook the male of G. viridis for G. luteovirens, both of
these birds having plumage of a similar texture.

30.— CHRYSiENA viridis, E. L. Layard, P Z S., pt. II., 1875,

p. 151.

This fine and very distict specimen was discovered during the
cruise of the " Challenger" among the Fiji group, and subsequently
obtained by Mr. E. L. Layard, at Kaudavn, who describes the
male in the proceedings of the Zoological above quoted (1875, II.
p. 151). The female is not unlike the same sex of G. victor and
of G luteovirens, but is at once distinguished by its short tail,
and may thus be described.

Adult female. — The whole of the upper and under surface deep
dark green, paler on the sides of the face and throat, with a
yellowish tinge on the latter ; the abdomen and flanks dull pale
green with greyish margins to the feathers ; central portion of the
abdomen and region round the vent, dull whitish grey ; legs brown
tinged with green ; under tail-coverts and a narrow line round the
inner rectrices, pale yellow ; under surface of the tail, dark brown ;
upper surface, deep bright green on the outer margins and tips,

76 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

dull blackish towards the base of the inner webs, two centre
feathers green, becoming blackish brown at the base ; upper tail
coverts, bright green ; quills above, blackish brown, primaries
margined narrowly with golden yellow, secondaries broadly with
green on the outer webs ; wing coverts above, green ; the basal
portion, blackish brown ; under surface of the quills, blackish
brown ; the outer webs narrowly, the inner rather broadly mai'gined
with yellow ; under wing coverts, brown washed with at tips and
margined, with yellow ; the margins of the shoulders tinged with
green ; bill olive green ; legs and feet bluish, tinged with red.
Total length, 6| inches ; wing, 4-4 ; tail, 2 - 2 ; tarsus, 0*85 ; bare
portion, 0-3 ; bill from forehead, 065 ; from the anterior margin of
nostril to tip, 03 ; from gape, 0*8.

The collection contains. a fine series of the young and adults of
both sexes, all obtained at Kandavu, to which place this species
seems confined.

31. — Carpophaga latrans, Peale, U.S. Expl. Expd.pl. 26.

32. — Carpophaga (Janthcenas) vitiensis, Quoy and Qaim, Voy.

Astrol. t. 28.
The young of this species resembles the adult generally, but is
not so brightly coloured or so distinctly marked. Adult, cere and
base of the bill, crimson ; tip, horn colour ; legs, crimson — iris
brown.

33. — Charadrius longipes, Temn.
C. fulvus, p. ; Hartl. and Finsch.

34. — Limosa uROPYGiALis, Oould, B. Aust. YI., pt. 29.
This species appears to be plentiful.

35. — Totanus incanus, Gmel.
A very common species.

36. — Ortygometra tabuensis, Gmel.
Porzana vitiensis, Hartl.
Only one specimen obtained ; this species seems to have an
immense range of habitat being found all over Australia, Tasmania,
New Zealand, and the Tropical Islands of the South Seas. Bill,
black ; legs and feet, yellow — iris red.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 77

37. — Anous lencocephalus, Gould, B. Aust. VII. pt. 33.
One specimen only obtained.

The remaining species catalogued from Fiji recorded in Grey's
Hand-book of Birds, Arc, &c, are —

1. Circus govddii, Bp.

2. Strix lulu, Peale.

3. Hirnndo tahitica, Gml.

4. Myzomela nigriventris, Peale.

5. Ptilotis procerior, Hartl. and Finscli.

6. Zosterops flaviceps, Peale.

7. Zosterops explorator, E. L. Layard, P.Z.S , 1875, pt. I. p. 29.

8. Lamprolia victoria?, Hartl. and Finsch, P.Z.S. , 1873, p. 733.

9. Lamprolia klinesmitliii, Ramsay, P. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.

1875, page 68.

10. Tatare 1 viridis, ELL., P.Z.S., 1875, II. p. 150.

11. Myiagra azureocapilla E.L.L , Ms.s.

12. Rhipidura albogularis, ELL., P.Z.S, 1875, pt. I. p. 29.

13. Lalage nigrogularis, E.LL., P.Z.S., 1875, pt. II. p. 149.

14. Myiolestes lienlei, Hartl. and Finsch.

15. Myiolestes macrorliyncha, Hartl. <C- Finsch., P.Z.S., 1859,^?.

157.

16. Pachycephala graffei, Hartl. Lbis., 1866, p. 172.

17. Pachycephala torqnata, E.L L., P.Z.S., 1875, pt. II. p. 150.

18. Pachycephala macrorliyncha, EL.L., P.Z.S., 1875, pt.

II. p. 150.

19. Aplonis cenerascens, //. and F, PZ.S., 1871, p. 29.

20. Platycercns hisginus, Forst.

21. Platycercus tabnensis, Gml.

22. Platycercus tavinniensis, E.L.L. , M.S.S.

23. Ptilinopus porhyraceous, Forst.

24. Phlegamas starrii, G. R. Gray, P.Z.S , 1856, pi 115.

25. Hypotenedia philippensis, L.

26. Porphyrio vitiensis, Peale.

27. Dendrocygna vagans, Eyton.

28. Anas superciliosa, Gml.

78 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE L1NNEAN SOCIETY

29. Ardea (Butoroides) Javanica. ; E L.L., P.Z.8., 1865, p. 29.

30. Fulmarus cserulens, Omel., I.S.A.Z., pt. 44.

31. Fulmarus macgillivrayi, G. R. Gr.

32. Sterna melanauchen, Gould, B. Austr. VII. pt. 26.

33. Sterna novae-tollandiae, Cuv., Gould, B. Austr., Yll.pt. 2 4.

34. Sterna melanauchen, Tern. Gould, B. Austr. VII. pt. 28.

35. Gygis Candida, E. L. L., P.Z.S., 1875, pt. I. p. 29.

36. Anous stolidus, Linn.

37. Tachypetes aqnila. ; E.L.L., P.Z.S., 1875, pt. I. p. 29.

As far as we have records, then, the Avifauna of Fiji consist of
about 74 described species, of which, I have no doubt, several will
eventually prove to be mere local varieties of S. S. Island forms,
the great scarcity of the Accipitres or birds of prey is noticeable,
but this fact is not very remarkable when we remember the
paucity of bird-life in general, and the few mammals which inhabit
these islands; but it is somewhat surprising to find so few sea birds
recorded ; from the immense numbers of fish both specifically and
individually which frequent these islands, one would naturally
expect to find more than eight species frequenting the shores.

I cannot pass over this collection without drawing attention to
the beautiful and varied forms of fruit eating doves which inhabit
the islands, particularly the beautiful and remarkable plumaged
Chryssama?, a peculiar and well marked genus allied to (but very
distinct from) Ptilinopus ; Ch. luteovirens has been long
known to science, but only of late years has it been otherwise
than extremely rare in collections — Ch. victor first described by
Mr. Gould, is perhaps, one of the most beautiful birds of its tribe,
while lately, during the cruise of H.M.S. " Challenger", a third
species Ch. viridis has been discovered, and lately described by Mr.
E. L. Layard, M.B.M. Consul at Fiji; from information I have
lately received I feel convinced that a fourth species will yet be
found belonging to this remarkable genus.

The peculiar PllLEGiBNAs stairii, G. R. Gray ; seems to take the
place of our ground or scrub pigeon Clialcophaps chrysochlcra, but
appears to be very rare. Another feature in the Fiji Avifauna,
well worthy of notice, is the lately discovered Passerine form,

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 79

Lamprolia, which seems to vie with our Rifle-birds (Ptiloris) in

brilliancy of plumage. Of this Ave know two species, closely allied
but quite distinct ; both remarkable for the silky snow-white
plumage of the upper tail coverts and central portion of the tail
feathers, and the black, glossy, steel-blue-tinged plumage of the
remaining parts. The larger of these birds, Lamprolia victoria?,
I have not seen. The smaller, which I have named after its
discoverer Mr. Klinesmith — L. klinesmithii — -I have already
exhibited this evening.

Since the above was written Mr. E. L. Layard's list of Fiji
Island Birds has come to hand (P.Z.S., pt. III., 1875, p. 423),
which enables me to add the following species with some remarks
upon them : —

Astur cruentus ; Gould.
This will doubtless prove to be A. rifitorques of Peal, and not
the true A., cruentus of Gould.

Circus assimilis, Jard. and Selb.
Most probably C. gouldii, Bp.

Strix delicatula, Gould.
Evidently S. lulu, of Peale, a smaller allied species.

Endynamys tatiensis (JSparrm).
Highly doubtful, and not seen by Mr. E. S. Layard.

Chalcites, sp. inc.
Given on the authority of Mr. Thurston.

Caprimulgus, sp. inc.
Given on authority of natives only.

Collocalta VANICORENSIS, Q. and Gaim.
Given on authority of Hartlaub and Finsch.

Aplonis tabuensis, Gml.
Most likely A. cassinii, (Ptale.)

Carpophaga pacifica, Gml.
This is 0. microcera, (Bp.) Ic. P. t. 36 : or probably C. pacifica,
p. ; Hartlaub and Finsch ; Mr. E. L. Layard does not say whether

80 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

he has seen anything more of it than the eggs, which lie describes.
If it is the true C. pacifica. ( Gmel.) Fiji is certainly a new locality
for the species which is reported to be from Tonga.

Ortygometra quadristrigata, Ilorsf.

Not seen by Mr. Layard, but evidently given on the authority
of Haiti, and Finsch.

Strepsilas intrepres, Linn.
One obtained by Mr. Layard at " Navua " on Viti Levu.

Arder SACRA, Gml.

" Common all over th country among the mangroves." E. L. L.
Syn. Ardea (Demiegretta) gugularis (Forst), and A greyi Gould.

Sterna bergii, Licht.
Syn. S. cristata, (Stejjh.)

Sterna longipennis, Nordm.

Syn. S. frontalis (G. R. Gr.), probably S. melanorhyncha,

Gould.

Sterna panaya, Gmel

Syn. Hydrochelidon panayensis ; Anous leucocapillus, Goidd
PlJFFINUS NUGAX, Sol.

Mr. E. L. Layard does not say whether he saw this species or
not, or merely gave it on the authority of Haiti, and Finsch.

Phaeton ^thereus, Linn.

From the context it is evident Mr. E. L. Layard meant I*.
rubricauda, (Bodd.) of which P. aiihereus (Bl.) is a synonym ; Mr.
E. L. Layard does not appear to be quite sure about the identity
of this species.

Dysporus sula, Linn.

This is I presume Sula fiber of Linn ; but more probably Sula
serrator Bks., S. australis, Gould B. Austr. VII. pi. 76.

Notwsthstanding the slight differences in the nomenclature
which has evidently arisen from the want of books for reference,
Mr. E. L. Layard's paper contains much new matter, and some
valuable information on the habits of the avifauna of the group.

OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 81

Description of a supposed new species of Bat, from Stairwell, near
Bulli, N.S.W., by E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., etc.

Tathozous Hargravei. sp. nov.
Incisors ... ... 1 — 1 Canines ... ... 1 — 1

2—2 1—1

Premolars ... 2—2 Molars 3—3

2—2 3—3

Total length 4 # G inches ; head 2-3 x G - 5 ; ears - 8 x 0-5 ;
tail 0*9, free portion 0'15 ; arm 1*7 ', forearm 3 inches ;
thumb, - 3.

First finger, 2-9.

Second ditto ; first phal., 3*2 ; second phal., 1*4 ; third, 1*35.

Third ditto ; first phal., 2*4 ; second, 0*8 ; third, 0*3.

Fourth ditto ; fii*st phal., 2 inch ; second, 0*7 ; third, 0-45.

Tibia, 1-05 inch.

Tarsus, 1-05."

Carpals and phalanges (foot), 0'6 inch ; distance, from tip of
tail to outer margin of the membrane, - 5 inch (dried skin) ; ears
large, somewhat triangular, pointed at tips, rounded behind,
length, 0-6 ; breadth, 0*5 inches, tragus, 0-25 x 0*15, rather long;
three sided, the anterior margin almost straight, curved forwards,
upper margin irregular, almost at right angles with it, slightly
rounded ; posterior margin curved, having a deep indentation near
the base.

The upper incisors very minute simple, the lower small, trilobate.
Canines very strong rather blunt, curved, conical with a small
sharp lobe at the base of the inner (not posterior) side, a narrow
groove on either side of it and a small round compressed tubercle
at its base. Lower canines : strong, stout, curved, not quite so long
as the upper, with a fold or collar at the base forming a small
lobe posteriorly, lower canines and incisors closing in front of the
upper. Premolars : lower jaw, the first small, curved, sharp ;
second, longer, acute, broad at the base with small inner basal lobe ;
Premolars, lamer jaw, first acute, second longest, both having a

82 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

small inner posterior basal lobe, and a well defined collar. 3folars,
above, first and second equal, having three pointed sharp ridges
externally, formed by two triangular groves in the crown of the
tooth, and two sharp similar ridges internally ; each with a strong
triangular sharp inner basal lobe ; third molar, a compressed
sharp ridge with a small tubercle on either side at the base.
Molars below ; first and second nearly equal, showing two
exterior triangular concical tubercles, the anterior one the larger,
and three inner smaller tubercles ; third smaller, with two outer
similar ridges and two inner tubercles.

There is no sign of a gular pouch.*

A few long hairs directed forwards on the side of the
face, a fringe of short hairs on the lips, nostrils on margin of
upper lip, terminal, simple ; the fur on the throat and chest long
and silky, a few black hairs at the base of the ears inside. The
■wins membrane extends from the ankles. The whole of the
membrane, skin and fur of the upper surface jet black, silky ; the
whole of the under surface silky white. Sex, a male.

Hab. holes and caverns in rocks, near Bulli, sea coast, East
coast of N. 8. Wales.

This fine species was first found some twelve months ago, by my
friend Ralph Hargrave Esq., at Stan well, near Bulli. It is larger
than the majority of our bats, and may easily be distinguished by
the snow-white colour of the fur on the under side ; and the mem-
brane and whole of the fur on the upper side being black. It seems to
be allied to Taphozous affinis, of Dobsonf, from Labuan, but
differs in having no pouch, and in the shortness of its tail, also in
the colouring of the different parts. The tail is remarkably short
about half an inch within the outer margin of the caudal membrane,
which is three-sided {not pointed), the two lateral margins con-
nected with the ankles are thickened.

* The skin is much mutilated, but I hare examined it carefully in water,
t Ani. and Mag. Xat. Hist., 4th Series, Vol. 16., No. 93, p. 232.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 83

MONDAY, 31st JANUARY, 1876.

William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.

The business of the Annual Meeting was first proceeded with.

The Honorary Treasurer, Mr. H. H. Burton Bradley, pre-
sented his report, showing (with balance carried forward from last
year of £91 10s. 2d.) gross collections amounting to £187 0s. 2d. .
and disbursements for rent, printing, &c, of £86 4s. 4d. ; and
leaving a balance forward of £100 15s. 10d., reducible by cheques
outstanding to £87 0s. lOd. He also presented a statement show-
ing subscriptions outstanding on 1st January, 1876, of £191 6s.,
and mentioned that all accounts had been paid to 31st December
1875.

The election of officers for the ensuing year was proceeded with,
and the following were chosen : — President, Mr. "William Macleay,
F.L.S. ; Vice-President, the Hon. Sir W. Macarthur, M.L.C. ;
Hon. Secretary, Commander Stackhouse, R.N. ; Hon Treasurer,
Mr. H. H. Burton Bradley. Council : Mr. H. C. Alleyne, M.D. ;
Professor Liversidge; Mr. James C. Cox, M.D.; Mr. E. P.Ramsay,
F.L.S. ; Mr. Alfred Roberts ; Mr. W. J. Stephens, M.A.

A vote of thanks was passed to the office-bearers of the past
year.

THE CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS.

The Chairman read the following address : —

The Linnean Society of New South Wales has now completed
the first year of its existence, and in accordance with a rule
observed by almost all societies of a simdar kind, I take the
opportunity of the annual meeting to give you an address upon
the progress of the Society and of Natural History generally
during the past year, but chiefly in what i^elates to Australia and
Australian surroundings.

84 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

The object of the society has been succinctly stated in the
published rules to be " the cultivation and study of the Science of
Natural History in all its branches." But comparatively few
people are aware what a vast field of inquiry and study is included
under the term Natural History, as understood in its true meaning,
and as taught by the illustrious man whose name we have adopted
for this society.

The great divisions of Nature — Zoology, Botany, Mineralogy,
and Meteorology include within them the sciences of Anthropology,
Ethnology, Animal and Vegetable Physiology, Histology, Geography,
Geology, Palaeontology, and to some extent even those of Chemistry
and Medicine.

The extent and interest, therefore, of the many subjects com-
prehended within the scope of the society gave the hope that in a
country such as this, comprising in its population a more than
average number of men of good and liberal education, it would not
have been difficult to inaugurate and carry on successfully a society
formed solely for the cultivation of natural history.

Attempts had been previously made in Sydney to establish
Societies of Natural History, but on a narrowor limit than the
present. I was for some years here connected with a society
which was limited to the science of Entomology. While it lasted
that Society was most successful. Two volumes of transactions
were published, and the demand for these works in Europe suf-
ficiently demonstrates the value placed on them by the scientific
world. But the sole charge of keeping up the Society ultimately
fell upon such a very few individuals that it was at length given
up. And such I fear will always be the fate of scientific societies
as soon as the novelty of initiation wears off, unless its objects
comprise a sufficient scope of subjects to hold together a number
of working members. It is in the belief that an ample variety
of subjects are embraced under the term Natural History, to effect
this purpose, that the present Society has been formed. It is at
present, as I have said, the only exclusively natural history Society
in New South Wales, and I believe in Australia, though there are

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 85

others of a most useful character in which some excellent scientific
papers have been read — I allude particularly to the Royal Society
of Sydney. This is a well-established society, possessing ample
funds, and having a long list of subscribing members. It has,
moreover, among its office-bearers and members the most scientific
men in the community, and a number of valuable papers have been
read at its meetings. But mingled with those scientific papers
have been others not of a scientific character, and possessing cer-
tainly no interest except of the most local kind. The publications
of its proceedings also have not been conducted with the celerity
and regularity to be expected from a society not deficient in point
of means, and it is that irregularity and uncertainty in publication
which makes it as a society useless as a record of zoological,
botanical, or geological discovery.

Our Society has as yet had no reason to complain of want of public
support. The list of members is large, the funds, as will be seen
by the report of the hon. treasurer, have not been deficient, and
the proceedings of the monthly meetings, with the papers read,
have been printed as soon as the matter in hand was sufficient for
an octavo sheet. And the only regret I have to express is, that
the numbers of those contributing papers are not greater, and that
Zoology seems to turn the scale upon Botany and Geology.

Everything, however, must have a beginning, and I cannot say
that the difficulties experienced in the formation of the Linnean
Society of New South Wales — difficulties which have been chiefly
felt and encountered by our excellent honorary secretary, Captain
Stackhouse, R.N. — are greater than those usually encountered
under similar circumstances.

The papers read at the monthly meeting of the society since its
inauguration, are as follows : —

By Mr. Brazier : Descriptions of fourteen species of terrestrial
fluviatile and marine shells from Australia and the Solomon Islands.

Description of eight species of Australian and Tasmanian land
and freshwater shells.

By Mr. Ramsay : Description of a new species of Ptilotis from
the Endeavour River, with some remarks on the natural history
of the East Coast Range near Rockingham Bay.

86 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

Description of a new Triclwylossus from Fiji.

Description of a new rat kangaroo, Ilypsiyvymnoden moscliatus.

Descriptions of a new genus and Species of birds, Viiia vuji-
capilla ; also of the following new species : Merula ruficeps,
Rhipidura pevsonata, Pachyeephala Randavensis and Lamprotia
Klinesmitlrii, all from Fiji.

Description of Pachycepala citreogaster, from New Britain.

Remarks on a collection of birds lately received from Fiji, and
now forming part of the Macleayan museum, with a list of all the
species known to inhabit the Fijian group.

Description of a new species of bat, Tapliyzous Ha>gravii.

By Dr. Cox : On the arms and weapons of the aborigines of
Australasia and Polynesia.

My own contributions have been. A short account of the
Entozoa taken from a sun fish, captured at Port Stephens.

Notes on a new species of Dendrophis, from Cleveland Bay.

General observations on the zoological results of the Chevert
expedition to New Guinea.

By Mi-. Masters : Part 1 of the ornithology of the voyage of the
Chevert. This paper treats of the Australian birds only, it con-
tains descriptions of ten new species, and gives much information
about many previously little known. The birds of New Guinea
will form the subject of Mr. Masters's next paper.

In addition to the reading of these papers there have been some
very interesting exhibits at the meetings, and several handsome
donations have been made to the Museum of the society.

The papers read during the same period at the meetings of the
Boyal Society of New South Wales on scientific subjects have
been —

Descriptions of eleven new species of terrestial and marine
shells from the north-east coast of Australia. By John Brazier,
C.M.Z.S.

Iron and coal deposits at Wallerawang. By Professor Liversidge.
Nickel mineral from New Caledonia. By Professor Liversidge.
Results of observations of the late Transit of Venus. By H. C.
Russell, M.A., Government Astronomer.

Results of observations at Eden of the late Transit of Venus.
By the Rev. William Scott, M.A., Warden of St. Paul's College.

OF NEAV SOUTH WALES. 87

The President of the Society, the Rev. W. B. Clarke, M.A., read
on the occasion of the annual meeting on the 12th May a very
lengthy address on a variety of subjects of the greatest interest to
the naturalist. The matter chiefly dwelt upon, however, was the
scientific results of the Challenger expedition, and a most elaborate
and interesting account of the wonderful deep-sea discoveries of
Professor Wyville Thomson and his able assistants takes up the
largest portion of this very able address. The reverend gentleman
has since supplemented his address by reading at a meeting of the
society only a month ago a further account of the Challenger dis-
coveries, bringing in fact our knowledge of their proceedings down
to the present day.

A very useful little volume has been published during the year,
at the Government Printing Office, by the direction of the Hon.
John Lucas, Minister for Mines. It is entitled " Mines and
Mineral Statistics of New South Wales," and contains : — Notes on
the geological collection of the Department of Mines. By Charles
Wilkinson, Esq., Government geologist. — Remarks on the sedi-
mentary formations of New South Wales. By the Rev. W. B.
Clarke, M.A., F.G.S., F.R.G.S., &c. — Notes on the iron and coal
deposits of Wallerawang, and , on the diamond fields. By Professor
Liversidge, F.C.S., F.G.S., &c. ; and reports from the Wardens of
the various gold mining districts of the colony.

Another work of a very useful character has just issued, or is
about to issue from the Government Printing Press. It is the
first part of a work on the birds of Australia, by E. P. Ramsay,
F.L.S., &c, Curator of the Australian Museum. The part now
published comprehends the whole of the raptorial birds, and if the
work is completed in the same careful and correct way as the first
part, it will prove of the greatest value to the ornithologist.

I have not been able to hear of any Botanical publication in New
South Wales during the year.*

In the colony of Victoria there are several societies of a more or
less scientific character.

* This is a mistake. I find that (luring the year a very beautiful illustrated work on
the Orchids of Australia has been printed at the Government Printing Office by Mr. Fitz-
gerald of the Lands Department.

88 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE L1NNEAN SOCIETY

Of these the Royal Society of Victoria takes the first place.

The papers read at its meetings during the last year on subjects

connected with Natural History were : —

On some upper Paleozoic Polyzoa from Queensland. By Mr. R.

Etheridge.

■ On the Importance of a more close and systematic observation

of the Oceanic and Atmospheric Phenomena of our Coasts. By
Mr. T. Rawlinson.

An account of some of the results of the Challenger Expedition.
By Mr. G. Foord.

On the phenomena of approach and recession exhibited by
bodies under the influence of radial energy. By Mr. A. M.
Smith.

On the meteor of April 15. By Mr. J. Berry.
The Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria have, I
am told, published during the year a volume of their Transactions,
but I have been unable to procure, or even see, a copy of it, and I
am entirely without information as to the character of the publi-
cation.

The Microscopical Society of Melbourne has, I am informed,
held many meetings during the year, but has not published any-
thing.

The Mining Department of the Victorian Government has just
published a geological map of the whole of Australia, accompanied
by a progress report of the geological survey of Victoria. By Mr-
R. B. Smyth. A description of some fossil fruits from the gold
drift sections of Victoria. By Baron Von Mueller. — Two decades
of the paleontology of Victoria. By Professor M'Coy.— Several
essays by the analyst, Mr. Cosmo Newberry, Mr. Howitt, and
others taking part in the geological survey.

Baron Von Mueller has also just published a small pamphlet on
some Papuan plants, collected during my late expedition to New
Guinea, in the Chevert. The same distinguished botanist has, I
believe, published several parts of his " Fragmenta Phyoi graphic?
Australia:;' during the past year, as well as a long and really
useful article in some publication connected with the International
Exhibition at Philadelphia, on the subject of the vegetative capa-
bilities of Victoria.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 89

It will thus be seen that our neighbours of Victoria are far from
being behind-hand in the pursuit of natural history.

I have not been able to ascertain that anything has been pub-
lished in Queensland having reference to natural history during
1875. Bat a museum has been founded at Brisbane, and consi-
derable progress has been made towards a geological survey of the
colony.

In South Australia, Mr. Waterhouse, the director of the public .
Museum at Adelaide, has published a catalogue of the mammals
and birds of that colony and of the Northern territory ; and Dr.
Schomburgh, the director of the public gardens, has published an
interesting paper on the flora of the colony, giving a complete list
of all the plants known both in South Australia proper and the
Northern territory. Both these papers have made their appear-
ance in a volume published by order of the Government for the
Intel-national Exhibition at Philadelphia, under the name of the
" Handbook of South Australia."

Tasmania still remains the subject of the very interesting
experiment made some years ago of introducing salmon ova into
its rivers. Many reports have each year been circulated about the
reappearance of these fish, and I believe that there is good ground
to believe now that such is really the case ; but definite proof
seems still to be wanting of the perfect success of the experiment.

I find it impossible to get information as to what has been done
in scientific matters in New Zealand during the past year ; but
we know that it possesses four museums, each presided over by
men of scientific eminence, and that the colony numbers among its
population many gentlemen of considerable scientific attainments.
I have only seen one publication — a small volume on the geology
of Otago, by P. W. Hutton, Provincial Geologist. From News-
papers also I derive the information that considerable discoveries
have been made of moa and other bones, giving evidence of the
very late disappearance of these gigantic birds. .

In other parts of the world, amidst a mass of works published
<3ii natural history, a good deal has been written which refers to
Australian subjects.

90 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

The " Proceedings G f the Zoological Society of London for 1875"
(including Part 4 of 1874, but published in 1875) contain the
following : — -

Letter concerning the existence of a new parrot on the east coast
of Australia. By John Goold, F.R.S., &c.

Descriptions of five new birds from Queensland, and of the egg
of Ghlamyclodera metadata. By E. P. Ramsay, C.M.Z.S.

Description of a new species of kangaroo. By Albert Gunther,
V.P.Z.S., &c.

Ornithological notes from Fiji, with descriptions of supposed new
species of birds. By E. L. Layard, F.Z.S., etc., H.B.M. Consul
for Fiji and Tonga.

Descriptions of ten new species of shells from the collection of
Mr. Charles Coxen, of Brisbane. By John Brazier, C.M.Z.S., &c.

On the kangaroo called Halmaturus luctuosus, by DAlbertis,
and its affinities. By A. H. Garrod, B.A., F.Z.S., Fellow of St.
John's College, Cambridge, Protector of the Society.

Notes on the original specimen of PtilonorJiyncus Rawnsleyi. By
E. P. Bamsay, C.M.Z.S., &c.

Further remarks on the Cassowaries living in the Society's
Gardens, and other species of the genus Gasuarius. By P. L.
Sclater, M.A., Ph. D., F.R.S., Secretary to the Society.

Descriptions of some rare eggs of Australian birds. By E. P.
Ramsay, C.M.Z.S.

Descriptions of some supposed new species of birds from the
Fiji Islands. By E. L. Layard, F.Z.S., H.B.M.C, administering
the Government.

Descriptions of three new species of Australian birds. By John
Gould, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., &c.

Descriptions of three new species of shells from Australia. By
George French Angus, C.M.Z.S., F.L.S., &c.

Notes on Fijian birds. By E. L. Layard, F.Z.S., &c.

The twenty-first of his series of memoirs on the extinct birds of
the genus Dinornis. By Professor Owen, C.B., F.R.S., &c.

The proceedings of the Linnsean Society of London for 1875 do
not contain (as far, at all events, as their publications have reached
this country) any paper specially relating to Australia, either in

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 91

their zoological or botanical divisions. This, however, is unusual,
as during the last few years many articles, chiefly on the ento-
mology of Australia, have appeared in its journal from the pen of
Francis P. Pascoe, F.L.S., and E. Saunders, F.L.S.

The publications affecting Australia in the Transactions of the
Entomological Society of London are : —

Contributions towards a knowledge of the Rhopalocera of Aus-
tralia. By Arthur Butler, F.L.S. and F.Z.S., Arc.

Descriptions of new Coleoptera from Australia. By Charles O.
Waterhouse.

The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (the very best
periodical I know) have the following articles more or less affect-
ing Australia.

Description of two new species of Crustacea, from New Zealand.
By Captain F. M. Hutton, C.M.Z.S., &c.

Notes on Coleoptera, with description of new genera and species,
part 3. By Francis P. Pascoe, F.L.S., &c.

Descriptions of five new species of fishes, obtained in the New
Zealand seas, by H.M.S. Challenger's expedition, in July. 1874.
By James Hector, M.D., C.M.Z S., &c.

Notes on certain genera of Agarislidw, with descriptions of new
species. By Arthur Gardiner Butler, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c.

On Pelagonomertes Rollestoni. By H. N. Mosely, naturalist on
board H.M.S. Challenger.

On a third new Tertiary species of Trigonia. By Frederick
M'Coy, Professor of Natural Science in the University of Mel-
bourne.

Dr. A. B. Meyer, on the identity of Ceratodus Forsteri and
Miolepis. From the proceedings of the Royal Society.

Notes on an apparently new parrot, from Card well, N.E. Aus-
tralia. By Frederick M'Coy, Professor of Natural Science in the
University of Melbourne.

Additions to the Australian Curculionida;, Part 8. By Francis
P. Pascoe, F.L.S., &c.

On a Tertiary Pleurotomaria. By Frederick M'Coy, Professor
of Natural Science in the University of Melbourne.

92 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

Descriptions of new genera and species of New Zealand Cole-
optera. By Francis P. Pascoe, F.L.S., <fcc.

Further contributions to the Ornithology of Australia. By
John Gould, F.R.S., &c.

Descriptions of new species of New Zealand Fish. By F. M.
Hutton, Curator of the Otago Museum.

On some New and Undescribed Species of Crustacea, from the
Samoan Islands. By Edward J. Miers, Zoological Department,
British Museum.

Descriptions of a new species of Trichoglossus, from Fiji. By
E. L. Layard, F.Z.S., Consul for Fiji and Tonga.

I am aware that the list I have now given of the papers read
and books written during the year, bearing chiefly on the natural
history of Australia is a most imperfect one, even as regards the
publications in the colonies themselves, as well as in the mother
country.

But to give a full and correct list is quite beyond my power-
To do so would necessitate the examination of a series of foreign
scientific periodicals, too numerous to mention. Suffice it to say
that the student who wishes to keep himself informed as to all the
literary productions on the natural history of Australia must
gather his information from a multiplicity of sources, and in a
variety of languages. That this is so, I can myself testify, but is
it either right or necessary that it should be so 1

As we know, the study of natural history is, as a rule, more
general in France and Germany than it has ever been in England,
and it is to the great naturalists of these countries the scientific
world is indebted for the most prized and valuable works. I
admit, therefore, that any one aspiring to what may be called the
higher branches of natural science must be a good linguist. He
must be acquainted with Greek, Latin, French, and German, and
would find the benefit of knowing also the Dutch, Italian, Russian,
and Norwegian languages. But there may be, and indeed are
here, many ardent students of nature, who are not polyglottists,
and who, even if they were, have not the means of accumulating
the mass of literature necessary to enable them to investigate a
single group of a strictly Australian family.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 93

This difficulty may, I think, be much reduced, if not ultimately
entirely obviated, by means of our society.

With this view I would suggest that upon any revision or re-
classification of a group of plants or animals undertaken by a
member of the society, such revision or reclassification should be
accompanied by reproduced descriptions of each genus and species,
with proper references to the original authors.

Of course these pirated descriptions should be avoided where the
original work is at all attainable.

My position as President of this Society gives me no right to
thrust my advice upon you, but I am desirous of giving assistance,
in so far as my judgment approves, in contributing to the useful-
ness of the society, and I claim to know to some extent how that
can be best accomplished.

I am convinced that we cannot do better in the present state of
Natural History in Australia than confine our attention to observ-
ing, cataloguing, and describing. The synthetical work may well,
I think, be left for the present to the legion of writers who aspire
to what is foolishly called " high science."

The reason why I recommend descriptive catalogues is because
they are not only what are most required (our knowledge of the
Fauna of Australia being still very limited), but because any
generalization of, or deductions from, what we do know cannot be
of much value with our present imperfect knowledge.

Something has already been done in this direction in this country.
Mr. Kreft, the late Curator of the Australian Museum, published
some yeai-s ago an excellent work on the then known snakes of
Australia. The late Dr. Grey, of the British Museum, published
also, some years ago, " The Lizards of Australia ;" and Mr. Masters
has compiled catalogues of our Coleoptera and Diurnal Lepidopfera.

There is no better exercise for the student than the describing of
new species, and there certainly is no better way of making himself
useful to the workers in other spheres of Natural History who have
not the same opportunities of observation and comparison. Classi-
fication and nomenclature which involves the description of new
.species are to science what grammar and words are to a language.
Without them it becomes impossible to benefit by the observations

94 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEA.N SOCIETY

of others, or to communicate to others one's own. The analytical
experience also, which is involved in the act of description, and the
carefu 1 study it necessitates of structure and anatomy, render it a
good as we 1 ! as useful way of laying the solid foundation of know-
ledge, on which a superstructure of " high science " may be reared.

The progress of natural science generally throughout the year
1875, if estimated by the number of publications and the mass of
printed matter laid before the public, would be perhaps above the
average.

And undoubtedly some men of the highest renown as physi-
ologists have daring that period contributed much towards our
acquaintance with both animal and vegetable structure. But
unfortunately it seems to have become the fashion, even among our
best men, English and foreign, to aim at originality by ueing
obscure, to confound physics and metaphysics, and to substitute
transcendentalism for a p 1 ain statement of facts. And I am afraid
that this sort of writing is encouraged by a reading, but not very
discerning pub i; c who are prone to accept sensationalism as a mark
of genius, and ^ong words as proofs of knowledge.

Foremost amongst the books of the year must be reckoned
Darwin's " Insectivorous Plants." In this admirable work we
have, as indeed in all his productions, an example of patient and
laborious investigation, coupled with sjmthetical genius of most
remai'kabie power.

Next to Darwin may be ranked Hackel. No modern physio-
logist has been a more ardent or voluminous supporter of the
evolution theory of- creation for some years than Hackel. His
latest work, p- Wished in 1874, though not reaching this country
till 1375. entitled " Die Gustrsea — Theorie, die phylogenetische
Classification uud die Hemelogie der Keimblatter," is an attempt
to found a theory of classification, or even creation, upon an
embryonal form, which he names gastraa.

Another German, Dr. Alexander Gotte, Professor of the Uni-
versity of Strasburg, has another embryonic theory, and endeavours
to show that every species originates through the laws regulating
the first divisions of the yolk.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES, 95

And still another German, Dr. *Anton Dohni, now of Naples,
asserts with some force that development is not always progressive
in the sense meant by Lamarck, but that it is quite as ready to be
retrogressive.

Professor Huxley also lias during the year propounded a new
classification of the animal kingdom, founded chiefly, as I under-
stand it, upon visceral development, on the ground that a Phylo-
genetic classification, though the best, cannot for a Jong time be
investigated in such a thorough manner as to form a sound basis
of taxonomy.

These are, [ think, the chief of what may be called the specula-
tive works on natural science lately published ; but there are
many others of a perhaps more useful but less pretentious character,
which I would willingly notice if time and space would warrant it.

It is evident, I think, from the general tenor of scientific litera-
ture for some years past, that the evolution theory, long so
unpopular, and which under Lamarck's teaching gained so few
proselytes, has, under the superior fascinations of Darwin's admir-
able work, " The Origin of Species," become the fashionable faith.

But what may be generally believed is not necessarily true or
worthy of belief.

The mass of the reading world are generally prepared to accept
without much question, the views adopted by those whom they
have been accustomed to look up to as authorities.

The really scientific men who have become converts to the
doctrine, and they are now very numerous, differ in reality a
great deal more than they agree. While all accept the principle
of evolution, they almost al I differ as to the process. The conse-
quence is, that we have theory after theory propounded, all
founded no doubt, upon useful and laborious investigations, but
which are use 1 ess in themselves, except as giving a motive for more
extended observations.

I believe myself, that the Scottish verdict of " not proven"
would be the best way of meeting all these barren theories.

We know certain things. We know from the evidence of the
rocks that species both of plants and animals have existed on the
earth, which are now extinct. We know that species which now

96 THE PROCEEDINGS OF»THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

exist did not exist at a previous period. And Ave know that no
apparent variation can be traced in any existing species since the
period assigned for man's first appearance on the globe. And it
must be admitted that the testimony of the rocks, so far From
giving ground for a theory of a continuous modification of form,
seems rather to afford proof that there have been many successions
of distinct creations at long intervening periods.

Our knowledge of creation or of the order of creation
extends no further than this, notwithstanding the anxious efforts
of the most accomplished men of the present and past generations.
It seems really as if we had, at this point, reached the utmost
range of the human intellect.

But if the mystery of creation is ever to be unveiled by man —
if the plan of the universe, or, in other words, the mind of the
Almighty is ever to be ascertained by human means, it will be by
a thoughtful study of the works of the Creator, and by a genuine
searching after truth, unbiassed by all previously-conceived
theories.

The business of the ordinary monthly meeting was then
proceeded with.

William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.

MEMBERS PROPOSED.

Mr. Harrie Wood, Under-Secretary for Mines ; Mr. Guilfoyle,
Director Botanic Gardens, Melbourne ; the Hon. F. Lord, M.L.C.,
St. Leonards ; Mr. Alfred Brown, of Queensland.

Mr. Brazier read the following Paper : —

v3*

CHideZ',

i Gdsteracantha crucigera. 2 Tholia Macleayi. 3 Argiope variabilis.
3« Argiope, underside. 4 A. lunata. 4a A. lunata, underside. 5
Epeira MacUayi. 6 E Mastersii. 6a E Mastersii, underside. 7 and
7« E. caudata. 8 A/eta streatipes.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

97

Description of two new species of Australian Land Shells. —
By J. Brazier, C.M.Z.S.

1. — Helix (Hydra) Tomsoni.
Shell umbilicated, depressly globose, solid, surface covered with
lengthened granulations ; distinctly banded with spiral chestnut
lines and bands ; a broad one at the suture, whorls 5, rather
con\ r ex, the last roundly convex, base convex, marked same as
upper surface ; having a dark bi'oad band round the umbilicus,
aperture roundly lunate, bluish white within, peristome thickened
and l'eflected, margins approximating, the right descending,
columellar margin largely reflected over the umbilicus.

Diam. Maj. 14, min. 12, alt. 11 lin.

Hob. Mount Elliott, Queensland. — Coll., Mr. C. Coxen.

2. — Helix (Hydra) Hanni.
Shell umbilicated. depressly globose, finely obliquely striated,
fulvous, ornamented with two broad chestnut zones, one at the
suture and one a little above the periphery; spire depressed,
obtuse, whorls 5, convex, the last roundly convex, base convex,
and ornamented with numerous chestnut lines, one broad with
darker between, and a broad one encircling the umbilicus, aperture
oblique, lunately lxmnded, peristome blackish reflected, margin
approximating, right descending, collumellar margin reflected and
expanded over the umbilicus.

Diam. Maj. 15|, min. 12, alt. 9| lin.

Hab. Bowen, Port Denison, Queensland. — Coll., Mr. C. Coxen.

I have only seen one specimen of this species, and it differs from
Helix Incei and Yulei by being more depressed and broader, and

in its lesser markings.

t-

98 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

MONDAY, 28th FEBRUARY, 1876.

William Ma.cleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.

NEW MEMBERS PROPOSED.

Eyre Goulburn Ellis and E. Reading, Esqs.

MEMBERS ELECTED.

Mr. Harrie Woods, Mr. Guilfoyle, Hon. F. Lord, Mr. Alfred
Brown.

The following papers were read : —

Descriptions of Thirty -five new species of Land Shells from New
Guinea, Australia, and Islands in Torres Straits, collected
during the Chevert Expedition — by John Brazier, C.MZ.S.

The collection of shells made during the voyage of the " Chevert "
is very large, and comprises many species hitherto unknown. The
arrangement and descriptions of them, which, by Mr. Macleay's
desire, I have undertaken, is not, therefore, a thing that can be
done in a day, or in one paper ; I have accordingly limited
myself in this, the first of a series of papers, to the descriptions
of the new species of land shells in the collection.

1. — Helix (Rhytida) Beddomei.

Shell largely and openly umbilicated, rather depressly globose,
very thin, obliquely closely rugosely striated on upper surface,
pale yellowish brown, shining, irregularly streaked with dark
yellow ; apex obtuse, whorls 4|, moderately convex, the last very
large, slightly flattened and inflated in front ; suture distinct,
rounded at the periphery ; base convex, nearly smooth, umbilicus
perspective, margin smooth, aperture oblique, lunately ovate,
peristome simple, pinkish within, margins approximating, the
right descending in front, collumellar margin broad and reflected.

Diam. Maj. 14, min. 11J, alt. 7 lin.

Hob. Albany Island and Cape York, North Australia.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 99

This species is somewhat allied to Helix Franklandensis Forbes
— it differs by being much thinner, more turbinated, coarser in
sculpture, smaller umbilicus, pale yellowish, with darker radiating
streaks. It was first found by Mr. C E. Beddome, on Albany
Island, some distance below the surface, amongst great quantities
of volcanic scoria, and when at Cape York last July, 1875, I also
found it in the same localities

2. — Helix (Rhytida) Jamesi.

Shell umbilicated, flatly orbicularly depressed, very closely
and finely striated, glossy, bright horn yellow, streaked with brown
rays ; whorls 4, slightly convex, quickly increasing, last very
large and flattened in front ; not descending, striae showing more
plainly at the suture, spire depressed, apex obtuse, roundly convex
at the periphery, base rounded, nearly smooth, rayed as above,
umbilicus wide and moderately deep, aperture diagonal, lunately
oval, peristome thin, simple, margins distant, right straight, the
outer arched, columellar slightly reflected.

Diam. Maj. 10|, min. 8|, alt. 4 lin.

Hob. Palm Island, North-east Australia.

This species approaches to Helix capillacea Fer. It differs by
being flatly depressed, nearly smooth, showing very faint silky
lines, at the suture they become more like fine ribs ; colour dif
ferent, apd rayed with brownish-yellow ; umbilicus much wider,
and in all respects a much thinner shell. Five specimens found
under stones in the thick jungle.

3. — Helix (Rhytida) Hobsoni.
Shell umbilicated, rather flatly orbicularly depressed ; thin,
glossy, dark-yellowish horn, nearly smooth, faintly striated, with
numerous irregular dark radiating rays; whorls 3 to 3|, slightly
convex, last large, depressed above, descending a little in front,
spire slightly elevated, apex obtuse, suture impressed, periphery
roundly convex, base convex, smooth, umbilicus large, perspective,
regularly rounded at the margin, aperture somewhat oblique,
lunately oval, interior pink, peristome simple, thin, margins
approximating, columellar margin thinly expanded.

100 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

Diam. Maj. 4^, min. 3^, alt. 2, liu.

Hab. Palm Island, North-east Coast of Australia.

This species varies in colour from bright chestnut to yellowish-
brown, and has dark irregular radiating rays. Ten specimens
found.

4. — Helix (Thalassia) annulus.

Shell minutely perforated, depressed, thin, transparent, smooth,
shining olivaceous or yellowish horny, spire moderately conical,
apex obtuse, whorls 5, slightly convex, pei'iphery I'ounded, above
banded with one dark-brown band running into the suture and
spirally to the apex ; base convex, smooth, umbilicus minute,
shallow, aperture nearly diagonal, lunate, peristome simple, acute,
margins distant, the right thin, the columellar margin whitish,
thickened, slightly reflected.

Diam. Maj. 6^, min. 5J, alt. 3, lin.

Hab. Banks of Katow River, New Guinea.

This thin transparent species . was found at the village of
Marrahata, mouth of Katow River, near the seashore, in moist
places under cocoanut trees, living in clusters inside of old cocoa
husks. Three dead and one living specimen were found at Dunge-
ness Island, Torres' Straits, about 40 miles south from Katow.
They may have been carried on drift timber and palm roots which
are to be seen floating in the Straits after the North-west
Monsoons.

5. — Helix (Thalassia) Sappho.

Shell perforated, orbicularly depressed, thin, sub-pellucid, nearly
smooth, glossy, horny, whorls 44, slightly convex, the last large
and rounded at the periphery, suture flattened, spire obtuse, base
convex, having strise running into the umbilicus, aperture diagonal,
ovately lunate, peristome thin, margins distant, the upper and
outer very thin, columellar margin thickened into a white callus,
grooved in the middle, reflected partly over the umbilicus like a
spout.

Diam. Maj. 3£, min. 2f, alt. 1| lin.

Hab. Yule Island, New Guinea.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 101

A simple horny shell, slightly shining, with a callus like tooth
divided, and turned back like a spout.

6. — Helix (Discus) Lomonti.

Shell umbilicated, very much depressed, lenticular, thin, pellu-
cid, light brown, rather obliquely striated, whorls 5|, flattened,
the last sharply keeled, suture with narrow margin, base slightly
convex, umbilicus large, wide open, aperture diagonal, compressly
ovate, peristome thin, acute, margins distant, columella thick-
ened.

Diam. Maj. 6, min. 5|, alt. 1| lin.

Ilab. Yule Island, New Guinea, found under decayed timber.
A thin, flat, depressed, pellucid, light brown species comes in
the section with Helix Merziana and Swainsoni, Pp.

7. — Helix (Conulus) Maino.

Shell minutely perforated, globosely conical, thin, shining, hya-
line, pale horny (under the lens), marked with fine oblique silky
strias, and minute spiral lines, whorls 5J, gradually increasing,
roundly convex, the last large and inflated, faintly keeled at the
periphery, base convexly rounded, with the striae more coarse than
above, aperture nearly vertical, ovate, peristome simple, thin,
acute, margins distant, columellar margin reflected covering one-
fourth of the minute umbilicus.

Diam. Maj. 2, min. 1|, alt. 2 lin.

Hah. Yule Island, New Guinea, found on trees.

The sculpture of this pretty little species comes out beautifully
when placed under the microscope, the striae being as fine as silk.
Seventeen specimens only found on trees in the thick jungle.

8. — Helix (Conulus) Reedei.
Shell minutely perforated, globosely conical, thin, shining, light
brown (under the lens), marked with fine oblique silky striae, and
minute spiral lines, whorls 5, roundly convex, the last large, cre-
nulated at the suture, sj)ire conoid, apex obtuse, obsoletely keeled
at the periphery, base convex, pale yellowish horn, marked with
spiral striae, aperture diagonal, roundly lunate, peristome simple,

102 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

thin, acute, margins distant, columellar margin slightly dilated,
covering half the umbilicus.

Diam. Maj. 2\, min. 1|, alt. 2 lin.

Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; found on the leaves of
trees on the most elevated peak of the Island.

The upper half of this species is of a light brown, the lower half
pale yellowish horn, having the peculiar minute spiral decussating
lines giving a fenestrated appearance to the shell.

9. — Helix (Conulus) Darnleyensis.

Shell imperforated, globosely conical, thin, hyaline, pale horny,
faintly marked with silky strise, rather oblique, whorls 4, roundly
convex, the upper one spirally sculptured with fine lines, the last
large and inflated, suture deeply impressed, spire conoid, apex
obtuse, periphery rounded, base convex, mai'ked with spiral lines,
aperture oblique, somewhat ovate, peristome simple, thin, margins
distant, columellar rather straight with a thin reflected plate on the
imperfo ration.

Diam. Maj. '2 J, min. 2, alt. 2 lin.

Hub. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; found on trees.

10. — Helix (Conulus) Barnardensis.

Shell minutely umbilicated, turtunately globose, thin, white,
transparent, regularly minutely finely striated, whorls 4, convex,
spire conoid, apex obtuse, slightly keeled at the periphery ; base
convexly rounded, smoother than above, aperture vertical, some-
what squarely ovate, margins distant, the columellar margin dilated
and reflected covering one-fourth of the umbilicus.

Diam. Maj. 1, min. f, alt. 1, lin.

Hob. Barnard Islands, No. 3, North-east Coast of Australia.

11. — Helix (Conulus) Nepeanensis.

Shell minutely umbilicated, tui-binately depressed, thin, yellowish
brown, coarsely obliquely striated, whorls 5, convex, the last large,
suture distinct, spire conoid, apex obtuse, small minute callus-like
keel at the periphery ; base rounded, marked with fine striae,
aperture diagonal, roundly lunar, peristome thin, simple, margins
distant, columellar margin rather thickened and slightly reflected.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 103

Diam. Maj. If, min. 1^, alt. 1 lin.

Hah. Nepean Island, also Cocacanut Island, Torres Straits,
under leaves on the ground. .

This species is allied to Helix Russelli, Brazier, but may be
distinguished by its coarser sculpture. About forty specimens
found at the localities given above.

12. — Helix (Conulus) Starkei.

Shell minutely umbilicated, turbinately depressed, thin, reddish-
brown, obliquely marked with rib-like stria?, interstices show-
ing faint indications of smaller lines, whorls 5, roundly
convex, suture deep, spire somewhat conoid, apex obtuse, periphery
minutely keeled, base convex, marked with striae finer than above
and crossed with minute spiral silky lines ; umbilicus deep, rounded
at the margin, aperture oblique, roundly lunate, peristome thin,
simple, margins distant, columellar nearly straight and reflected.

Diam. Maj. If, min. 1|, alt. 1^ lin.

Hah. Yule Island, New Guinea.

One specimen found under decayed leaves on the ground. The
sculpture of it is very remarkable, above quite rough rib-like, and
from the centre nearly smooth, crossed with fine spiral lines run-
ning into the umbilicus.

13. — Helix (Patula) Spaldingi.

Shell rather broadly and perspectively umbilicated, depressly
orbicular, thin, translucent, not shining, rather white, irregularly
obliquely rugosely striated, interstices smooth, spire moderately
flattened, apex obtuse, suture deep, whorls 3£, scarcely convex, last
rather large and inflated, angled above, rounded at the periphery,
base roundly convex, umbilicus half the width of the shell, some-
what deep and rounded at its margins, aperture nearly vertical,
sub-circular, peristome thin, acute, margins approximating, the
right straight, columellar margin slightly reflected.

Diam. Maj. 2^, min. If, alt. 1^, least alt. f, lin.

Hah. Cape York and Albany Island, North Australia ; also
Bet, Sue, Cocoa Nut, and Warrior Islands — Torres Straits, under
leaves and decayed wood.

104 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

This species approaches near to Helix perspvctiva, Say, found
in North America. Cape York and Albany Island specimens
run large, from the other islands much smaller.

14. — Helix (Conulus *?) Porti.

Shell imperforated, turbinately globose, thin, shining, trans-
parent, horny yellow, regularly mai'ked with very fine oblique
striae, transversely striated, giving the shell the appearance of
being granulated ; whorls, 3-|, roundly convex, spire conoid, apex
roundly obtuse, suture distinct, roundly convex at the periphery,
base convex, with spinal striae, aperture diagonal, lunately
rounded, peristome thin, acute, margins distant, columellar margin
rather thickened into a minute callus plate.

Diam. Maj. |, min. J, alt. £.

Hob. Albany Island, North Australia.

Only one specimen found amongst a vast quantity of volcanic-
scoria.

15. — Helix (Conulus ?) Grenvillei.

Shell as seen under the lens, imperforated, turbinately
depressed, thin, transparent, reddish, spirally striated, whorls 3|,
convexly rounded, studded with three rows of spiral stunted
hairy bristles, not seen on the upper whorls, rather obliquely
rugosely striated at the suture, spire moderately conoid, obtuse at
the apex, periphery rounded, base convex, marked with fine striae,
aperture nearly vertical, ovately rounded, peristome thin, simple,
acute, margins distant, the right very thin.

Diam., Maj., | min. ^ alt. \ lin.

Hah. Home Islands, off Cape Grenville, North East
Australia.

Characterised by bristly hair on the centre of the last whorl,
and resembles, in miniature, the Helix aculeata, Muller, from
Europe. One specimen only found under leaves.

16. — Helix (Ochthephila) D'Albertisi.
Shell umbilicated, pyramidally conical, thin, light reddish
brown, hyaline, spire raised, apex white, acute, whorls 8£, slightly
convex, the upper half closely, obliquely, rugosely lined, the lower

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 105

spirally granulated, suture channeled, crenulated,* below small
minute holes, having raised like callus at their edge, periphery
with small keel, divided and crenulated, base convex, more rugose
than upper surface, umbilicus rounded, small, and deep, minute
holes round the edge, aperture oblique, nearly circular, peristome
thin, margins continuous, with thin deposit of callus on the body
whorl ; columellar margin slightly reflected over the umbilicus.

Diam. Maj. 3f, min. 3|, alt. 4 lin.

Hab. Yule Island, New Guinea.

17. — Helix (Hadra) Palmensis.

Shell umbilicated, globosely turbinated, finely striated, the
whole surface marked with minute zig-zag and lengthened grains,
giving the shell a granulated appearance, reddish yellow, with
numerous spiral chestnut lines and bands, very dark at the
mouth, whorls 6, slightly convex, the last convex above, deflected
in front, suture crenulated and encircled with a dark blackish
band ; spire conical, apex obtuse, base rounded, marked as above,
having coarser lines entering the umbilicus, with a dark broad
band round it, aperture somewhat diagonal, ovately lunate, within
shining livid hue, peristome blue-black, thick, and broadly
expanded and reflected, margins approximating, the right
descending at the upper part, and connected by a thin callus ;
columellar margin very much thickened and expanded half over
the umbilicus.

Variety. Yellowish, with one band one line wide on the peri-
phery, running spirally to the apex, with another broad one at
the suture, nearly obsolete on the second whorl, peristome lightish
brown, very dark behind, dark reddish brown round the
umbilicus.

Diam. Maj. 23, min. 18, alt. 17 lines.

Hab. Palm Island, North-east Australia ; found under stones
and rocks in the thick jungle.

18. — Helix (Geotrochus) Yulensis.
Shell imperforated, conic, trochus shaped, rather thin, obliquely
finely striated and obsoletely granulated ; whitish, ornamented

106 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

with small long narrow light reddish streaks and spots, more
numerous towards the upper part, spire conoid, rather acute,
whorls 4 to 4^, slightly convex, the last more convex, marked
round the peripheiy, which is acute with a broad white opaque
band, base convex, with obsolete white bands, interior and colu-
mellar pink, peristome jet black, aperture oblique, triangularly
ovate, margins approaching, right bisinuated and contracted in
front, thickened and reflected.

Diam. Maj. 10J, min. 8|, alfc. 6.

Hah. Yule Island, New Guinea.

This interesting species differs from anything known to me from
New Guinea, it is so variable in colour. Some specimens have
the light reddish streaks obliquely placed, and destitute of the
opaque white lines running spirally iuwards on the body whorl and
the fine rose tint round the columellar and interior of the aperture ;
peristome at the periphery twisted and bisinuated inwards.

19. — Helix (Geotrochus) Strabo.

Shell imperforated, conic, somewhat trochus shaped, thin, finely
striated, and obsoletely spirally marked with lengthened granula-
tions ; bright straw yellow, spire conoid, apex acute, whorls 4;
slightly convex, the 3 upper nearly smooth, suture channelled,
periphery sharply keeled, rounded in front, base convex and
marked with faint white opaque lines ; aperture oblique, triangu-
larly ovate, peristome expanded and reflected, rose pink, margins
distant, the right bisinuated inwards at the front, columellar margin
regular and reflected.

Diam. Maj. 11, min. 8^, alt. 6 J lin.

Hab. Katow River, New Guinea ; found on trees.

This is another curious form, having the centre or outer margin
of the peristome bright rose colour and formed like a spout, and
between the margins and on the base a faint blotch of rose pint.
Only three specimens found on the banks of the above river.

20. — Helix (Geotrochus) Siculus.
Shell narrowly umbilicated, depressly globose, rather solid, finely
striated, pale brown, ornamented with three chestnut bands, two

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 107

narrow and one broad contiguous to that at the suture ; spire
conoid, apex dark brown, obtuse, whorls 5, slightly convex,
rounded at the periphery, convex at the base, ornamented with
eight narrow spiral chestnut lines ; aperture diagonal, roundly
lunate, peristome rose pink, slightly expanded and reflected, colu-
mellar dilated and reflected, concealing one-fourth of the umbi-
licus.

Variety. With chestnut band on the periphery, and running
spirally round the suture to the apex.

Diam. Maj. 10, min. 8, alt. 6| lines.

Hab. Banks of Katow River, New Guinea.

Two specimens only found of this species on trees.

21. — Helix (Geotrochus) Braziers.

Shell with covered umbilicus, depressly conical, rugosely
obliquely and spirally striated, yellowish-brown, marbled with
blackish-brown flames, whorls 4 to 4J, convex, the last large, de-
scending in front, apex conoid, obtuse, upper whorl nearly smooth,
brown, periphery moderately rounded, base convex, marked as
above, aperture oblique, lunately ovate, peristome white, thickened
and reflected, interior of aperture bright brown, margins approxi-
mating, the right descending, columellar margin thickened, dark-
brownish and expanded over the umbilicus.

Diam. Maj. 13, min. 10|, alt. 8 J lin.

Hab. Yule Island, New Guinea, found on trees.

This species resembles in its markings Helix Lombei, Pfr. from
Solomon Islands.

22. — Helix (Geotrochus) Zeno.

Shell imperforated, globosely turbinated, obliquely and trans-
versely minutely rugosely grained, thin, flesh colom*, encircled with
eleven dark-brown bands having white between ; in front all run
into one, spire short, apex obtuse, rose pink, whorls 4J, convex,
the last large, deflected in front, constricted behind the aperture,
which is oblique and somewhat square, peristome purple black,
margins approximating, and joined by a thin callus, the right de-

10S THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

scending, collurnellar margin with sub-erect elongated tooth like
callosity of a rose pink much dilated and reflected.

Diam. Maj. 17, min. 13|, alt. 1^ lin.

Hah. Hall Sound, New Guinea.

Two dead specimens found in the thick forest on high ridges.

23. — Bulimus Macleayi.

Shell minutely perforated, ovately conical, very thin, shining,
transparent, finely striated and obsoletely transversely lined, horny
or tawny throughout, whorls 5J, convex, the last large and inflated
little more than half the whole length, spire rather long, apex acute,
base rounded, aperture somewhat oblique, elongately oval, peris-
stome simple, regular, thin, nearly straight, margins regularly
arched, collurnellar margin with thin plate expanded and reflected
over the umbilicus.

Length 7|, breadth 4, height 3|, length of aperture 4-k, width
2f lines.

Hah. Yule Island, New Guinea.

This species is found on trees in the wet season, and in the dry
in the crevices of coral forming the east side of the island.

24. ToRNATELLINA MaSTERSI.

Shell imperforate, somewhat ovate, very thin, transparent, slightly
shining, horny green, faintly and transversely striated, whorls 5,
convex, that last large and inflated, equalling half the length,
suture impressed, spire conoid, apex obtuse, base rounded, aperture
vertical, ovate, peristome thin, simple, long, narrow, minute4ike
callus tooth on the centre of the body whorl ; whitish, margins
regularly arched, the columellar margin white, thickened with
callus, twisted, divided in the middle and entering spirally in-
wards, leaving a deep groove ; above reflected at its outer edge.

Length 1^, breadth |- line.

Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.

This species is of a very dull colour, more so than any of the
other species described in this paper. Eighteen specimens found
on trees at 600 feet elevation, the highest part of the island.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 109

25. TORNATELLINA GrRENVILLEI.

Shell imperforated, oblong, ovate, thin, glossy, transparent, light
horn colour, obliquely striated, decussated with minute silky lines ;
whorls 5, roundly convex, suture distinctly impressed, spire conoid,
apex obtuse, base convex, aperture somewhat diagonal, elongately
oval, peristome thin, simple, straight, margins regularly arched,
the columellar margin thickened with callus, twisted, reflected and
running spirally inwards, joining the thin white lunate-shaped
tooth placed in the body whorl.

Length 1A, breadth f line.

Hob. Home Islands, North East Australia ; Albany Island,
Cape York.

26. ToRNATELLINA PETTERDI.

Shell imperforate, oblong turretod, very thin, transparent,
shining, smooth, light yellowish horny, whorls 5, convex, last
equalling half the length, spire moderately elongated, obtuse at the
apex, aperture nearly vertical, ovate, small thin tooth placed in
the centre of the body whorl ; columellar thickened, twisted, the
edge entering spirally inwards leaving a deep groove above, peris-
tome thin, simple.

Length 1^, breath 1 line.

Ilab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; found on trees.

27. — TORNATELLINA TERRESTRIS.

Shell imperforated, overtly conical, thin, translucent, rather
smooth, obsoletely striated and spirally lined with silky striae ;
pale "horny, whorls 3|, roundly convex, the last large and globosely
inflated, suture impressed, spire short, obtuse at the apex, aper-
ture very slightly oblique, roundly ovate, small nearly obsolete
thin long tooth on the centre of the body whorl ; peristome thin,
acute, margins regular, the columellar rather thickened, straight,
with a thin long broad plate, sub-twisted and bent in the centre
entering spirally inwards, as seen from the inside, tine decussating
lines all through.

Length 1J, breadth 1 line.

Hob. Yule Island, New Guinea ; found on the ground under
leaves.

110 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
28. TORNATELLINA EuCHARIS.

Shell imperforated, somewhat ovately conical, thin, transparent,
glossy, very finely striated and decussated with finer striae ; pale
straw colour, whorls 3J, convex, the last large and inflated, three-
fourth the whole length, spine very short, apex roundly obtuse,
thickened long callus tooth on the centre of body whorl entering
spirally ; base rounded, aperture nearly vertical, ovate, peristome
membranous, margins regular, the outer arched, columellar twisted,
rather thickened, entering spirally inwards, leaving about it a
small groove.

Length 1^, breadth 1 line.

Hab. Barnard Islands No. 3, North-East Australia.

This graceful species is closely allied to Tornatellina terrestris
Braz., two specimens found on bushes at the above Islands.

29. — Pupa (Vertigo) Macleayi.

Shell sinistral, perforated, ovately oblong, very thin, shining,
white, hyaline, finely striated, crossed with spiral striae, whorls 5,
convexly rounded, two centre large and ventricose, two upper
small, the last very small, somewhat conqjressed ; aperture small,
squai'ely oval, longer than broad, having 7 teeth, 3 on the centre
of the body whorl, the centre one elongated curved and rounded,
small one to the right and left, one long and broad on the inside of
the columella, three more situated inside the base, centre one deep
down opposite the one on the body whorl ; margins continuous,
the right slightly angled at the suture, joining the minute tooth
above, peristome thin and reflected, broadly expanded over the
perforation.

Length 1, breadth ^ line.

Hab. Bet, Sue, Nepean, Dungeness, and Warrior Islands,
Torres Straits.

30. — Pupina Crossei.

Shell oblong, ovate, solid, polished, shining, pellucid, smooth,

glossy, white or reddish horny, whorls 5, moderately convex, the

last in front small, penultimate little more than equal to those

above, aperture circular, vertical, produced rather obliquely out

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. Ill

wards ; peristome and auricles white, thickened, slightly expanded,
the upper oblique, with narrow cut to the suture, covered by a
large curved somewhat triangular callus plate, extending to the
centre of the whorl, deflected at the edge, the lower canal cutting
the coluniellar horizontally, having a small impressed plate above.

Length 3-J, breadth 2, height If, aperture 1 line.

Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia.

The auricle at the upper part of the lip is the chief character
in this species ; it is cut to the suture, and the auricle extends up
to the centre of the penultimate whorl. It and Pupina Thom-
soni Forbes, need never be confounded with any other Australian
species. Four specimens found under decayed leaves, in wet
ground.

31. PUPINELLA CROSSEI.

Shell perforated, ovately oblong, rather thick, smooth, whitish
to pale reddish horny, very finely striated, whorls 6 to 6|, con-
vexly rounded, suture deep, spire tapering, obtuse at the apex,
aperture nearly vertical, circular, peristome continuous, with
callus deposit on the upper front, outer lip very much thickened,
reflected white, coluniellar slightly produced in the centre, having
a small narrow fissure nearly horizontal and entering spirally ;
umbilicus small, bordered below by a well marked obtuse keel
continuous with the spiral canal.

Length 6, breadth 2^, height 2£, aperture 1^ lines.

Hab. Yule Island, New Guinea.

This species is characteristic of the genus, having a narrow
spiral canal at the base of the coluniellar, and the umbilicus
bordered with an obtuse keel, which forms the outside of the
narrow canal at the base of the columellar ; it reminds one of
the genus Cataulus, with its keel. Named after Mr. H. Crosse, of
Paiis, Director of the French Journal de Conchyliologie.

32. — Helicina Coxeni.
Shell trochiform, rather solid, reddish, marbled with opaque
white, spirally rugosely striated, whorls 4J, flattened, the last
large, somewhat angular in front, spire conoid, apex rather acute,

112 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

periphery carinated, more distinctly in front on body whorl ; base
convex, with finer lines, interior reddish brown, aperture diagonal,
triangular, peristome white, thickened, shortly expanded, angular
above, roundly produced in front, rounded below, joining the
columellar, which is rather straight, having a callus deposit.

Diam. Maj. 5h, min. 4J, alt. 4 lin.

Hab. Yule Island, New Guinea, found under leaves on the

ground.

33. — Helicina Macleayi.

Shell depressly globose, rather solid, somewhat rugosely striated,
having obsolete spiral ribs, intersected by minute decussating lines,
bright yellowish reddish or reddish brown, whorls 4|, slightly
convex, the last obscurely angled, suture deep, spire short, apex
papillose smooth, periphery slightly carinated, base with finer
strise, aperture diagonal, triangularly ovate, peristome white,
thickened and reflected, the columellar margin thickened with a
granulated deposit on the body whorl nearly extending up to the
right margin of the peristome ; operculum light brown, concave,
minutely granulated, inner edge very much thickened, outer thin.

Diam. Maj. 2, min. If, alt. 1J to \\ lin.

Hab. Barnard Islands, No. 3, North-East Australia, found
near the beach under dead leaves and broken coral.

34. — Helicina Maino.

Shell conoid, thin, shining, glossy, transparent, flesh colour,
having fine zig-zag white opaque lines with bright reddish streaks
spirally striated ; whorls 4|, flattened, the last equalling more
than half the whole length, suture moderately impressed, spire
conoid, apex pointed and granulated, periphery rounded, base
convex, more opaque than above, with thin granulated callus
between the margins, aperture oblique, somewhat triangular,
peristome granulated, slightly thickened and reflected, white,
roundly produced in front, triangular at the columellar which
is thickened, interior light reddish ; operculum yellowish brown,
concave in centre, surface granulated.

Diam. Maj. 3, min. 2£, alt. 2| lin.

Hab. Katow, New Guinea, only one specimen found.

of new south wales. 11?,

35. — Cyclophortjs (Ditropis) Beddomei.

Shell sub-orbicular, depressed, thin, whitish brown, striae rather
rugose, whorls 3|, the last large and flattened in front, having
two distinct spiral keels, one above the periphery and contiguous
to the suture, the other below, leaving a passage between them ;
the upper whorls smooth and convex, spire short, apex obtuse,
base angular, umbilicus wide and deep, encircled with a keel, and
having one well down, aperture oblique, somewhat circular,
peristome thickened, brown, margins appi*oxi mating and joined by
a thin callus plate, the right or upper considerably thickened, the
basal margin produced outwardly, columellar hollowed out and
slightly reflected at the umbilicus.

Diam. Maj. §, min. |, alt. -J- lin.

Hob. Cape York, North Australia.

This species differs from Gydophorus Whitei, Brazier, by being
more depressed, the keels only being contiguous to the suture
of the last whorl, and in the upper whorls being smooth, and the
peristome thicker ; it is in all respects a smaller shell.

Notes on a collection of geological specimens collected by William
M acle ay, Esq., F.L.S., President of the New South Wales
Linnean Society, Sydney, from the coasts of New Guinea,
Cape York, and neighbouring islands — by C. S. Wilkinson,
Government Geologist.

I have lately examined a small collection of geological specimens,
brought from the coast of New Guinea, by the President of this
Society, Mr. William Macleay, and which were collected by him
when on his recent tour of exploration in the Chevert.

These specimens consist of —

1. Quartz porphyry (Palaeozoic), from Cape York, found

underlying beds of Tertiary ferruginous sandstone.

2. Vesicular basalt and brecciated volcanic tufa (Upper

Tertiary), from Darnley Island.

114 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

3. Small concretions of limonite, with polished looking

surfaces, dredged up off the coast of New Guinea.

4. Specimens of chalcedony and flint, from Hall's Sound.

5. Oolite limestone (Tertiary), very friable, from Bramble Bay.

6. Yellow calcareous (Tertiary), clay, from Katau Biver.

7. Yellow and bine calcareous clays (Tertiary), from Yule

Island and Hall's Sound.

It is with reference more particularly to the fossiliferous el ays
that I would offer a few remarks.

These clays, as indicated by the fossils contained in them, belong
to the Lower Miocene Tertiary period.

So far as I am aware, this is the first notice of such fossils
having been discovered in New Guinea ; and this discovery of Mr.
Macleay's is the more interesting inasmuch as tbe Miocene marine
beds, which occupy a considerable area in Victoria and South
Australia, have nowhere been found on the eastern coast of Aus-
tralia, north of the Victorian border — Cape Howe. Referring to
this fact the Rev. W. B. Clarke says that, " throughout the whole
of Eastern Australia, including New South Wales and Queensland,
no Tertiary marine deposits have been discovered."

The comparison of this Miocene fauna from a locality so near
the Equator, with that from higher latitudes, will be important
work for a palaeontologist.

Professor M'Coy has already gone far to prove from the com-
parison of certain Miocene fossils, that the fauna of the Older
Tertiary period in Australia was not so restricted in its geo-
graphical range as it now is, but was then closely related generic. illy,
and even specifically, to many parts of Europe and America. Ami
I think that, perhaps, even the few fossils now before us may afford
some additional evidence in confirmation of the views of that
eminent Palaeontologist.

The Miocene clay beds of New Guinea, judging from the
specimens collected by Mr. Macleay, are exactly similar in litho-
logical character to the Lower Miocene beds near Geelong, and on
the Cape Otway coast in Victoria.

The fossils from Hall's Sound are unfortunately not in a good

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 115

state of preservation, being mostly imperfect casts ; but amongst
them appear to be the following genera : —

Valuta ma '.ropterU, a small specimen; Voluta anti-cinyidata, Qstrea,
Cythertza, Crassatella ? Pecten, Turritella, Natica, Iritoril Dolium!
Astarte, Corbula, Lceda, Venus, Cyi^rcea, 2 Echinoderms.

Most of the above I have found in the Viclorian beds, and two
of them have been figured and described by Professor McCoy in
his Decade No. 1 of the Palaeontology of Victoria.

The small specimen of calcareous clay from the Katau River on
the west side of the Gulf of Papua contains only a few broken
fragments of shells ; but it appears to be of the same formation as
the clay beds of Hall's Sound or Yule Island.

The oolitic limestone of Bramble Bay I believe to be also of the
upper beds of this Miocene formation.

Mr. Macleay, in his letter to the Sydney Morning Herald of
October 11, 1875, describes the formation of Yule Island as a sedi-
mentary rock, nearly horizontal on the sea face, but with a great
dip inwards. The rock itself is calcareous, and composed of corals,
shells, echini, &c. — in fact a concrete of fossils resembling the coral
rag of Oxford. Mr. D'Albertis also gives a similar description of
the formation of Yule Island, and mentions the occurrence of
basaltic trap in the valleys, and that the higher portions of the
hills, which attain a height of 700 or 800 feet above sea level, are
composed of coralline limestone. It is worthy of remark that in
Victoria the Miocene strata occur in a similar manner — yellow
and blue calcareous clays full of fossil shells, overlaid by thick
beds of coralline limestone consisting of an aggregate of commi-
nuted fragments of corals, shells, and echinoderms.

The discovery of these Miocene beds on the southern coast of
New Guinea is one of considerable importance. Their occurrence,
I believe, suggests the former land-connection of New Guinea with
the Australian continent, and this belief is further borne out by
the fact of the shallowness of the intervening sea, I am not aware
that any Miocene rocks have yet been identified as such on the
northern coast of the Cape York Peninsula ; but it is not impro-
bable that the ferruginous sandstone described by Mr. Macleay as

11G THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

overlying the porphyrinic granite at Cape York, and perhaps other
Tertiary deposits which may occur in that locality, may be corre-
lated with the Miocene beds on the opposite coast of New
Guinea.

Wallace, referring to this subject in his very interesting and
valuable work, The Malay Archipelago, says: — " It is interesting
to observe among the islands themselves how a shallow sea always
intimates a recent land connection." ..." We find that all
the islands from Celebes and Lombock eastward exhibit almost as
close a resemblance to Australia and New Guinea as the Western
Islands do to Asia." And again — " Australia, with its dry winds,
its open plains, its stony deserts, and its temperate climate, pro-
duces birds and quadrupeds which are closely related to those
inhabiting the hot damp luxuriant forests which everywhere
clothe the plains and mountains of New Guinea."

Baron von Mueller's rem arks on some of the Papuan plants col-
lected by Mr. Macleay are also evidence in favour of the former
land connection of New Guinea with Australia, so that our geolo-
gical evidence is supported by that of zoology and botany.

From geological data it is believed that this continent has not
been submerged to any great extent since the Lower Pliocene
period ; and we know that it has risen a little since the Upper
Pliocene epoch, at least in Victoria, for the lava flows of that age,
now forming the Werribee Plains, were submarine flows. And Mr.
Daintree, formerly Government Geologist of Queensland, shows,
in his pamphlet on the Geology of Queensland, that little upheaval
of this portion of Australia has taken place since the volcanic out-
bursts of a late Tertiary epoch. Now, it is in the Upper
Pliocene or Pleistocene deposits that are found the remains
of the gigantic marsupials — Diprotoclon, Macropus titan,
Nototherium, and others ; and, as their allied representatives,
now occupy both Australia and New Guinea, it is not improbable
that those gigantic animals, whose bones are found in Northern
Queensland, also roamed in both those countries. And, further,
as the luxuriant vegetation and climatic conditions which we
suppose to be favourable fiv the support of those immense

OF ' N EW SO UTH WAL ES. 117

marsupials, still exist in New Guinea, is it rash to conjecture that
some of these large creatures may not be living there at the
present time 1 Further researches may prove this.

I will conclude with the following very apposite extract from
Wallace's Malay Archipelago : —

" From this outline of the subject, it will be evident how
important an adjunct natural history is to geology ; not only in
interpreting the fragments of extinct animals found in the earth's
crust, but in determining past changes in the surface which have
no geological record. It is certainly a wonderful and unexpected
fact, that an accurate knowledge of the distribution of birds and
insects should enable us to map out lands and continents which
disappeared beneath the ocean long before the earliest traditions
of the human race. Wherever the geologist can explore the
earth's surface, lie can read much of its past history, and can
determine, approximately, its latest movements above and below sea
level ; but, wherever oceans and seas now extend, he can do
nothing but speculate on the very limited data afforded by the
depth of the waters. Here the naturalist steps in, and enables
him to fill up this great gap in the past history of the eai'tb."

MONDAY, 27th MAECH, 1876.

Captain Stackhouse, in the Chair.

MEMBERS ELECTED.

Eyre Goulburn Ellis, and E. Reading, Esqrs.

The following paper was read : —

List of Land Shells collected during the Che vert Expedition by
John Brazier, C.M.Z.S.

1. — Helix (Thalassia) rustica.

. Helix rustica, Pfr. in Zeitscher, f. Malak, 1852, p. 112.
„ „ Pfr. Mon. Helic Viven, 1853, vol. 3, p. 63.

118 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

Helix impexa, Reeve Conch Icon, 1852, sp. 795.

,, Crotali, Cox, Catalogue of Australian Land Shells, 1864,
p. 18.

,, rustica, Cox, Monog. Aust. Land Shells, 1868, p. 2, pi.

9, fig. 3.

Hab. Barrow and Palm Islands, North-east Coast of Australia.

2. — Helix (Thalassia) Yorkensis.

Helix Yorkensis, Pfr. Proc Zool, Soc, 1854, p. 145.
Pfr. Mon. Helic Viven, 1859, p. 29.
,, ,, Reeve, Conch Icon, 1854, sp. 1372.

,, ,, Cox, Monog. Aust. Land Shells, 1868, p. 31,

pi. 9, fig. 8.

Hab. Cape York, North Australia; also Palm Island, North-
east Coast.

3. — Helix (Thalassia) villaris.

Helix villaris, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1854, p. 146.
„ Pfr. Mon. Helic Viven, 1859, p. 47.
,, ,, Reeve, Conch Icon.. 1854, sp. 1375.

,, ,, Cox, Mcnog. Aust. Land Shells, 1868, p. 2, pi.

10, fig. 8.

Hab. Cape York and Albany Island, North Australia.

4. — Helix (Thalassia) Kreffti.

Helix Kreffti, Cox, Catalogue of Australian Land Shells, 1864'
p. 21.

„ Pfr. Mon. Helic Viven, 1868, p. 243.

Helix villaris, Cox, Non-Pfr. Monog. Aust. Land Shells, 1868,
p. 2.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.

This species is larger than Helix villaris Pfr. The original
specimens of Helix Kreffti in Dr. Cox's collection, though said to
come from Cape York, are I believe, really from Darnley Island.

of new south wales. 119

5. — Helix (Thalassia) annulus.

Helix (Thalassia') annulus, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W.,
page 100.

Hab. Katow River, New Guinea ; also Dungeness Island,
Ton-es Straits.

6. — Helix (Thalassia) Sappho.

Helix {Thalassia) Sappho, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.,
page 100.

Hab. Yule Island, New Guinea.

7. — Helix (Thalassia) sp. 1
Hah. Cape York and Albany Island, North Australia.

8. — Helix (Thalassia) sp. 1

Hab. Mount Earnest Island, Torres Straits.

This species comes near Helix Kreffti, Cox. The specimens ob-
tained were collected by Mr. Beddome at the above locality and
given to me when at Cape York to be placed in the collection.

9. — Helix (Thalassia) sp. 1
Hab. Barnard Islands, No. 3, North-east Coast of Australia.

This species is allied to Helix rustica Pfr., but much flatter with
a broad margin at the suture.

10. — Helix (Thalassia) sp. 1

Six specimens of this species was found, but all dead and desti-
tute of colour.

11. — Helix (Discus) Lomonti.

Helix (Discus) Lomonti Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W.
page 101.

Hab. Yule Island, New Guinea.

12. — Helix (Conulus) turriculata.
Helix turriculata, Cox. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1867, p. 724.

120 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LTNNFAN SOCIETY

Helix turriculata (Conulus), Cox, Monog. Aust. Land Shells,
1868, p. 8, pi. 8, fig. 11.

Hab. Barnard Islands No. 3, North-east Coast of Australia.

13. — Helix (Conulus) Elleryi.

Helix (Conidus) Elleryi Brazier. Transactions Royal Soc.
N.S.W. 1874, p. 29.

,, „ „ „ Tine. Zool. Soc., 1874, p.

G68, pi. 83, figs. 3 and 4.

Hah. Barnard Islands No. 3, North-east Coast of Australia.

14. — Helix (Conulus) Russelli.

Helix (Conulus) Russelli Brazier. Transactions Royal Soc.
N.S. W. 1874, p. 29.

„ „ „ „ Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, p.

668, pi. 83, figs. 13 and 14.

Hab. Barnard Islands No. 3, Home Islands, North-east Aus-
tralia ; Cape York, North Australia; Bet and Dai-nley Islands,
Torres Straits.

15. — Helix (Conulus) Maino.

Helix (Conulus) Maino Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.,
page 101.

Hab. Yule Island, New Guinea.

16. — Helix (Conulus) Reedei.

Helix (Conulus) Reedei Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. ,
page 101.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.

17. — Helix (Conulus Barnardensis.)

Helix (Comdus) Barnardensis Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S.W., page 102.

Hab. Barnard Islands No. 3, North-East Australia.

op new south wales. 121

18. — Helix (Conulus) Nepeanensis.

Helix (Conulus) Nepeanensis, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Sue. N.S.W.,
page 102.

Sab. Nepean and Cocoanut Islands, Torres Straits.

19. — Helix (Conulus) Starkei.

Selix (Conulus) Starlcei, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.,
page 103.

Sab. Yule Island, New Guinea.

20. — Helix (Conulus) pampini.

Selix (Conulus) pampini Cox. Monog. Aust. Land Shells 1868,
p. Ill, pi. 19, fig. 9.

Sab. Pahu, Fitzrov, and Barnard Islands, North-East Aus-
tralia ; Albany Island and Cape York, North Australia.

21. — Helix (Conulus ?) Pokti.

Selix. (Conulus'l) Porti, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Sou. N.S. \V. ,
page 104.

Sab. Albany Island, North Australia.

22. — Helix (Conulus 1) Gkenvillei.

Selix (Conulus 1) Grenvillei, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W.,
page 104.

Sab. Home Islands, North-East Australia.

23. — Helix (Patula) Spaldingi.

Selix (Patula) Spaldingi, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.,
page 103.

Sab. Cape York and Albany Island, North Australia ; Bet,
Sue, Cocoanut, and Warrior Islands, Torres Straits.

24. — Helix (Rhytida) Beddomei.

Selix (Rhytida) Beddomei, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.,
page 98.

Hab. Cape York and Albany Island, North Australia,

122 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

24a. — Helix (Rhytida) Franklandiensis.

Helix Franldandiensis, Forbes. Voyage H.M.S. Rattlesnake,
App. p. 379, pi. 2, tig. 2.

Pfr. in Mon. Helic, Viv. 1853, vol. 3, p. 103.
„ „ „ „ „ 1868, vol. 5, p. 166.

,, ,, (Patula) Cox Monog. Austr. Land Shells,

p. 27, pi. 3, tig. 7.

Ilab. Fitzroy Island, North-East Coast of Australia.

25. — Helix (Rhytida) Jamesi.

Helix (Rhytida) Jamesi, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., page
99.

Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia.

26. — Helix (Rhytida) Hobsoni.

Helix (Rhytida) Hobsoni, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.,
page 99.

Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia.

27. — Helix (Rhytida) sp. 1
Hab. Palm Island, North East Australia.

This species may prove to be only a vaiiety of Helic Strange i;
two specimens found.

28. — Helix (Rhytida) sp. 1

Hab. Brooke Island, North-East Australia.

Of this species only one was found ; too young to identify.

29. — Helix (Dorcasia) Dunkiensis.

Helix Dunkiensis, Foibes. Voy. Rattlesnake, App. p. 378,
pi. 2, tig. 7.

Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 756.
Pfr. Mon. Helic. Viven., 1853, vol. 3, p. 224.
(Galaxias) Cox, Monog. Austr. Land Shells,
1868, p. 43, pi. 8, tig. 9.

Ilab. Brooke Island, North-East Australia.

11

11

5)

11

11

11

of new south walks. 123

30. — Helix (Dorcasia) aridorum.

Helix avidorum, Cox, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 924.

„ (Gcdaxias) aridorum, Cox, Monog. Austr. Land-Shells,
1868, p. 44, pi. 11, fig. 16, 16a.

Hah. Fitzroy Island, North-East Australia.

31. — Helix (Ochthephila) D'Albertisi.

Helix (Ochthephila) D'Albertisi, Brazier, Proc. Linn. Soc.,N.S. \V.,
page 104.

Hob. Yule Island, New Guinea.

32. — Helix (Trachia) Endeavourensis.

Helix (Trachia') Endeavourensis, Brazier Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871.
page 640.

Helix Endeavourensis (Trachia) Pfr. in Mon. Helic. Viv. 1875,
vol. 7, p. 427.

Hah. Mount Adolphus Island, near Cape York, North
Australia.

The specimens in the collection were received from Mr. Bed-
dome, when the Chevert was at. Cape York.

33. — Helix (Trachia) Delessertiana.
Helix Delessertiana, Le Guillou Revue Zool. 1842, p. 138.

Pfr. in Mon. Helic. Viv. 1853, vol. 3,
p. 157.

„ „ (Vallonia) Cox, in Monog. Austr. Land-

Shells, 1868, p. 61, pi. 5, figs. 8a, 8b.

Hah. Cape York and Albany Island, North Australia ; Bet
Sue, Cocoa Nut, Dungeness, and Darnley Islands, Torres Straits.

34. — -Helix (Trachia) Tuckeri.

Helix Tuckeri, Pfr. Mon. Helic Viv. 1848, vol. 1, p. 364.

1853, vol. 3, p. 236.
1875, vol. 7, p. 428.
Pfr. Reeve, Conch. Icon, sp., 633.
„ Strangulata, Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Pol. Sud. Moll,
fig. 1, 4.

!' »> ))

1) 5) )5

)5

124 THE PROCEEDIXGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

Hab. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, eight specimens
found. Albany Island, North Australia, twenty-eight found in
the crevices of stones. Sue and Cocoa Nut Islands, Torres
Straits, two found at each island.

35. — Helix (Trachia) cyclostomata.
Helix cyclostomata, Le Guill. Rev. Zool., 1842, p. 141.

Pfr. in Mon. Helic Viv. 1848, vol. 1, p. 378.

1853, vol. 3, p. 241.
1875, vol. 7, p. 441.
,, „ (Vallonia) Cox, Monog, Austr. Land Shells,

1868, p. 61, pi. 10, fig. 12.

Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia, three specimens
found ; Cape York, fifty found ; Albauy Island, six hundred
found ; Cape Grenville, North-East Coast, eight found ; Bet, Sue,
and Warrior Islands, Torres Straits, thirty-three found.

36. — Helix (Hadra) bipartita
Helix bipartita, (Helicella) Fer. hist. t. 75 A. f. 1.

Pfr. in Mon. Helic. Viv. 1848, vol. 1, p. 319.
,, ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 350.

„ „ (Camaena) Cox, Monog. Austr. Land-Shells,

p. 54, pi. 5, fig. 7.

Helix Semibaclia Albers.

Hab. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, Cape York, and
Albany Island, North Australia.

37. Helix (Hadra) semicastanea.

Helix semicastanea, Pfr. Mon. Helic Viv. 1853, vol. 3, p. 222.
,, ,, Reeve Conch. Icon. sp. 1348.

„ „ Albers Heliceen, eel. 2, p. 165.

Hab. Darnley, Sue, Bet, Warrior, Dungeness, Long, Nepean,
and Cocoa Nut Islands, Torres Straits.

38. — Helix (Hadra) Palmensis.

Helix ( Hadra) Palmensis, Braz. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W.,
page 105.

Hab. Palm Island, North East Australia.

of new south wales. 125

39. — Helix (Hadra) Cookensis.

Helix (Hadra) CooJcensis, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, 1875,
P . 17.

Hah. Brooke Island, North East Australia.

40. — Helix (Hadra) sp. 1
Hah. Brooke Island, North East Australia.

Allied somewhat to Helix Palmensis, Braz. Only one specimen
found, and in a dead state.

41. — Helix (Hadra) Forsteriana.

Helix Forsteriana, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1851, p. 254.

Pfr. Mon. Helic Viv. 1853, vol. 3, p. 153.
„ „ „ 1868, vol. 5, p. 377.

„ Cox, Monog. Aust. Land Shells, pi. 4,

55 55

fig. 8.

)5 55

,, „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., sp. 439.

„ Hetaera, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1860, p. 135.

„ „ Mon. Helic Viv., 1875, vol. 7, p. 377.

Hab. Barrow Island, North East Australia.

42. — Helix (Geotrochus) Macgillivrayi.

Helix Macgillivrayi, Forbes' Voyage H.M.S. Rattlesnake, App.,
p. 377, pi. 3, fig. 1.

„ „ Pfr. in Mon. Helic Viv., 1853. vol. 3,

p. 168.

,, „ „ Beeve, Conch. Icon., 357.

„ „ (Thersites) Cox, Monog. Austr. Land

Shells, p. 62, pi. 2, fig. 12.

Hab. Fitzroy Island, North. East Australia.

43. — Helix (Geotrochus) Yulensis.

Helix (Geotrochus) Yulensis, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W.,
page 105.

Hab. Yule Island, New Guinea.

120 the proceedings of the linneax society

44. — Helix (Geotrochus) Strabo.

Helix Geotrochus Strabo, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W.,
page 106.

Hab. Katow River, New Guinea.

45. — Helix (Geotrochus) Siculus.

Helix (Geotrochus) Siculus, Braziei*. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W.,
page 105.

Hub. Katow Piver, New Guinea.

46. — Helix (Geotrochus) Brazier.e.

Helix (Geotrochus') Brazierce, Urazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W.,
page 107.

Hah. Yule Island, New Guinea.

47. — Helix (Geotrochus) Zeno.

Helix (Geotrochus) Zeno, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W.
page 107.

Hab. Hall Sound, New Guinea.

48. — Helix (Xanthomelon) Jannellei.
Helix J annelid, Le Guillou. Reeve, Zool., 1842, p. 137.

Pfr. in Mon. Helic Viv., 1848, vol. 1, p. 322.
„ „ „ „ „ „ 1868, vol. 5, p. 321.

„ 1875, vol. 7, p. 369.
„ „ (Galaxias) Cox, Monog. Aust. Land Shells, 1868,

p. 41, pi. 5, fig 4.

Helix pachi/styloides, Cox. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1867, p. 725.
Helix semicastanea, Cox, Monog. Aust. Land Shells, p. 56.
Hab. Cape Grenville, North East Australia ; Cape York, North
Australia.

49. — Bulimus Macleayi.

Bulimus Macleayi, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W., page
108.

Hab. Yule Island, New Guinea.

of new south wales. 127

50. — Bulimus Beddomei.

Bulimus Beddomei, Brazier. M.S.S.

Hab. Mount Ernest Island, Torres Straits.

This species conies so near to Bulimus Macleayi, Braz., that I will
keep the description back for the present, until we get more
specimens.

51. — Bulimus (Napaeus) pacipicus.
Pupa pacifica, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 31.

„ „ „ Mon. Helic. Viv. 1848, vol. 2, p. 309.

» „ ,, „ „ „ 1853, vol. 3, p. 532.

Bulimus pacificus „ „ ,, 1859, vol. 4, p. 414.

„ „ (Nap^us) Cox. Monqg. Aust. Land Shells, p. 68,

pi. 13, fig. 3.

Hab. Barrow, Fitzroy, and Home Islands, North-East Austra-
lia ; Cape Grenville, North-East Coast ; Cape York and Albany
Island, North Australia ; Sue, Warrior, Bet, Long, Dungeness,
and Cocoanut Islands, Torres Straits.

52. — Bulimus (Apeas) Tuckeri.
Bulimus Tuckeri, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 30.

„ Mon. Helic Yiv. 1848, vol. 2, p. 158.
» >, „ „ „ ,, 1868, vol. 6, p. 99.

„ Walli. Cox, Catalogue Aust. Land Shells, 1864, p. 24.

„ Pfr. in Mon. Helic. Yiv. 1868, vol. 6, p. 99.
„ Tuckeri. Cox in Monog. Aust. Land Shells, 1869, p. 69,
pi. 13, fig. 9.

,, „ Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 481.

Stenogyra Tuckeri (Opeas) Albers in Heliceen ed. 2, p. 265.
Hab. Barnard, Fitzroy, and Home Islands, North-East Austra-
lia ; Cape York and Albany Islands, North Australia ; Sue,
Warrior, Bet, Long, Dungeness, and Cocoanut Islands, Torres
Straits.

53. — ToilNATELLINA MASTERSI.

Tornatellina Masters*, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W., page
108.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.

128 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE L1NNEAN SOCIETY
54. TORNATELLINA GrENVILLEI.

Tornatellina Grenvillei, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W., page
109.

Hab. Home Islands, North East- Australia ; Albany Island,
North Australia.

55.- -Tornatellina Petterdi.

Tornatellina Petterdi, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W., page
109.

Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.

56. — Tornatellina terrestris.
Tornatellina terrestris, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W., page
109.

Hob. Yule Island, New Guinea.

57. — Tornatellina eucharls.

Tornatellina eucharis, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W.,pagc
110.

Hab. Barnard Island, No. 3, North-East Australia.

58. — Pupa (Vertigo) Macdonnelli.
Pupa ( Vertigo') Macdonnelli, Brazier. Transactions Royal Sue.
N.S.W. 1874, p. 30.

„ „ „ „ Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, p.

669, pi. 83, figs. 22 and 23.

Hab. Barnard Islands No. 3, North-East Australia ; Cape York,
North Australia.

59. — Pupa (Vertigo) Macleayi.

Pupa (Vertigo) Macleayi, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. , N.S.W.,
page 110.

Hab. Bet, Sue, Nepean, Dungeness, and Warrior Islands,
Torres Straits.

60. — Pupa (Vertigo) sp. 1
Hab. Cape York, North Australia.
One specimen only of this species was found, with imperfect lip.

of new south wales. 129

61. — Vitrina (Helicapjon) Brazieri.
Helicarion Brazieri, Cox. Prop. Zool. Soc, 1873, p. 151.
Hab. Fitzroy Island, North-East Australia.

62. — Vitrina sp?

Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia.

63. —Vitrina sp 1

Bab. Palm Island, North-East^Australia.

These two species appear to me to differ very much from the
other known Australian species.

64. — Vitrina (Peltella) sp 1

Hab. Barnard Islands, No. 3, North-East Australia ; found on
trees. This species may he Vitrina Australis, Peeve, but I
cannot be sure of it, as the whorl on the base next the animal is
not preserved.

65. — Cyclophorus (Ditropis) Whiter
Cyclophorus (Ditropis) Whitei, Brazier. Transactions Royal Soc.
N.S.W., 1874, p. 30.

„ „ ,, „ Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874,

p. 669, pi. 83, figs. 5—7.

Hab. Barnard Islands, No. 3, North-East Australia.

66. — Cyclophorus (Ditropis) Beddomei.
Cyclophorus (Ditropis) Beddomei, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S.W., page 113.

Hab. Cape York, North Australia.

67. — Dermatocera vitrea.
Leptopoma vitrewm, Lesson. Voy. de la Coq., p. 346, pi. 13, fig. 6.
„ „ Pfr. in Mon. Pneum. Viven, 1852, vol. 1,

p. 101.

Dermatocera vitrea, H. and A. Adams. Gen. rec. Moll. II.,
p. 282.

„ „ Pfr. in Mon. Pneum. Viven, vol. 2, p. 77.

„ „ Cox in Monog. Austr. Land Shells, p. 98,

pi. 16, fig. 2.

Hab. Fitzroy Island, North-East Australia.

130 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

68. — PUPINELLA CROSSEI.

Pupinetta Crossei, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., page
111.

Hab. Yule Island, New Guinea.

69. — Pupina Crossei.
Pupina Crossei, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., page 110.
Hab. Palm Island, North- East Australia.

70. — Pupina bilinguis.
Pupina bilinguis, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1850, page 97.

„ „ „ Mon. Pneum. Viven, 1851, vol. 1, p. 142.

„ „ „ „ „ 1865, Supp, p. 94.

„ „ ,, Sowb. Thes. Conch., vol. 3, pi. 265, figs.

8, 9, 10.

„ „ „ Cox. Monog. Austr. Land Shells, p.

100, pi. 16, fig. Ga, 65.

Hab. Cape York and Albany Island, North Australia.

71. — Pupina Thompsoni.
Pupina Tltompsoni, Forbes, Voyage H.M.S. Rattlesnake; App.
p. 381, pi. 3, fig. 2.

„ „ Pfr. in Mon. Pneum. Viven, 1851, vol. 1,

p. 142.

» „ „ „ „ 1865, Supp.

p. 96.

„ „ Sowb. Thes. Conch, vol. 3, pi. 265, fig. 18.

„ „ Cox, Monog. Austr. Land Shells, p. 102,

pi. 16, figs. 12, 1 2a, 126

Hab. Fitzroy Island, North-East Australia.

72. DlPLOMMATINA GoWLLANDI.

Diplommatina Gowllandi, Brazier. Transactions Royal Soc,
N.S.W., 1874, p. 31.

„ „ „ Proc. Zool. Soc, 1874, p.

670, pi. 83, figs. 19—21.

Hab. Fitzroy Island, North-East Australia.

of new south wales. 131

73. — Helicina Coxeni.

Helicina Coxeni, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., page 111.
Hab. Yule Island, New Guinea.

74. — Helicina Macleayi.

Helicina Macleayi, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., page
112.

Hub. Barnard Islands, No. 3, North-East Australia.

75. — Helicina Maino.

Helicina Maino, Brazier. Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W., page 112.
Hah. Katow, New Guinea.

76. — Helicina Yorkensis.

Helicina Yorkensis, Pfi. Proc. Zool. Soc." 1862, p. 277.

„ ,, ,, Mon. Pneum. Viven, 1865, sup. 2,

p. 228.

„ „ Sowb. Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 290, pi. 275,

figs. 342-343.

„ „ Cox, Monog. Austr. Land Shells, p. 108, pi.

17, fig. 16.

Hab. Barrow Island, North-East Australia.

*j

5? >>

77. — Helicina fumigata.

Helicina Goulcliana, Forbes. Voyage H. M.S. Rattlesnake, App.
p. 382, pi. 3, fig. 3 (non-Pfr.)

Pfr. in Mon. Pneum. Viven., 1852, p. 236.
» » „ „ Supp. 1858,

p. 207.

» „ „ „ „ „ Supp. 1865,

p. 236.

,, „ Cox in Monog. Austr. Land Shells, p. 108,

pi. 17, fig. 15.

„ fumigata Sowerby, Thes. Conch, vol. 3, p. 290, pi. 275,
fig. 345.

Hab. Home Islands, North-East Australia.

132 the proceedings of the linxean society

78. — Helicixa reticulata.

Helicina reticulata, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc, 18G2, p. 277.

,, ,, „ Mon. Pneum. Viv. Supp. 18G5, p.

235.

Sowb. Thes. Conch., vol 3, p. 287, pi. 272,
figs. 231-232.

„ „ Cox in Monog. Austr. Land Shells, p. 100,

P l. 17, fig. 14.

Hab. Cape York and Albany Island, North-East Australia.

79. — Helicixa sp 1

Ilab. Palm Island, North-East Australia ; two specimens
found.

80. — Helicina sp 1

Ilab. Brook Island, North-East Australia ; one dead specimen
found.

81. — Truxcatella Yorkexsis.

Truncatella Yorkensis, Cox Monog. Austr. Land Shells, p. 93.,
pl. 15, fig. 11-lla.

Hab. Cape York, North Australia ; Warrior Island, Torres
Straits.

82. — Truxcatella ferrugixea.

Truncatella ferruginea, Cox Monog. Austr. Land Shells, p. 94.
Hab. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia ; Cape York, North
Australia.

83. — Truxcatella teres.

Truncatella teres, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856, p. 336.

„ Monog. Auricul. Viv. 1856, p. 188.

Pneum. Viv. Supp. 1858, p. 7.
„ „ 1865, p. 7.
Cox, Monog. Austr. Land Shells, p. 92, pl. 15,
fig 9.

Hah. Barrow Island and Cape Crenville, North Australia.

55 55 55 55

5! 55 55 55

55 55

0.

of new south wales. 133

84. — Truncatella sp ?

Hah. Warrior Island, Torres Straits.

85. — Truncatella sp 1

Hah. Barrow Island, North-East Coast of Australia,

86. — Truncatella ■ — - sp 1

Hah. Katow, New Guinea.

MONDAY, APRIL 24th, 187(5.

William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.

NEW MEMBER PROPOSED.

Mr. William Macdonnell.

The following papers were read : —
Description of a supposed new species of Fruit Pigeon, from
Malacola, one of the New Hebrides Islands, S. S. j proposed
to be called Ptllhiopus Gorriei — byE. Pierson Kamsay,E.L.S.,
Curator of the Australian Museum, Sydney.

Ptilinopus Corriei, sj). nov.

Male. — The whole of head, chin, and throat, olive green,*
becoming bright green on the neck and occiput ; the whole
of the remainder of the upper and under surface bright deep
green ; the wing quills deep golden green, mesially, shaded
with black ; the inner webs of the primaries black towards the
middle and basal portion of the feather. The three inner second-
aries and their corresponding coverts of the larger series only
having an oblique oblong blotch of bright golden yellow at their
tip, which on the secondaries is confined to the outer web only
the smaller wing-coverts at the bend of the wing adjacent to the

* These parts may have originally beeu bright green, like the rest of the
body.

134 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

scapulars having a roundish, crescentic, or cordate spot of white (?) *
near the tips of the feather — some show a green shaft line and a mar-
gin of green round the tip ot the feather; under wing-coverts, green;
the outer series, ashy ; under surface of the wings, ashy brown ;
under surface of the tail, ashy brown, becoming lighter towards the
base, and crossed conspicuously near the tip with a band of light
ashy grey, upper surface, green, the grey band not so conspicuous ;
the inner portion of the legs, and lower part of the abdomen, yel-
lowish (much faded) ; under tail-coverts, yellow, blotched with
oblong marks of green on inner webs ; the thighs, outer feathered
portion of the legs, and the flanks bright green, like the rest of the
body ; tail of 14 feathers — square, even ; of the wings the third,
fourth, and fifth feathers are nearly equal and longest ; bill, legs,
and feet, bluish lead colour ; tarsi not feathered to the toes, lower
portion scaled in front ; total length 9 - 5 inches; wing 6*3; tail
34 ; bill from forehead, OS ; from gape 1 inch; tarsi 9"5.

This description has been taken from a mounted spirit-specimen,
the sides of the neck and interscapular region somewhat discoloured.
The head is at present of a uniform olive green, and may be dis-
coloured, but, from the uniformity of the tint and its blending
with the green on the occiput and. neck, I am inclined to believe
that olive green, or perhaps, greyish olive green, was its original
colour. The broad bright deep yellow blotches on the tips of some
of the inner secondaries and the corresponding similar markings on
three of the larger series of the wing-coverts just above them, show
very conspicuously on the bright deep golden-green of the quills.

In form, this species is much like that of a Treron ; it is a
robust, compact, and strong made bird ; the texture of the feathers,
resembling that of Chryscena viridis (E.S.L.) ; the feet approach,
especially in the strong and long hind toe, those of a Carpophaga.

The only specimen we possess was obtained by Dr. A. Coi'rie,
during the cruise of H. M. S. " Pearl," about August, 1875, at the
Island of Malacola, one of the New Hebrides group, and presented
to the Museum in October last. I have named this fine species in
honour of its discoverer, a gentleman much devoted to the cause of
science.

* These spots are much discoloured, and may have been light yellow.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 135

Description of a new species of Plover, from North Australia — by
E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S., Curator of the Australian
Museum, Sydney.

^EGIALITIS MASTERSI, Sj). 110V.

Adult Male. — All the upper surface of the wings, back, and
rump, brown ; the margins of the feathers, paler ; the primaries
and primary coverts, blackish brown, almost black on the outer
webs and tips of the primary quills, the whole of the shaft of the
first primary, except at the tip, and of the remainder the central
portion of the apical third of the shafts, white ; secondaries dark
brown, narrowly margined with white at the tips and along the
outer web for a short distance, and a narrow line of white along
the shaft on the outer web ; the inner five of the primaries having
an irregular elougated patch of white on the outer web, about the
central portion of the feathers; the outer series of all the wing-
coverts margined with white at the tips ; the side feathers on the
rump white, or broadly tipped with white ; the upper tail-coverts
brown, more or less tipped and widely margined with white to a
greater extent on the outer series ; axillaries and under surface of
the wing white ; the marginal feathers of the shoulders below,
in some, brown, margined with white ; the outer series of the under
wing-coverts, ashy grey, margined and tipped with white ; some
of the side feathers adjacent to the fianks brown, margined with
white, or, in some white mesially shaded with brown ; centre of
the lower portion of the breast, abdomen, flanks, thighs, and
under tail-coverts white ; throat and sides of the neck, from below
the ear-coverts to the chest, snow-white, bounded by a narrow line
of black feathers ; lores, forehead, sides of the face, and ear-
coverts black, a roundish white spot on either side on the fore-
head, just over the lores ; a small linear mark of white, under the
lower eyelid ; eyelids black ; the remainder of the head chestnut,
mixed with brown on the crown ; sides of the occiput, nape, and
the whole of the hind neck and upper part of the interscapular
region extending across the chest and breast, deep chestnut ; sides
of the chest extending nearly to the flanks, lighter chestnut ;

136 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

feathers on the central portion of the breast below, narrowly
margined with dull white ; tail brown, the two outer feathers,
broadly margined with white, or altogether white, mesially shaded
with brown towaixls the tip ; total length from tip of bill, 7'6
inches ; bill from forehead, 0*7 ; from gape 0"8 ; from the anterior
or margin of nostril 043 ; wing 5-15 ; tail 2 - 2 ; tarsus 1*15.

Hab. — North-East of Australia, from Rockingham Bay to Cape
York.

Remarks. — This line species, which I have named after Mr.
George Masters, to whose exertions the fine collection of Aus-
tralian birds and mammals in our Museum is mainly due, is most
nearly allied to Hiaticida inornata of Gould.

Description of a New Pupina collected during the Chevert Expedi-
tion, by John Brazier, C.M.Z.S.

Pupina nitida.

Shell ovate, thin, polished, shining, transparent, smooth, pale
reddish horny, spire ovately conical, apex somewhat acute, whorls
5h, moderately convex, penultimate whorl largely inflated, last as
seen in front equal with the one above, suture slightly impressed?
having a reddish line running spirally to the apex ; aperture ver-
tical, circular, continuous on the body whorl, peristome and auricles
white or pale brown, thickened, upper channel rather narrow,
cut well down in the aperture, and on the outer side vertical
to the suture, and covered by a triangular plate, lower channel
obliquely cutting the columellar deep down on the inside of the
aperture, and covered by small thickened plate.

Length 4\, breadth 21 lines at penultimate whorl, and 1£
line at third whorl from aperture. Aperture 1^- line broad.

Hah. Barrow Island, North-East Australia.

/ OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 137

This species is closely allied to Pup'ma ventrosa, Dohrn ; it is,
however, larger and more inflated, the peristome is continuous
forming a raised ridge on the body whorl, and the auricles are more
thickened.

MONDAY, 29th MAY, 1876.

William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.

The following Donations were announced . —

Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales for
1874, by the Society; Part I. of Catalogue of Birds Australian
Museum, by the Curator ; Vols. 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the Proceedings of
the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, by the
Society; six published papers on the " Structure of Teeth," thir-
teen on the " Microscopical Structure of Fossil Teeth," and a list
of Palaeozoic Fishes, by the author, W. J. Barkas, M.R.C.S.E.

NEW MEMBER PROPOSED.

Mr. W. J. Barkas, Surgeon, Bombala.

MEMBER ELECTED.

Mr. William Macdonnell.

The following papers were read : —

THE ARANEIDES OF THE "CHEVERT" EXPEDITION,
By H. H. B. Bradley, Esq.

(See plates.)

Part I.

Class Condylopoda, Labrellie.

Sub-Class Arachnida.

Order Araneidea.
I. Orbitelari^e.
1. Epeirides.
A. Epeirines.

138 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

Gasteracantha, Sund.
G. variegata, Walch.

Plectana variegata Walck His. Nat. des Ins. Apt. vol. 2,

p. 160.
G. variegata L. Koch Arach. Aust., p. 2, pi. 1, fig. 1.

Five females from Palm Island, Cleveland Bay; one female from
Katow, New Guinea ; the specimens described by Walcknaer
are from Port Dorey, New Guinea.
G. minax, Thor.

G. minax. Thor. nya exostisca Epeirider in oefvers of kongl.

bet akad Forhandl xv., 1857, p. 301.
G. minax. Thor. kongl. Suenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa
Zool. Arach. 1, p. 21, 1865.

G. minax L. Koch Arach. Aust., p. 10.

G. flavomaculata Keyserling Beitr. zur kenntn. den orbitelse

in dem verhandl der k. k. Zool. Bot. Geselschaft in

Wien xv., p. 801, t. xix., f. 819.

Two females from Percy Island. The specimens described by Dr.

Koch are from Sydney, where this species is tolerably common.
G. suminata, L. Koch.

G. suminata L. Koch Arach. Aust., p. 11, p. 1, f. 7.
Two females much damaged, from Hall Sound. The specimens

described by L. Koch are from Viti Levu.
G. sacerdotalis, L. Koch.

G. sacerdotalis, L. Koch Arach. Aust. 198, f. 1.
Six females (one immature) from Percy Island ; one female from

Cape York. The specimens described by Dr. Koch are from

Bowen.
G. crucigera, N.S.

Cephalothorax as long as broad, glabrous, blueish-black above
mandibles, same colour ; fangs, reddish-brown ; maxellse and
labium, reddish-brown, lighter towards the tips ; sternum, reddish-
brown, Avith a single white (yellowish) spot corresponding to each
leg, also a similar spot at the posterior part ; legs, yellowish-brown,
gradually darker towards the claws.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 139

Abdomen glabrous, twice as broad as long, triangular, the apex
being in front furnished with six spikes, of which two — very-
strong — form the angles at the base of the triangle ; these are
orange colour tipped with black : two other spikes — black — are
placed nearly one-third of the distance from the former to the
apex of the triangle ; the remaining two, also black, are placed in
the base of the triangle, and are each about twice as far from the
first- mentioned pair as they are from one another. The remain-
ing upper surface of the abdomen is greyish yellow with two
broad reddish-black stripes extending along the sides from near
the apex of the triangle to the base of the first mentioned spikes ;
there are four small round punctured spots on each of these
stripes, the centre of each spot being raised ; below these stripes
are corresponding yellow stripes. There are two short dark
stripes in prolongation of the large spikes, on each of which
are two punctured spots similar to those above-mentioned ; down
the centre there is a fine dark line with a cross line about one-third
of its length from the anterior part forming a cross ; between the
anterior parts of the latitudinal stripes are two spots similar to
those described above, at the ends of the arms of the cross are two
more, and between these and the cross stripes are two more ; below
these stripes are four very minute spots placed transversely, the un-
derside is reddish-brown covered with small yellow spots. Length
and breadth of cephalothorax, 1 line; length of abdomen, 2^ lines ;
breadth, exclusive of spikes, 5 lines ; these (the lateral posterior
spikes) are 1 line in length, the front pair about half that length.
This species is from Hall Sound, New Guinea, where it seems
very numerous, there being 31 specimens (females, three imma-
ture). There is but little variation, except that the black stripe
along the sides of the abdomen varies in width.

Tholia, L. Koch.
This very interesting genus was founded by Dr. L. Koch on
specimens in the Museum Goddeffroy, and the Museum in Vienna,
and placed by him among the Orbitelari?e. I have myself caught
specimens of two different new species of this genus, and in neither
case did I find any web. My own experience is that neither Tholia,

140 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

Cystarachne, nor Celcenia (Thlaosoma) build any web ; the two
latter genera I had opportunities of watching during weeks, when I
have almost day after day found them occupying a position on the
lower side of a leaf (magnolia or loquat) where, if they had
any web, I must have seen it. These genera may all be obtained
by beating branches of trees over an umbrella or cloth. I have
found Tholia in Sydney and at Mount Victoria, 3000 feet above
the sea.

Tholia Macleayi. N.iS.

Cephalothorax, dark reddish-brown above a deep furrow sepa-
rating the caput ; abdomen projecting over the cephalothorax as
far as the second pair of legs where there is a slight transverse
band of greyish hairs ; mandibles, reddish-brown, fangs being
slightly darker ; maxilhe yellowish red tipped with fawn ;
labium red : sternum, reddish-brown ; palpi same colour mode-
rately furnished with short hairs.

Legs, 1st, 2nd, and 4th pairs have the coxal and exinquinal
red; femoral red, tipped with dark reddish brown, genural dark
reddish-brown ; tibial, light reddish-brown with dark transverse
bands in the centre and at the tip ; metatarsi light reddish-brown ;
tarsi darker ; the 3rd pair is the same colour without the dark
bandings.

Abdomen of a generally triangular form, the base being in front,
tuberculated or furrowed above, and of a reddish brown colour,
the prominent marking being two dark spots, each about equidis.
tant from the side to the centre of the abdomen ; between these is
a lighter coloured space, having in its centre a longitudinal line of
four small tubercles, on either side of which (at the front of the
abdomen) is a round depression with a minute tubercle in its
centre ; next come two eliptical depressions ; then at the side are
three round depressions ; placed between these and the dark spots
before mentioned are two small round depressions ; about midway
from the lower of the three lateral depressions to the point of the
triangle is a moderate- sized tubercle ; at the termination of the
central line of tubercles, are five transverse furrows of a darker
colour, having ridges more or less tuberculated between them

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 141

Below, the part immediately around the vulva is of a yellowish
red, vulva being dark reddish brown ; spiracular plates are also
marked by two curved dark lines ; below these the colour is
dark brown, almost black ; the sides curve over a little, and under
this curve is a line more or less broken into spots of "silvery
white.

Length of cephalothorax, 2 lines; breadth, 1| lines; length of
abdomen, 3 lines — but it projecting one line over the cephalotho-
rax, leaves total length 4 lines ; breadth of abdomen, 4 lines.

This species is from Palm Island, Cleveland Bay. there being
but one specimen — a female.

Argiope, Sav. and Aud.

A. regalis, L, Koch.

A. regalis, L. Koi;h, Arach. Aust., p. 36, pi. iii., fig. 4.

Two females, one immature (?) from Cape York ; one female, from
Katow, New Guinea ; one female from Percy Island ; one
female (immature) from Barnard Island, varies in having the
bandings of the legs very distinct, the light marking being a
light yellow, the dark bands being a dark reddish brown ; in
an immature female from Cocoanut Island, the leg marks are
very indistinct, and the first band on the abdomen is broken
into three distinct spots ; the second band is very indistinct,
with four spots of a lighter colour.

The type specimens are from Port Mackay.

A . picta, L. Koch. t

A. picta, L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 36, pi. iii., fig. 3.

One .female from Hall Sound, New Guinea ; one female from
Katow. Dr. Koch describes specimens from Port Mackay.

A variabilis, A r .S.

This insect, in its shape and colour closely resembles A. regalis.
The cephalothorax, however, is longer than broad — 3 J lines long,
3 broad ; the different parts of the mouth and the sternum are, in
shape and colour, as in A. reyalis.

142 THK PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

Legs reddish, with dark brown bands embracing the coxal, exin-
quinal, the lower and upper parts of the femoral, the whole of the
genual, the lower and upper parts of the tibial and of the metatar-
sus, and the whole of the tarsus ; the legs are tolerably well fur-
nished with hairs and spines throughout.

Abdomen 5 lines long, 4 broad ; above of a dark reddish brown,
with three broad bands of yellowish white ; the first, from the
front, leaves a narrow space of dark reddish brown in front; between
the three bands are two spaces, each as broad as the light bands,
the last band being at the broadest part of the abdomen, and ter-
minating between two lateral tubercles of moderate size ; below
this band the dark colour is broken by two almost imperceptible
bands of a lighter shade of brown, immediately above each of
which are five minute equidistant white spots, extending across the
abdomen ; immediately below each of the two upper, and iipon the
lower bands, are two pits, the centre pair being much largest and
deepest ; on the under side are two yellowish white bands, extend-
ing from the epigyne beyond the spinnerets ; these are slightly
broadest at the upper part, and narrowest about the centre, where
they are crossed by a long white spot ; epigyne nearly black, the
part above it being yellowish white; below the epigyne, and
within the lines, the colour is dark brown, yellowish in the centre,
where are six long-shaped transverse white spots, arranged in
pairs ; immediately above the spinnerets is a longitudinal strip of
yellow.

Spinnerets yellowish brown ; outside the lines the colour is dark
brown, marked with white or yellowish spots.

This species comes very close to A. regalis, but the lateral tuber-
cles, and the markings on the underside of the abdomen, lead me
to consider it a separate species, and not a variety. Two speci-
mens — from Darnley Island and Sue Island, Torres Straits ; a
specimen from Cocoanut Island shows the second transverse
band on the upper side of the abdomen broken into four distinct
spots ; the third band is darker in parts, seeming at first sight,
also, almost like four spots ; the underside is the same, but the
longitudinal lines are slightly broader. A specimen from Darnley

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 143

Island, I believe, also belongs to this species ; the ground colour of
the abdomen is much lighter, and the second and third lines, broken
into spots, are rather indistinct ; other specimens, from War-
rio\ and Sue Island, gradually merge the three transverse bands,
until in some specimens (from Cocoanut, Darnley, and Sue Islands,
and from Hall Sound) the three bands become one white patch,
covering the whole of the upper side of the abdomen as far as the
second pair of lateral tubercles ; the markings on the underside
vary but slightly, and only in respect of the lines and spots being
more or less distinct, the general form being traceable in all. I
have felt great difficulty in dealing with this species, but the spe-
cimens run so much one into the other as to convince me of their
being but varieties. All the specimens are females.

A lunata N.S.

Cephalothorax about as long as broad, and otherwise closely
resembling A. regalis. The parts of the mouth are also similai^
but the palpi are light yellowish colour, with darker bands at the
upper part of cubital and radial ; the sternum is bright golden
yellow. Below the sternum is a small spot of the same colour.

Legs of a reddish-brown colour, the first and second pairs with
bands of silvery hairs, two on the femoral, and one on the
tibial; in the third and fourth pairs these only appear in the
tibial.

Abdomen above of an uniform dark-brown, with one trans-
verse half-moon shaped white band at the front part, the points
being towards the front ; on the underside, dark reddish-brown,
with two white bands broken into spots, extending from the
epigyne,past the spinnerets, which are a lighter colour ; in the centre
of the space are three oblong white spots, placed longitudinally,
and six oblong white spots, placed transversely in pairs, between the
outer and centre lines ; towards the sides the colour gradually
changes to a light greyish brown, with minute spots of a dai'ker
colour.

Two specimens, from Sue and Cocoanut Islands, Torres
Straits, show but little variation — that from Sue Island being
slightly darker.

144 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

A. protensa, L. Koch.

A protensa Koch Arach. Aust., p. 211, pi. xviii., fig. 8.
One female, from Cape Grenville, much damaged, seems to belong-
to this species ; the type specimen is from Bovven.

Epeira, Watch

1st Group.
E. trigona, L. Koch.

E. trigona Koch Arach. Aust., p. 50, pi. iv. fig. 1.
One female from Hall Sound, New Guinea. The specimens
described by L. Koch are from Port Mackay, Queensland.

E. biapicata, L. Koch.

E. biapicata L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 54, pi. iv. fig. 4.
Two females, from Katow, and four females from Darnley

Island. The specimens described by L. Koch are mentioned

merely as from New Holland.

E. producta, L. Koch.

E. producta, L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 55, pi. iv., figs. 5, 6,

and 7.

Two very young female specimens from Hall Sound, and a

specimen from Percy Island (female), immature, and so

damaged as to be almost undistinguishable ;.seem to belong to

this very variable species. The specimens described by Dr.

Koch are from Brisbane, Rockhampton, Sydney, and New

Holland ; the latter would, perhaps, be the best habitat to

give, as this species is, to my knowledge, found from Sydney to

Cape York.

4th Group.

E. mangareva, L. Koch.

E. mangareva, L. Koch, Arach. Aust. p. 85, pi. vii., fig.

4 and 5.

Five females, one immature, from Hall Sound ; six females, from

Percy Island ; one male from Hall Sound ; a male, immature,

and a female, from Katow. The specimens described by Dr.

Koch are from Port Mackay, Bowen, Tonga, Fiji, Upolu,

Rorotonga, and New Holland.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. \4H

E. maritima, Keys.

E. maritima, E. Keyserling, Bertrage zur kenntn. der
Orbitela; in dem Verlianl, der k-k, zool-bot. Geselschaft
zu Wien Jahrg, 1865, p. 813, T. xviii., figs. 22 and 23.

E. maritima, L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 91.

E. cylindroides (?) Walck Hist. Nat. des Ins. Apt., vol. II.
p. 136.

Three females from Hall Sound ; two females from Cocoanut
Island • two females from Warrior Island ; and one female, each,
from Katow, Sue Island, and Bet Island. L. Koch refers to
specimens from Pelew, Fiji, and Bowen. The colour varies a
little in shade in the different specimens, and the bandings on
the legs are very distinct in some young specimens. There is also
a young specimen (female) from Sue Island, which approaches
closely to this species ; the pattern on the upper and lower sides
of the abdomen is different : the legs are much slighter, and,
altogether, the insect seems to belong to a different species, but
it is much too immature to be described with safety.

E. Macleayi, N. S.

Cephalothorax much longer than broad, the caput being high ;
the four centre eyes are veiy close together ; the laterals at the
sides of the caput ai'e also close to one another; colour of cepha-
lothorax dull yellowish red, the caput being a light reddish yellow ;
legs palpi sternum and mandibles same colour, fangs red.

Legs moderately long — first pair, 3 lines long ; abdomen oval,
fawn colour, covered closely with minute silvery hairs, with 8
pits, in 2 longitudinal lines ; between these lines is a longitudinal
line of faint white ; the abdomen slightly overlaps the cepha-
lothorax.

Length of cephalothorax, 1| lines; of abdomen, 2 lines: total
length, 3 lines ; one female, from Hall Sound. There is, also,
apparently, another specimen, from Percy Island, but so damaged
as to be indistinguishable.

1 40 tttf. proceedings of the linnban society

5th Group.
E. Mastersii, N. S.

Cephalothorax longer than broad ; the general form of cepha-
lothorax, mandibles, maxilla?, and sternum, closely resemble E.
Graeffii, to which this species is closely allied ; colour, light reddish
yellow, with a dark band on each side of the caput ; mandibles,
reddish ■ fangs, reddish-brown ; legs moderately long, same
colour as cephalothorax, maxilla? same coloiu*.

Abdomen, slightly overlapping the cephalothorax, oval, slightly
wider at the posterior part ; above of a light yellowish grey, with
two longitudinal lines of brown spots of a half-moon shape,
posterior brown ; the underside is of the same yellowish grey
colour; the part between the epigne and the spinnerets being
a brown shield-shaped spot ; on each side are three long brown
accentuate spots.

Length of cephalothorax, 1^ to 2 lines ; of abdomen, 2 to 2£
lines ; total, 3 to 4 lines.

A female from Percy Island ; five females and two males (one
immature) from Cocoanut Island ; two females and a male from
Sue Island ; two females from Cape Grenville.

The male is coloured and marked as the female ; the only differ-
ence is, that it is smaller and propoi-tionately slighter. The speci-
mens vary but very little

6th Group.
E. pthisica, L. Koch.(1)

E pthisica, L. Koch, Ai'ach. Aust., p. 103, pi. viii., fig. 5.

An immature female from Hall Sound seems to belong to this
species, which was first described by Dr. Koch from specimens
from Port Mackay, Queensland.

10th Group.

E. strangulata, L. Koch,

E. strangulata, L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 118, pi. ix., fig. f>.

Ten females from Hall Sound, and one from Darnley Island, vary-
ing very much in colour and pattern of marking. I have with

OF NEW SOT'TTI WALES. 147

great hesitation referred to this species, though it is possible that
examination of a larger number of specimens may show two species,
particularly with regard to a damaged specimen from Hall
Sound, the cephalothorax of which is light yellow, marked with
a brown longitudinal central band, and two brown lines marking
the caput. But, with only one damaged specimen of this type,
I have not felt justified in forming a new species. The general
form of the cephalothorax and parts, and the marking of the
legs, being the same as the other specimens. The type specimens
are from Viti Leva and Upolu.

11th Group.
E. caudata, N.S.

Cephalothorax cordate, as long as broad ; caput high, narrow,
and tolerably distinct, covered with short hairs ; color of cephalo-
thorax grey ; legs and palpi moderately short, yellowish grey,
banded with brown ; mandibles reddish brown ; maxillae yellowish
grey ; sternum oval, reddish brown.

Abdomen rounded in front and gradually broader, nearly as far
as the spinnerets (half its length), after which it suddenly contracts
into a tail ; colour above greyish ; the underside, as far as the
spinnerets, is a dark brown, with a white spot above and another
below the epigyne, and two white spots or lines enclosing a cordate ;
spot of brown extending nearly from the epigne to the spinnerets
these last white spots are narrowest in the centre ; the remainder
of the underside grey.

Length of cephalothorax, lh lines; of abdomen, 4 lines.

One female from Hall Sound. This is quite a new form of the
tailed Epeiras, and should perhaps form the type of a new group,
the cephalothorax and caput being very different from those of the
other species forming this group. ,

Ebaea (L. Aoch.)
E. prcecincta L. Koch.

E. prrecincta L. Koch., Arach. Aust., p. 130, pi. x., fig. 2.

One female (? mature) from Palm Island. The species described
by Dr. Koch are from Samoa.

14N THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

Meta (0. Koch.)
M. gramdata Walck.

Tetragnatha gi-anulata Walck Hist. Nat. des Ins. apt iii., p.
222. Tetragnatha grannlata, L. Koch Beschrieb neuer
arach. unci niyr. in den verhandl. der k. k. zool bot
Geselschaft zu Wien Jahrq, 1867, p. 185. Meta grann-
lata Koch, arach. aust., p. 136, pi. 10, fig. 5.

One female from Percy Island ; three females from Hall Sound.
These specimens show a gradual disappearance of the
dark markings on the upper side of the abdomen. One
female from Bet Island seems to belong to this species,
but it is too crushed for certain recognition.

M. decorata. Blackiv.

Tetragnatha decorata Blackvv. aim and mag. Nat. Hist., July,
1864.

Tetragnatha decoi'ata Camb. Linnean Soc.'s Journal Zool.,
vol. x., p. 389, pi. xiii., figs. 61 to 68.

Meta decorata L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 141, pi. xi., fig. 5.

Two females from Hall Sound. The specimens previously described
are from Bombay, Ceylon, Bowen, and Port Mackay.

M. striatipes, JV.S.

Cephalothorax longer than broad, yellowish grey above ; caput
marked by a furrow ; about the same height as cephalothorax ;
mandibles, maxilla?, and labium brownish red ; sternum yellowish
grey ; legs yellowish grey, with a black band at the genual and
lower end of the tibial, brownish grey towards the tarsi ; the
third pair want the dark bands.

Abdomen long, narrow, high in front, where it is widest, and
extending but a short distance beyond the spinnarets ; silvery grey
above, with a light brownish-grey longitudinal mark extending
half way down the centre ; sides same colour, with two longitu-
dinal marks of silver grey ; under side light grey.

Length of abdomen, 4 lines ; of cephalothorax, 1 line.

OF .NEW SOUTH WALES. 149

Nephila, Lencli.

N. venom, L. Koch.

N. venosa L. Koch Beschriel), Neur Arach. and Myr. in
den verhandl der k. k. Zool. Bot., Geselschaft zu Wien,
1867, p. 183.

N. venosa, L. Koch. Arach. Aust., p. 148, pi. xii.,fig. 1.

Females from Cape York, Hall Sound, Cocoanut Island, New
Guinea ; the type species are from Rockhampton, Brisbane, Port
Mackay, and Ovalau.

N. nigritarsis, L. Koch.

N. nigritarsis L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 152, pi. xii., fig. 4

Females from Warrior Island, Hall Sound, New Guinea, Long
Island, Cape Grenville ; the type specimens are from Rock-
hampton and Port Mackay.

N. fuscipes, C. Koch.

N fuscipes, C. Koch, die Arach. Bd. vi., p. 136, T. ccxii.,
fig. 528.

Epeira fuscipes, Walck, Hist. Nat. des his., Apts., T. ii., p. 97,

N 89.

Nephila fuscipes, L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 156, pi. xiii.,
fig. 1.

Females from Darnley Island, Cape Grenville, Cape York, and
Hall Sound. Dr. Koch mentions this species as found at
Pelew Island, Port Mackay, Rockhampton, Bowen, and Port
Denison.

N. imperatrix, L. Koch.

N. imperatrix, L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 159, pi. xiii., fig. 3.

Females from Cape York and Percy Island ; the type specimens
are from Port Mackay, Rockhampton, and Bowen. I have my-
self found this species near Sydney.

150 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

iV. procera, L. Koch.

N. procera, L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 162, p. xiv., fig. 1.

Females from Palm Island, Katow, and Hall Sound, the latter are
the largest insect, but I cannot distinguish them from this
species ; the type specimens are from Port Mackay and Bowen.

Tetragnatha, Latr.

T. ferox, L. Koch.

T. ferox, L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 173, pi. xiv., f. 415.

Two females from Katow ; the types are from Bowen, Port Deni-
son, Port Mackay, and Rockhampton.

T. cylindrica, Walclc. (?)

T. cylindrica, Walck. His. Nat. des Ins Apt., T. ii., p. 210.

T. cylindrica, E. Keyserling Beitrage zur Kenntniss der
Orbitila? in dem verhandl der k. k. Zool. bot.,
Geselsch zu Wien, Jahrg., 1865, p. 842, T. xx., f. 18
and 19.

T. cylindrica, L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 18, p. xv., fig. 3.

One female from Hall Sound. Dr. Koch describes specimens as
from Sydney.

T. bituberculata, L. Koch.

T. bituberculata, L. Koch, Beschrieb, nuer Arach. und Myr
in den verhandl der k. k., Zool. bot., Geselsch zu Wien,
Jahgr., 1867, p. 184.

T. bituberculata, L. Koch, Arach. Aust., p. 183, pi. xv.,
fig. 5.

Two females (one immature) from Katow ; the specimens described
by L. Koch are from Rockhampton, Bowen, Brisbane, Port
Denison, and Port Mackay.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 151

A list of the PJeurotoinidaj collected during the Chevert Expedi-
tion, with the description of the new species — by John
Brazier, C.M.Z.S.L.

Family Pleurotomid.e.
Sub-Family Pleurotomin^e.

1. — Pleurotoma violacea.

Pleurotoma violacea, Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 38.
„ „ Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 22, sp. 186.

Hab. Cape Grenville, North East Coast of Australia, 20
fathoms ; Princess Charlotte Bay, North East Australia, 1 4
fathoms ; Cape York, North East Coast, 1 1 fathoms ; Darnley
Island, Torres Straits, 2U fathoms; Katow, New Guinea, 4 fathoms.
Also found as far south as Jervis Bay and Port Jackson, in New
South Wales (Brazier).

2. — Pleurotoma armillata.

Pleurotoma armillata, Reeve. Proc. Zool Soc, 1845, p. 111.
,, „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 21, sp. 176.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms ; sandy mud
bottom.

3. — Pleurotoma punctata.

Pleurotoma punctata, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1845, p. Ill
„ ,, ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 21, sp. 181.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 to 30 fathoms.

4. — Pleurotoma (Surcula) gemmata.

Pleurotoma gemmata, Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 37.
,, ,, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 40, sp. 83.

Ilab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 1 1 fathoms ; bottom
mud.

152 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE L1XNEAN SOCIETY

5. — Pleurotoma (Surcula) REFLEXA.

Plcurotoma reflexa, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1845, p. 11-1.
,, ,, „ Conch. Icon., pi. 28, sp. 252.

Hab. Katow, New Guinea, 4 to 7 fathoms; sandy mud bottom.
6. — Pleurotoma (Surcula) jubata.

Pleuortoma jubata, Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 37.

„ „ Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 7, sp. 52.

Hah. Darnley Islands, Torres Straits, 20 to 30 fathoms.

7. — Pleurotoma (Surcula) brevicaudata.

Pleurotoma brevicaudata, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 18G.

,, ,, „ Conch. Icon., pi. 15, sp. 126.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 12 fathoms.

8. — Drillia Sinensis.

Clavatula Sinensis, Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 38.
Pleurotoma Sinoisis, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 11, sp. 153.

Hab. Cape Grenville, North East Australia, 1 3 fathoms ;
coarse sandy bottom.

9. — Drillia Tayloriana.

Pleurotoma Tayloriana, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 40, sp. 366.

Sab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms; coarse white
sand.

Two specimens of this rare species were brought up from the
above depth.

10. — Drillia putilla.
Pleurotoma putillus, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1845, p. 113.

,, ,, „ Conch. Icon., pi. 25, sp. 219.

Hab. Cape York, North Australia ; 1 1 fathoms.

11. — Drillia varicosa.

Pleurotoma varicosa, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 187.
,, „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 16, sp. 1416.

OF NEW .SOUTH WALES. 153

Hab. York Island, 16 fathoms; Darnley Island, Torres Straits,
20 fathoms, sandy mud bottom; Palm Island, North East Australia,
1 1 fathoms, bottom mud.

The specimens from the Torres Straits Islands run small. One
specimen from Palm Island very large.

12. — Drillia radula.

Plewrotoma radula, Hinds. Proc. Zool Soc, 1843, p. 38.
„ ,, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 25, sp. 223.

Hab. Cape Grenville, North East Australia, 20 fathoms ; Darn-
ley Island, Torres Straits, 20 to 30 fathoms ; KatoAv, New Guinea,
4 to 7 fathoms. Also, Port Stephens, and Port Jackson (Brazier),
Straits of Malacca (Hinds).

13. — Drillia Mastersi, n. sp.

Shell ovate, solid, reddish brown, depressly flattened at the
upper part, whorls 8|, transversely sculptured, centre of upper
whorls tuberculated, spotted with white, the last longitudinally
rather obliquely ribbed ; at the angle they become more like prickly
nodules, below somewhat white ; suture minutely spirally striated,
lip simple, brownish in centre, having an obsolete white sinus
below ; upper sinus white, deep, and wide, with thick deposit of
callus on body whorl, and extending down in a thin plate to the
collumellar ; canal very short and wide.

Length 5£, breadth 2 lines.

Hab. Warrior Eeef (west side), near New Guinea ; 8 fathoms,
sandy mud bottom. Two specimens found (Brazier).

14. — Drillia Spaldingi, n. sp.

Shell acuminately turreted, white, whorls 10, somewhat flat-
tened, nodosely angulated at the upper part, suture smooth,
centre with obtuse nodules, longitudinally ribbed and cancellated
with regular raised stria? ; larger and plainer on the last whorl,
blotched with brown, canal short, outer lip thin, depressed behind,
somewhat like a channel, sinus rather deep and broad, lower small

154 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE L1NNEAN SOCIETY

Length 7, breadth 3 lines.

Hab. Bet Island, ToiTes Straits, 1 1 fathoms, off a coral bottom •
Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathom, coral and white sandy
bottom.

15. — Drillia (Crassispira) alabaster Var.
Pleurotoma alabaster, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1813, p. 181.

„ ,, ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 8, sp. 65.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms ; found on a
bottom of white sand and broken shells.

16. — Drillia (Clavatula) nitens.

Clavatula niters, Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 41.

Pleurotoma nitens, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 22, sp. 189.

Hab. Palm Island, North East Australia, 11 fathoms, mud
bottom ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, bottom sand
and mud ; New Guinea, Straits of Macassar, and Malacca (Hinds).

17.— Clathurella Darnleyi, n. sp.

Shell pyramidal, slender, acuminated, six-sided, horny brown,
longitudinally ribbed, crossed with raised striye, somewhat rugose,
interstices smooth, whorls 7-8, flattened, suture opaque, sculpture
much plainer on the last whorl ; inner lip with thin deposit of
callus, outer thin, edged with black, sinus wide, cut deep down,
canal short.

Length 4 lines, breadth 1| line.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, bottom sand
and mud.

18. — Clathurella languida.
Pleurotoma languida, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1845, p. 115.

„ „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 29, sp. 257.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; 20 fathoms.

19. — Clathurella amabilis.

Clavatula amabilis, Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 40.
Pleurotoma amabilis, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 34, sp. 308.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 155

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits; 20 fathoms, sand and mud.
Straits of Malacca, 17 fathoms, mud (Hinds).

The original or typical species described by Mr. Hinds, mentions
the suture being ornamented with white spots. The specimens
dredged by me are ornamented with light brown spots.

20. — Clathurella debilis.

Clavatula debilis, Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 39.

Pleurotoma debilis, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 22, sp. 187.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sand bottom.

21. — Clathurella arctata.

Pleurotoma arctata, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc. jj.845, \). 118.

„ „ „ Conch. Icon., pl.^2, sp. 294.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, mud bottom.

22. — Clathurella donata.

Clavatula donata, Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 43.
Pleurotoma donata, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 26, sp. 228.

Hab. Katow, New Guinea, 4 fathoms, mud bottom (Brazier).
North Coast of New Guinea, 23 fathoms, mud (Mr. Hinds).

23. — Clathurella tincta.
Pleurotoma tincta, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 5.
„ „ ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 38, sp. 347.

Hab. Katow, South Coast of New Guinea, 4 fathoms, mud
bottom (Brazier).

24. — Clathurella djedala.

Pleurotoma dcedala, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 6.
jj ,, „ Conch. Icon., pi. 38, sp. 335.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, bottom sand.

25. — Clathurella Fusoides.

Pleurotoma Fusoides, Reeve. Proc Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 6.
,, „ „ Conch. Icon,, pi. 38, sp. 349.

156 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LIXNEAN SOCIETY

Hob. Katow, South Coast of New Guinea, 4 fathoms, mud
bottom (Brazier) ; Island of Mindanao, Philippines ; found in
sandy mud, at the depth of 25 fathoms (Cuming).

26. — Clathurella argillacea.

Clavatida argillacea, Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 40.
Pleurotoma argillacea, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 25, sp 217.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; 30 fathoms ; sandy mud
bottom (Brazier - ) ; Straits of Malacca ; 17 fathoms, mud (Hinds).

27. — Clathurella pyramidula.

Pleurotoma pyramidula, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1845, p. 115.
„ * „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 29, sp. 260.

Hah. Katow, South Coast of New Guinea ; 4 fathoms ; mud
bottom.

28. — Clathurella crassilabrum.

Pleurotoma crassilabrum, Reeve. Proc Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 185.

,, „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 14, sp. 118a.

Hah. Daniley Island, Torres' Straits ; 20 fathoms ; sandy
mud bottom.

29. — Clathurella rava.

Clavatula rava, Hinds. Proc Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 39.
Pleurotoma rava, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 28, sp. 250.
Hah. Katow, South Coast of New Guinea ; 4 fathoms, mud.

30. — Clathurella spurca.

Clavatula spurca, Hinds. Proc Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 29.
Pleurotoma spurca, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 34, sp. 12.

Hob. Princess Charlotte Bay, North East Australia, 13
fathoms ; Cape Grenville, North East Australia, 20 fathoms, mud ;
Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sandy, mud ; Katow,
Soiith Coast of New Guinea, 4 to 7 fathoms (Brazier) ; North
Coast of New Guinea, Straits of Malacca, 5 to 18 fathoms,
mud bottom (Hinds).

of new south wales. 1")7

31. — Clathurella quisqualis.

Clavatula quisqualis, Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 44.
PUurotoma quisqualis, Reeve. Conch. Icon, p], 2G, sp. 230.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sandy bottom.

32. — Clathurella Ramsayi, n. sp.

Shell oblong ovate, somewhat acuminated, longitudinally closely
ribbed, corded wi f h fine transverse ridges, interstices deep, white,
whorls 6, flat, encircled at the suture with black, showing plainer
on the back of last whorl, apex acute, brown, lip thickened, sinus
narrow, canal little recurved.

Length 2| lines, breadth 1 line.

Hab. Katow, New Guinea, 4 fathoms ; found in the crevice of
a piece of coral brought up in the dredge. Only one specimen
found.

33. — Clathurella Barnardi, n. sp.

Shell somewhat fusiformly ovate, longitudinally stoutly ribbed
every alternate black and white, latticed with fine ti'ansverse
ridges, interstices shallow, whorls 8, slightly rounded, suture deep,
smooth, spire acuminated, apex acute, brown, granulated, lip
thickened, white, black behind, sinus wide, above thickened,
shallow, canal slightly recurved.

Length 2h lines, breadth 1 line.

Hab. Barnard Islands, No. 3, North East Austeilia ; four
specimens found under a large stone.

34. — Clathurella Macleayi, n. sp.

Shell ovate, elongated white or pink, smooth, shining, some-
what longitudinally obliquely ribbed, ribs rounded, interstices
smooth, whorls 8, flattened, strongly striated on the last in front,
rather opaque below the suture, lip thickened, brown spot on the
lower part, sinus deep and rounded, thickened on the body whorl,
canal narrow, short, straight.

Length 3 lines, breadth Inline.

158 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

Hah. Princess Charlotte Bay, North East Australia, 13
fathoms, coarse sand and mud bottom, specimens white. Cape
Grenville, North East Australia, 20 fathoms, white sand and mud
bottom, specimens pink or flesh colour. Cape York, North Coast
of Australia, 11 fathoms, coarse sand and broken shells, specimens
white. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 to 30 fathoms, coarse
sand and mud, specimens pink ; few white specimens found. Bet
Island, Torres Straits, 11 fathoms, coral bottom in company with
young Meleagrina margaritifera, Linn. Three specimens obtained,
white. Katow, South Coast of New Guinea, 4 fathoms, bottom
mud ; specimens white, few obtained.

35, — Clathurella tricolor, n. sp.

Shell ovate, spire acuminated, transversely elevately striated,
longitudinally ribbed, interstices minutely granulated, blue-black,
ornamented with a white band round the centre of the last whorl,
continuous to the suture, whorls 7, slightly convex, centre with
yellow grains, above and below dirty blue, sinus narrow, shallow,
canal very short, outer lip strongly crenulated, columellar slightly
interior of aperture blackish with white band showing.

Length 4 lines, breadth 1| line.

Hah. Palm Island, North East Coast of Australia (Brazier).
Three specimens found on the reef under a block of coral.

36. — Daphnella subula.

Plevrotoma subula, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1845, p. 113.

„ „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 24, sp. 211.

Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; 8 fathoms, mud.

37. — Daphnella ornata.

Daphnella ornata, Hinds. Moll. Voyage Sulphur, p. 25, pi. 7,

fig. 221.

Pleurotoma ornata, Peeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 24, sp. 209.

Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; 20 fathoms, sandy mud.

of new south wales. 150

38.— Daphnella pluricarinata.

Pleurotoma pluricarinta, Reeve. Proc Zool. Soc, 184.">, p. 115.
„ „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 22, sp. 228.

Hab. Darnley Island, Ton-es Straits, 20 fathoms ; ten specimens
found.

39. — Daphnella marmorata.

Daphnella marmorata, Hinds. Moll. Voyage Sulphur, p. 25, pi.
7, fig. 19.

Pleurotoma Daphnelloides, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 24, sp. 206.

Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, coarse sandy
mud ; only one specimen found.

40. — Cythara ponderosa.
Mangelia ponderosa, Eeeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 6, sp. 44.
Bab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10 fathoms, coarse sand.

41. — Cythara capillacea.

Mangelia capillacea, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 2, sp. 10.

Proc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 60.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, found in sandy
mud.

42. — Cythara pessulata.

Mangelia pessulata, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 63.
„ ,, „ Conch. Icon., pi. 6, sp. 38.

Hab. Bet Island, Torres Straits ; found on the beaches, thrown
up after a gale.

43. — Cythara cylindrica.

Mangelia cylindrica, Reeve. Pi-oc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 60.
,, „ ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 2, sp. 9.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10 to 20 fathoms, mud
bottom.

160 the proceedings of the linnean society

44. — Cythara abyssicola.

Mangelia abyssicola, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 184G, p. 62.

,, ,, ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 5, sp. 30«, 306.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10 to 20 fathoms.

45. — Cythara maculata.

Mangelia maculata, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 61.
„ „ ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 4, sp. 22a, '22b.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, coarse sandy
bottom ; only one specimen found.

46. — Cythara angulata.

Mangelia angulata, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 64.
„ „ ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 8, sp. 62.

Hab. Cape York, North Australia, 5 fathoms, sandy bottom.

47. — Cythara balteata.

Mangelia balteata, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 64.
,, „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 7, sp. 57.

Hab. Barnard Islands, No. 3, North East Australia ; one speci-
men found under a stone ;

Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, coarse sand and
broken shells ; one specimen obtained, large.

48., — Cythara Goodalli.

Mangelia Goodalli, Gray, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 7, sp. 58.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10 to 20 fathoms, white
sandy bottom.

49. — Cythara pellucida.

Mangelia ■pellucida, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. 64.

„ „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 8, sp. 61.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms ; bottom fine
sand.

of new south wales. 101

50. — Cythara vittata.

Mangelia vittata, Hinds. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1845, p. 45.

,, ,, Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 7, sp. 53.

Bab. Warrior Island, Torres Straits.

51. — Cythara Marginelloides.

Mangelia Marginelloides, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1846, p. GO.
,, ,, ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 1, sp.

6a, 6b.

Hub. Hall Sound, New Guinea ; found on fine sandy mud flats
at low water.

52. — Cythara bicolor.

Mangelia bicolor, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1849, p. 62.

., ,. ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 5, sp. 31.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. One specimen, slightly
sea worn, obtained at 20 fathoms.

53. — Mangelia contracta.

Pleurotoma contracta, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 185.
„ „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 14, sp. )16.

Hab. Cape York, North Australia, 1 1 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, bottom fine
white sand ; Katow, South Coast of New Guinea, 4 to 7 fathoms;
mud bottom.

54. — Mangelia gracilenta.

Pleurotoma gracilenta, Reeve. Pro. Zool. Soc, 1843, p. 184.
„ ,, ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 14, sp. 114.

Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms ; found with
Mangelia contracta.

55. — Mangelia unbaticosta.

Pleurotoma undaticosta, Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1845, p. 117
,, ,, „ Conch. Icon., pi. 31, sp. 284.

1G2 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

Hab. Cape York, North Australia, 11/athoms; mud bottom ;
Katow, South Coast of New Guinea, 5 fathoms.

5G. — Mangelia hexagon alis.

Pleurotoma hexagonalis. Reeve. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1845, p. 118.
„ „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 32, sp. 293.

Hab. Bet and Darnley Islands, Torr es Straits, 1 2 to 20 fathoms ;
Katow, South Coast of New Guinea, 4 fathoms.

Species of Pleurotomidse were also dredged at the undermen.
tioned localities, the greater part of them being dead and rather
sea-worn, also broken in the lip and otherwise destroyed.
From Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 45 species.
Bet ,, ,, ,, 5 ,,

bue ,, ,, ,, i ,,

York 1

Cape Grenville, North East Australia, 5 species
Princess Charlotte Bay, North East~Australia, 3 species
Cape York, North Australia, 15 species
Katow, South Coast of New Guinea, 4G species
And out of that number, 75 species, there are only single speci-
mens ; it would be too hazardous to describe from single specimens.

Description of a new species of Kangaroo, from New Guinea, by
E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S., &c, Curator of the Australian
Museum, Sydney.

Halmaturus crassipes. nov. sp.

3—3 1—1 4—4

In. p.m. m.

1 — 1 1—1 4—4

Young Female. — Fur stiff, harsh, and short ; general colour,
yellowish sandy-brown, deeper on the upper surface where, on the
back is it pencilled with black hairs most conspicuously on the

OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 163

dorsal ridge, the hairs being chieily black at the base and tip, yellow
on the central portion ; the under surface whitish-grey ; the back
of the neck and rump of a yellowish tinge ; ears, margined out-
wardly and tipped with black, inside whitish ; eyelids, lashes, and
eyebrows, black ; last joints of the fingers and the nails, black ;
head and neck pencilled with black, the base and tips of the hairs
black ; an ill-defined line of a blackish tinge extends from the eye
to the nostrils, below which is an indistinct whitish band from
below the eye to the upper lip. Hairs on the sides, yellowish with
black and grey tips. The yellowish-brown of the rump extends
conspicuously along the upper part of the tail for about one-third
of its length, after which it fades into an ashy-grey ; on the sides
and under the surface, a line extending along the apical third of
the tail below and tips, blackish ; some specimens have a whitish
mark across the thighs.

Adult Male. — -Similar to the female above described, but having
the facial features and the markings of the body not so well de"
fined ; across the thighs near the joint a short band of white
base of the tail brown; scrotum white posteriorly, blackish in
front. The throat and under surface, greyish white ; hands, feet,
and tips of the ears blackish ; tail long, comparatively thick and
strong, the under surface bare and worn for about three-fourths of
its length from the tip, sparingly clothed with harsh wiry hairs ;
hind legs of moderate length, but the tarsus short and strong ;
toes, strong and short ; nails, very short, thick, strong, and blunt ;
forearms long, strong, and robust ; the hands broad ; the fingers
short and strong ; nails, short, thick, and blunt ; ears short and
rounded.

This is one of, if not the largest, species of Halmaturus known,
and on the whole is a remarkably strong-made animal. The strong
fore legs and short hind feet, and its strong tail are evidently well
adapted for traversing stony regions; the under surface of the
tail is bare to within a short distance of the rump, and the remain-
der of this organ but scantily clothed with wiry hair.

Total length from tip of nose to tip of tail, 5 feet 8 inches
(skin,)

164 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

Head, 7 inches (skull, 6*1, cleaned).

Tail, 2 feet G inches.

Tarsus (broken), about 14 inches.

Hind foot, 9 inches; longest toe, 3 inches ; its nail, 1-1 x 05

x 0-58.
Ears, 1-9 x 2-9 in length.
From snout to centre of eye, 3*6 inches.
From snout to ear, 6 inches.
Forearm, 8i inches; hand in width, 1*8, 3*3 in length to

tips of nail.
Third finger longest, its nail - 9 x 0*4.

This fine species appears to he tolerably plentiful about Port
Moresby, New Guinea, and is one of the novelties discovered by
Messrs. Broadbent and Petterd, by whom some young specimens ol
it were first brought to Sydney.

For the adult male above described, the Museum is indebted to
the generosity of Mr. Gouldie, botanist, at present on a collecting
tour in the Southern portion of New Guinea, and from whom we
have lately received some valuable donations.

The Coleoptera of the Chevert Expedition — by William

Macleay, F.L.S.

It was my wish and intention to have given you, on the present
occasion, a complete description of the Coleoptera collected during
the cruise of the Chevert. I have been unable, I regret to say,
from various causes, to carry out my intention as a whole, but I
now lay before you, as an instalment, a few notes on those of the
Geodephagous Coleoptera of New Guinea, which were taken
during the voyage.

It may be recollected that, soon after my return from New
Guinea, I read in this room a short Paper on the Zoological
results of the Chevert's Expedition, and I then stated that the
very great scarcity of the carnivorous ground beetles in that
country was very remarkable. That it is so, may be inferred

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 165

from the fact that the six species which I now describe were the
only representatives of the families Cicindelidce and Carahidce,
taken at Katow and Hall Sound, notwithstanding a diligent
search by experienced collectors.

ClCINDELA MAINO,

Viridi-cuprea subnitida subtua albo-pilosa, capite ad oculos
bipunctato, thorace subquadrato antice angustato postice
profunde transversim impresso lateribus hand rotundatis,
elytris oblique truncatis opacis viridi-nigris albo-mar-
ginatis — margine triramoso — apice sutura postice guttis
(pie quatuor (3 e basi juxta medium 1 infra scutellum)
albidis, pedibus tenuibus longissimis.
Long. 6 lin., lat., If lin.
Hah. Katow, New Guinea.

This species has an affinity to Cicindela araneipes, Schaum, but is
much larger and very differently marked. The labium is short,
broad, truncate, armed with numerous setae, and of a yellowish
colour. The mandibles are yellow, with the teeth and apex black.
The palpi are also yellow, with the tenninal joint black, and are
densely clothed with white hair. The antennae are long and
slender, the first four joints having a bright metallic hue. The
head is of a dullish coppery hue, very densely and finely punctate,
flat above, and vertical in front, with a sharp puncture on each
side, close to the eyes. These last are large and prominent
laterally. The thorax is coppery on the sides, almost black in
the middle, finely shagreened, much narrower at the apex than at
the base, not rounded on the sides, and truncated in front and
behind, with the median line lightly marked, a deep transverse
impression at the base, and the posterior angles acute. The
scutellum is triangular and smooth. The elytra are a little
broader than the thorax, long, parallel-sided, and obliquely
truncate, especially in the female. The colour is a dark

opaque green, margined with pale vellow. From the lateral
yellow border there are three branches, one short and very oblique
below the humeial angle; another aboat the middle, longer, and

166 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

not so oblique ; the third near the apex, and almost vertical. The
posterior two-thirds of the suture is narrowly edged with yellow,
and there are, besides, on each elytron, four spots of the same
colour — one long and narrow, near the scutellum, the other three
in a line extending from the base to the middle of the elytron.
The under surface of the body has a more metallic lustre than the
upper, and is clothed densely with white pile. The legs are
extremely fragile, and of immense length, the posterior thighs
being as long as the entire length of the insect, and the tibiae
and tarsi not much shorter.

A number of specimens of this very fine Clcindela were captured
on the sea beach at the mouth of the Katow River, near the village
of Mohatta, in July last. The name I have given to the species —
" Maino " — is that of the chief of the village.

This insect, with Cicindela tenuipes Dej. Psammodromus Chevr.
and araneipes Schaum, constitutes a very distinct group, charac-
terized chiefly by the extreme length and slenderness of the legs,
and the form of the thorax, which may be described as that of a
truncated cone. Cicindela longipws Fabr. and anchorcdis Chevr.
may be looked upon as intermediate between this and the C.
Ypsilon group. I may here mention that one of the Ypsilon group
— Cicindela Bafflesia Chaud. {Montraveli Blancli) — was taken in
considerable number near Cape York, on sandy beaches.

Pheropsophus Papuensis.

Niger opacus, capite rufo-testaceo inter oculos nigro, thorace
elongato subcordiformi antice sparsim punctato, elytris
acute costatis macula transversa rufa, antennis palpis
pedibusque rufo-testaceis.

Long., 7 lin. ; lat. elyt., 3 lin.

Hob. Katow, New Guinea.

Only one specimen of this insect was found. Besides the differ-
ence in colour and marking, the elongate thorax separates it at
once from our common Australian species, P. verticalis. It seems
to approach nearer to P. Australia, but Count Castlenan makes no
mention of the elongate thorax in his description of that species.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 167

Phlozodromius PLAGIATUS.
Testaceo-rufus nitidus, elytris obsolete striatis fascia magna
nigra.
Long., 4 lin. ; lat., 1J lin.
Hab. Yule Island, Hall Sound, New Guinea.
One specimen only was found, and that under bark. The whole
insect is of a nitid testaceous red colour, excepting a broad black
fascia occupying the middle of the elytra. The eyes are white, the
feet short and robust, and the elyti-a very indistinctly striate. This
genus, of which only one species was previously known — P. piceus
rnihi — will be found described in the Transactions of the Entomo-
logical Society of New South Wales, vol 2, p. 85.

Lebia Papuensis.
Rufo-testacea subnitida, thorace brevi late marginato angulis
posticis rectis subrecurvis anticis late rotundatis mar.
gine seta prope angulos anticos et in angulis posticis
instructo, elytris rufo-brunneis latis sinuato-truncatis
fortiter striatis interstitiis convexis fascia obscura nigra
subapicali.
Long., 3 lin.

Hab. Hall Sound, New Guinea.

Of this species, also, only one was caught, and also under bark.
The colour is testaceous red, becoming brown on the elytra, which
have an indistinct black fascia near the apex. The head is flat
between the eyes, and has in front of them, between the insertion
of the antenna?, two short longitudinal impressions. The eyes are
black, round, and prominent. The thorax is of the width of the
head and eyes, short, transverse, very much rounded at the ante-
rior angles, broadly margined on the sides, square, acute, and
recurved at the posterior angles, and finely acuducted on the dor-
sal surface, with the median line well marked, and with a lonp-
seta at each posterior angle and on the anterior third of the margin.
The elytra are broad and flat ; they get broader from the humeral
angle, terminate in a sinuated truncation, and are strongly striated,
with the interstices broad and convex — the third with an impres-
sion near the apex — and the lateral stria marked with large dis-
tinct punctures.

1G8 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

MlSOELUS MORIOFORMIS.

Niger niticlus antennis palpisque piceis opacis, capite piano
antice emarginato, thorace subcordiformi postice trun-
cato lateribus setigeris setis 1 in angulo postico 2 ante
medium locatis, elytris subopacis parallelis novemstriatis
interstitiis planis setis marginalibus longissimis — 1
apieali, 2 distantibus prope angulis apicalibus, 3 subhu-
mera]ibus. pedibus nigro-piceis.

Long., 44 lin. ; lat. Lj- lin.

Hab. Hall Sound, New Guinea.

This insect lias very much of the form and appearance of a
Morio, and, like the species of that genus, was found under the
bark of a decayed tree. I have never seen anything like it in
Australia, and, as the only two species hitherto known come
from Java, I presume it may be looked upon as a Netherlands-
Indian form. I have never seen Miscelus unicolor, Putz, nor can
I find a description of it, but it is most unlikely that it can be
identical with the present species. The typical species, M.
Javanus, is in my possession, and it is very different in many
respects. Only one specimen was captured.

Harpalus Papuensis.
Niger nitidus subconvexus, capite subplano laevi antice
leviter irapresso, thorace laevi subquadrato antice leviter
emarginato (angulis sub-product is) postice truncato
(angulis rotundatis) medio postice leviter striato basi
utrinque impress©, elytris striatis interstitiis subplanis
(interstitia secunda ad basin breviter striata tertia
prope apicem interne punctata) marginibus lateralibus et
apicalibus rugose punctatis, antennis pal pis tarsisque
rufopiceis, tibiis anticis extus prope apicem minute tri-
dentatis.

Long., 5 lin; lat., If lin.

Hab. Hall Sound, New Guinea.

A few of this species was found under stones.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

MONDAY, 20th June, 187(5.

William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.

The following donations were announced : —

The Mollusca of New Zealand.
The Echinodermata of New Zealand.

The Fishes of New Zealand, by the Author, F. W.
Hutton, Esq., Otago.

member elected.
W. F. Barkas, Esq., M.R.C.S.E.
The following papers were read : —

List of Marine Shells, with Descriptions of the new species col-
lected during the Chevert Expedition — by John Brazier,
C.M.Z.S.

Class Gasteropoda.
Sub-order Proboscidifera.
Family Muricid^e.

1. — Murex tenuspina.

Murex tenuspina, Lam., Anhn. Sans. Vert, tome 7, p. 158.

„ ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 21., species 85.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 to 30 fathoms, sandy-
bottom, brought up on the swabs or tangles.

2.— Murex brevispina.

Murex brevispina, Lam., Anim. Sans. Vert, tome 7, p. 159.
„ ,, Peeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 19, species 77.

Hab. Princess Charlotte Bay, North East Australia, 14 fathom,
sandy mud bottom ; Cape Grenville, North East Australia, 20 to
30 fathom, sandy bottom, in places very stony, /brought up in the
dredge, with Spongiadce and Echinodermata ; /Cape York, North
Australia, 6 to 11 fathoms, mud bottom, specimens dead. Reeve
gives as the habitat of this fine species the Coast of Arabia, a verv

170 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

great error; I have received specimens from Nicol Bay, North-
West Coast of Australia, thrown on shore after gales.

3. — MUREX EXIMIUS, N. SP.

Shell thin, club-shaped, whorls 7, roundly convex, suture deeply
excavated, three varicose, having two somewhat blunt-pointed
sj ines, one line in length on each varice ; varices rounded, rather
oblique, excavated behind, between longitudinally nodulously fine-
ribbed ; transversely striated, interstices with much finer stria?,
cream colour, blotched below the suture with pale chestnut, before
and behind the varices of the same colour, aperture nearly round,
inner lip smooth, outer denticulated at the edge, interior of aper-
ture tinged with violet, canal elongated, straight.

Length 22, breadth 8|, alt. 7 lines.

Bab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, brought up on
the tangles, bottom sand.

This beautiful species differs from Murex rectirostris, Sowerby,
in having five longitudinal somewhat nodose ribs, with transverse
elevated lines, having three varices with two spines on each, the
first at the back of the lip little above the centre, the second at the
second vai-ice on the back, the third at the varice on the pillar or
columella side, the other three spines placed on the second whorl,
the other five whorls are destitute of spines. The shell has a three-
sided appeai'ance.

4. — Murex (Chicoreus) ramosus.
Murex ramosus, Linn, Gmel., p. 3528, No. 13.

„ inflatus, Lam., Anim. Sans. Vert., tome 7, p. 160.
,, ramosus, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 1, species 3.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on the reefs.
This is the large common and well-known species found in
gardens with rock work, also used to ornament fireplaces.

5. — Murex (Chicoreus) adustus.
Murex adustus, Lam., Anim. Sans. Vert., tome 7, p. 162.

„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 8, sp. 29.

Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on the reef under
coral.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 171

6. — MUREX (CHICOBEUS) CORRUGATUS.

Murex corrugatus, Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1840,
p. 142.

„ ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 13, species 52.

Ilab. Palm Island, North-East Coast of Australia.
Two specimens brought up on the tangles from 8 fathoms, muddy
bottom.

7. — Murex (Chicoreus) axicornis.
Murex axicornis, Lam., Anim. Sans. Vert., tome 7, p. 163.

„ „ Peeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 15, fig. 37.

flab. Palm Island, North East Coast of Australia.
One specimen brought up on the tangles from 8 fathoms, muddy
bottom.

8. — Murex (Chicoreus) cervicornis.
Murex cervicornis, Lara., Anim. Sans. Vert., tome 7, p. 163.

,, ,, Peeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 16, species 66.

Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20-30 fathoms.

This species is very I'arely to be found in collections, but at the
depth of 20 and 30 fathoms it is very common at Darnley Island.
I have received dead and beach-worn specimens from Nicol Pay,
North-West Coast of Australia, thrown up after gales. The spe-
cimen figured by Reeve in Conchologia Iconica 1845, gives no
locality. Lamarck, in his " Animaux Sans Vertebres, 1822,
says, "Habite les mers de la Nouvelle-Hollande. Espece tres rare et
fo\*t recherchee."

9. — Murex (Ptermotus) pellucidus.
Murex 'pellucidus, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 14, sp. 54.

,, trigonularis, Sowerby, not of Lamarck.
Ilab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.

This fine and rare species was got at the depth of 30 fathoms,
white sandy mud bottom, brought up in the tangles.

10. — Murex (Ocinebra) tetragonus.
Murex tetragonus, Proderip, Proc. Zool. Society, 1832, p. 174.
,, breviculus, Reeve, not Sowerby.

172 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

Hab. B;>t Island, Torres Straits, 1 1 fathoms.

Reeve in Concologia Iconica, pi. 26, species 118, figures Murex
breviculus of Sowerlry, and puts Murex tetragonus, Broderip down
as a synonym. The specimen dredged answers to Broderip's
description of Murex tetragonus ; and does not answer either to
Reeves' description or figure ; the shell figured by Reeve is a true
figure of Murex breviculus, Sowerby, a much larger and finer shell.

11. — Murex (Ocinebra) confusa, n. sp.

Shell somewhat pyriformly ovate, rather rough, spire short,
sharp-pointed, whorls 5-^, five varicose, on the whorl ending in the
form of a canal ; varices laminated, interstices between the varices
crossed with four laminated ribs ; on the last whorl below some-
what smooth, forming hollow pits, suture minutely laminated, the
varices on the upper whorls small, more like rounded nodules,
laminated and excavated behind, white stained with brown
between the varices, aperture roundly ovate, interior of aperture
glossy white, edge of peristome denticulated, canal rather short,
attenuated, and recurvated.

Length 13 J, breadth 7h, height 6| lines.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.

Only one specimen of this beautiful shell was brought up on the
tangles from the depth of 30 fathoms, white sand and coral bottom.

12.— Murex (Muricidea) mundus.

Murex exiguus, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1845, p.]

,, mundus, Reeve, Conch. Icon., 1845, pi. 32. species 16G.

Bab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, coral bottom.

This species is not described in Proc. Zool. Society, as Mr.
Reeve quotes in Conch. Icon.

13. — Murex (Muricidea) scalaris.

Murex scalaris, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1853,
p. 71.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sandy bottom.

of new south wales.

Family Tritonud^e,

14. — Tritonium (Simpulum) pileare.

Murex pileare, Linn. Gmel., p. 3534, No. 31.

Triton pileare, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 182.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.

15. — Tritonium (Simpulum) gemmatum.
Triton gemmatus, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844, p. 117.
,. ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 15, species 60 c.

Hab. Barrow Island, North East Australia; Darnley Island,
Torres Straits, under stones at low water.

16. — Tritonium (Cabestana) labiosum.
Murex labiosus, Wood, Supp. Index. Testae, p. 15, pi. 5, tig. 18.
Tritonium rutilum, Menke, Moll. Nov. Holl., p. 25, No. 120.
,, labiosum, Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871,
p. 87.

Triton labiosus, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 14. f. 52 a, b, c.
Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. Two specimens found
under stones. Also found at Shark Island, Port Jackson (Brazier).

16a. — Tritonium (Cymatium) lotorium.
Triton lotorium, Linn. duel. p. 3533, No. 30.

,, ,, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert, tome 7, p. 182.

,, ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 6, species 19, b.

Hab. Brooke Island, North East Coast of Australia.

17. — Tritonium (Gutturnium) sacrostoma.
Triton sacrostoma, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1844, p. 113.

„ ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 7, species 21.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.

18. — Tritonium (Gutturnium) gracile.
Triton gracilis, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1844, p. 117.

,, ,, „ Conch. Icon., pi. 1 5, species 58 a, b.

Hab. Princess Charlotte Bay, North East Australia, 14 fathoms;
Darnlev Island, Torres Straits, 20 to 30 fathoms.

174 the proceedings of the linnean society

19. — Tritonium (Guttunrium) encausticum.
Triton eucausticus, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1844,
p. 115.

„ ,, ,, Conch. Icon, pi 12, species 43.

Hub. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms.

19a. — Tritonium (Epidromus) Angasi. n. sp.

Shell fusiform, turrited, thin, with 8 distinct rounded varices ;
spire slightly twisted in the centre, apex obtuse, whorls 7, slightly
convex, sculptured with longitudinal fine ribs, transversely lined,
interstices with veiy minute stria?, suture rather dee}), crenulated
at the edge, whitish, besprinkled with chestnut brown spots, blotch
of the same colour somewhat square in front of the varices ; the
back of the last whorl showing more of the irregular nearly obso
lete brown spots ; columella or inner lip straight, thickened with
a white expanded plate of callous, smooth, outer lip thin at its
edge, thickened behind, minutely denticulated within, aperture
oblong ovate, white within, canal very short, recurved.

Length 10, breadth 3, height 21 lines, length of aperture 3 lines.

Hzb. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, rough sand
and coral bottom. Sue Island, Torres Straits, 11 fathoms, found
with mother-o'-pearl Margaritifera margaritifera, Linn.

I have named it with great pleasure in honour of Mr. George
French Ang.is, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., London, whose indefatigable
exertions have made us acquainted with many new and rare species
of shells from Australia and Western Polynesia.

It differs from Epidromus Coxi, Brazier, from .New South Wales,
by having coarser sculpture, varices larger, more distorted at the
third and fourth whorl from the aperture, by one slightly bulging
to the right, and the other to the left, the outer lip thin at the
edge, very much thickened behind, and more strongly crenulated
at the suture.

20. — DlSTORSIO DECIPIENS.

Triton decipiens, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1844, p. 121.

,, „ „ Conch. Icon. pi. 20 species 102.

Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sandy bottom.

of new south wales. 175

21. — Bursa rana.

Murex rana, Linn ; Martini, Conch. Vol. 4, pi. 133, fig. 1270-71.
Eanella albivaricosa, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1844,
p. 136.

Bursa rana, H. and A. Adams, Genra ol Recent Mollusca, 1853.
Vol. 3., pi. 11, fig. 3 3a. Ranella albivaricosa, Reeve, Conch. Icon,
pi. 1, species 2.

Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 to 30 fathoms, sandy
mud, Cape Grenville, North-East Coast of Australia, 20 fathoms.

22. — Bursa (Lampas) bitubercularis.
Ranella bitubercularis, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome, 7, p. 153.

„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 7, species 40.

Bab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 15 fathoms, bottom coral
stones and broken shells.

23. — Bursa (Apollon) gyrina.
Murex gyrinus, Linn. Gmel., p. 3531.
Ranella ranina, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 154.
,, gyrinus, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 8, species 49.

Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found under stones on the
reefs.

24.- — Bursa (Apollon) pusilla.

Ranella piisilla, Broderip, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1832, p. 194.
„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 8, species 44.

Hob. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 20-30 fathoms ;
Princess Charlotte Bay, North-East Australia, 15 fathoms; Cape
York, North Australia, 5-11 fathoms; Darnley Island, Torres
Straits, 12-20-30 fathoms ; all sandy mud bottom.

25. — Bursa (Apollon) anceps.
Ranella anceps, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 154.

„ pyramidalis, Broderip, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1832,
p. 194.

„ anceps, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 8, species 48.
Bab. West side of Warrior Reef, Torres Straits.

176 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

One living specimen was found in a cluster of Madrepores ;
dead specimens also dredged off Katow, New Guinea, 5 fathoms ;
from 5 to 8 lines long.

26. — Bursa (Eupleura) pulchella.

Pattella pulchella, Forbes, Moll. Voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake,
vol. 2, p. 328, pi. 3, tig. 6 a, b.

Hub. Palm Island, North-East Australia, 8 fathoms, mud bottom ;
Cape York, North Australia, 5 to 1 1 fathoms, sandy mud bottom ;
Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 20 fathoms, sandy bottom ;
Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20-30 fathoms white sandy mud
bottom ; West side of Warrior Reef, near Katow, New Guinea, 8
fathoms, bottom hard blue mud.

Family Buccinid,e.

Sub-family Nassin^e.

27. — Phos senticosus.

Buccinum senticosmn, Linn. sp. List., pi. 967, fig. 22.

Phos senticosus, Sowerby, in Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 89, pi. 221,
figs. 9-11.

Hah. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 20 fathoms, sandy
bottom ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20-30 fathoms, sandy
mud bottom.

28. — Phos roseatls.

Phos roseatus, Hinds, Zool. Voy. Sulphur Moll. p. 38, pi. 10,
fig. 7-9.

„ „ Sowerby in Thes. Conch, vol. 3, p. 90, pi. 221,

fig. 1-2.

Bab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, white sandy
mud bottom. Four fine specimens obtained.

29. — Phos scalaroides.
Phos scalaroides, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1850,
p. 154.

„ „ Sowerby in Thes. Conch., vol. 3 p., 90 pi. 221,

fig. 13.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 177

Hab. Cape G-renville, North-East Australia, 30 fathoms, sandy
mud bottom, four specimens found ; Cape York, North Australia,
1 1 fathoms, sand and broken shells, two specimens found ; Darnley
Island, Torres Straits, 20-30 fathoms, sandy mud bottom, five speci-
mens found ; Bet and Sue Islands, Torres Straits, 11 fathoms coral
and sand bottom, two specimens found.

30. — Phos rufo-cinctus.
Phos rufo-cinctus, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1850,
p. 154.

„ ,, Sowerby in Thes. Conch, vol. 3, p. 91, pi. 221.

fig. 14.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom, one specimen found.

31. — Phos (Strongylocera) spinicostatus.

Phos spinicostatus, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1850,
p. 154.

,, ,. Sowerby in Thes, Conch., vol. 3, p. 93, pi.

222, fig. 44, 45.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sandy bottom ;
four specimens found.

32. — Nassaria suturalis.

Hindsia suturalis, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1853,
p. 183.

Nassaria suturalis, Sowerby in Thes, Conch, vol. 3, p. 86, pi.
220, fig. 15, 16.

Hab. Cape York, North Australia, 1 1 fathoms, mud bottom •
Warrior Reef, west side 8 fathoms, hard mud bottom ; Katow,
New Guinea, 5 fathoms, soft mud, specimens all dead.

33. — Nassa coronata.

Buccinum coronatum, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 276.

Nassa coronata, Peeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 3, species 20 a, b, c.

Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia ; Cape Grenville,
North-East Australia ; Bet Island, Torres Straits, found at low
water crawling on the sand beaches.

178 the proceedings of the linnean society

34. — Nassa arcularia.

Buccinum arcularia, Linn. Gmelin, p. 3480.

,, ,, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 276.

Nassa arcularia, Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 4, species 25.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found crawling on the reefs
at low water.

35. — Nassa lvjrida.
Nassa luricla, Gould, Proc. Boston Soc, 1850, p. 153.

,, dispar, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851, p. 96.
„ clispar, Peeve, Conch. Icon., 1853, pi. 7, species 45.
„ graphitera, Beck, Voy. au Pol. Sud. p. 80, pi. 21, fig.
2S, 29.

Hab. Home Islands, oil' Cape Grenville, North-East Australia,
found crawling on sandy mud flats at low water ; Hall Sound,
New Guinea, found on sand flats at low water.

36. — Nassa delicata.
Nassa delicata, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851, p. 99.

„ ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 27, species 180.

Hab. Barnard Islands, No. 3, North-East Australia. One
splendid specimen found under a block of coral.

37. — Nassa lachrymosa.
Nassa lachrymosa, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 8, species 52.
Hab. Mud Bay, Cape York, North Australia, Found at low
water crawling on the sand beaches.

38.— Nassa (Niothia) gemmulata.
Buccinum gemmulahwn, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 271.
Nassa gemmulatum, Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 5, species 29.
,, clathrata, Lam., EDcyclop, pi. 394, f, 5 a, b.
,, gemmulata, Deshayes.
Hab. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 20 fathoms, sandy
mud bottom ; Princess Charlotte Bay, North-East Australia, 14
fathoms, sandy bottom; Cape York, North Australia, 5-11 fathoms,
sandy mud bottom ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20-30 fathoms,
white sand and broken coral bottom.

of new south wales. 179

39. —Nassa (Niothia) marginulata.

Buccinum marginulatum, Lam., Auim. Sans Vert., tome 7,
p. 278.

Nassa marginulata, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 7. sp. 43.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20-30 fathoms, sand and
coral bottom.

40. — Nassa (Niothia) albescens.
Buccinum albescens, Dunker, Abbild, und Besch, 1849, p. 68,
pi. 2, fig. 15.

Nassa albescens, Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 15, species 100.

jj ; , bicolor, Homb. and Jacq., Voy. au Pol. Sud,

p. 84, pi. 21, fig. 41, 42.

Hub. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 5 fathoms, sand bottom.

41. — Nassa (Niothia) densigranata.

Nassa densigranata, Reeve, Conch. Icon., 1854, pi. 27, species
181.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sand and coral
bottom.

42. — Nassa (Niothia) ravida.
Nassa ravida, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851, p. 97.

„ ravida, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 11, species 68.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, sand and coral
bottom.

43. — Nassa (Arcularia) Thersites.

Buccinum Thersites, Brng., Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7,
p. 277.

Nassa Thersites, Lam. Encyclop., pi. 394, fig. 8 a, b.

Hab. Hall Sound, New Guinea. Found on the sandy mud flats
at low water.

44. — Nassa (Arcuiaria) callosa.
Nassa callosa, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851, p. 98.

„ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 28, species 185.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 5, 10, 15, 20 fathoms,
sandy mud bottom.

iso the proceedings of the linnean society

45. — Nassa (Arcularia) nana.
Nassa (Eione) nana, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851,
p. 102.

Nassa nana, Reeve, Conch, Icon. pi. 25, species 164.

Hab. Cape York, North Australia, 5 fathoms, muddy bottom.

46. — Nassa (Alectrion) suturalis
jmccinum saturate, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 269.
Nassa suturalis, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 1, species 4.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10 fathoms, coral and sand
bottom. One specimen found.

47.- — Nassa (Alectrion) rutilans.

Nassa rutilans, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 22, species 147.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sand and mud
bottom.

48. — Nassa (Zeuxis) crenulata.

Buccinum crenulatum, Brug., Encyclopedic Methodique, pi. 394,
f. 6.

Buccinum crenulatum, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert, tome 7, p. 267.

Nassa crenulata, Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 1, sp. 2.

Hab. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 20 fathoms, sandy
mud; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20-30 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom.

49. — Nassa (Zeuxis) semiplicata.

Nassa semiplicata, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851,
p. 107.

Hab. Mud Bay, Cape York, North Australia. One specimen
found crawling on the sandy beach.

50. Nassa (Telasco) picta.
Buccinum pictum, Dunker, Phil. Abild., t. 2, f. 6.
Nassa picta, Dunker, Zeitschrift, fur Malac. 1846, p. 172.

,, „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 2, species 9 a, b.
Hab. Barnard Islands, No. 3, North-East Australia. One
specimen found under a block of coral.

of new south wales. 181

51. — Nassa (Telasco) luctuosa.

Nassa luctuosa, A. Adams, Pi'oc. Zool. Soc. London, 1851, p, 105.

., ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 16, species 109.

Hab. Hall Sound, New Guinea. Found on the sands at low

water.

52. — Nassa (Hebra) vibex.

Buccimim vibex, Say, American Conchology, pi. 57.

Nassa vibex, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851, p. 101.
,, ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 12, species 75.

Hab. Hall Sound, New Guinea. Found on the sand beaches at
low water.

53. — Nassa (Hebra; Gruneri.

Buccinum, Gruneri, Dunker, Zeitschrift, fur Malac. 1846, p. 171

Nassa Gruneri, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 12, species 81.

Hab. Hall Sound, New Guinea. Found on the sand beaches at
low water with Nassa vibex.

54.— Nassa (Hima) unifasciata, var.
• Nassa unifasciata, Pease, American Journal Conchology 1

Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia, 8 fathoms, muddy
bottom ; Home Islands, off Cape Grenville, North-East Australia,
15 fathoms, sandy mud bottom • Cape York, North Australia,
5-11 fathoms, sandy mud bottom; Bet and Darnley Islands,
Torres Straits, 11, 20, 30 fathoms, hard sandy mud bottom;
Katow, New Guinea, 5 fathoms, mud bottom.

55. — Nassa (Hima) dermestina.

Nassa dermestina, Gould, American Expl. Exped., 1852.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. Two specimens found
under stones at low water ; seven dead dredged at 30 fathoms,
sandy mud bottom.

56. — Nassa (Hima) mirostoma.

Nassa mirostoma, Pease, American Journal, Conch., 1867, vol.
3, p. 22.

Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia.

Two specimens found under stones at low water. I obtained
this same species at the Samoan Islands in 1865.

182

THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

List of Australian Game Birds and other species which should be
protected by the " Game Preservation Act," — by E. Pierson
Ramsay, F.L.S., Curator of the Museum, Sydney.

Local or Vulgar and
Scientific Name.

Months

of

Breeding.

Distribution

of

Species.

Tt

.

a

nl

CO

£

m

CO

a

o

-4J
CO

a

a
ce

a

CO

a

CO

!Z5

^

a>

\>

DQ

£

Laughing Jackass or Giant

r -^ i

CO

Kingfisher (Dacelo gigas)

to 53

-X"

*

*

*

Leache's Giant Kingfisher

a rO

<]j O
CD

(Dacelo leachii) Vic/, and

1

/loraf.

S

*

*

and (Dacelo cervina) var.

"3 T3

i-s a r

"""?

The Lyre-bird or Menura

c3

(Menura superba)

a as

-"-

Port Phillip Lyre-bird (M.

Victoria) var. ...

-'i*

#

#

Prince Albert's Lyre-bird (M.

££

Alberti)...

I & J

*"

*

fruit-eating pigeons and

DOVES

Swains on's Fruit - Pigeon,

a

Dove (Ptilinopus SWA1N-

Q

sonii Gould)

+3

*

j«

*\

Ewing's Fruit-Pigeon, Dove

Q

(P. ewingii Gould)

g

*

Superb Fruit-Pigeon, Dove

53 c

(P. Superbus) ...

CD n>

ft a

•«?

*

#

Magnificent Fruit - Pigeon

(Megaloprepia magnifica)

"5 ^

w

#

The North Australian, var. of

a CM

CD O

same (M. magnifica var.

c

ASSIMILIS.)

(25

*

White-headed Fruit-Pigeon

CD

(Leucomel.ena norfolci-

o

ENSIS)

-:;-

*

#

Torres Straits Fruit -Pigeon

o

(Myristicivora spilorrhoa)

$ov. to Jan.

#

*

OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

183

List op Australian Game Birds, &c,
(Continued).

Distribution of

M onths

Species.

•ri

.

Local or Vulgar and
Scientific Name.

of

Breeding.

£

CD

a
a

It

CO

e8

"a

CO

a
<<

08

-J)

o
o

<

a

CO

+3

rf

fc

>

CQ

£

THE CROWNED, OR " TOP-KNOT "

PIGEON.

October and

Flock Pigeon, &c. (Lopho-

November to

LAIMUS ANTARCTICUS)

January.

"

#

*

GROUND PIGEONS AND DOVES.

Green-backed Ground Dove

^ -:

(Chalcophaps chryso-

a; fl

M 1-3

clora) ... .*!?

*

*

*

Northern var. of same species

J > o

(Cha. longirostris Gould)

^

#

*?

The Wonga-wonga Pigeon

+3 C

(Leucosarcia, picata) ...

I O J

*?

*?

BRONZE-WINGED PIGEONS, ETC.

Bronze-winged Pigeon, the

Aug., Sept.,

Common Bronze wing, &c,

Oct., to end of

(Phaps chalcoptera) ...

Dec.

*

#

*

""*

*"*

*

*

Elegant Brbnzewing, Scrub

. Bronzewing, &c. (Ph.

July, August

elegans) ...

to December

3»

*

*

"""

*

-?r

The Harlequin Bronzewing

November to

(Phaps histrionica)

Jan. and Feb.

S/L

#

*

Jfc

The Partridge Bronzewing

November to

(Geophaps scripta)

end of Jan.

S

#?

->:-

75"

Smith's Bronzewing (Geo-

phaps Smithii) ...

Aug. to Nov.
Probably

t&

*

Plumed Bronzewing (Lopho-

during July,

PHAPS PLUMIEERA)

Aug. & Sept.

*

*

*

aF

Rust-colored Plumed Bronze-

July, August

wing (Loph. ferruginea)

September.

*

184

THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

List op Australian Game Birds, &c.
(Continued.)

Local or Vulgar and
Scientific Name.

Months

of

Breeding.

Distribution of
Species.

T3

CO

cS

CO

a

CD
CO

.2

o

CO

Pi

Eg

'3
1

.

3

a5

&

53

©■

f>

OQ

H

The Crested Bronzewing

(OXYPHAPS LOPHOTES) ...

White-quilled Bronzewing
Rock Bronzewing, var.
(Petrophassa albipennis)

ground doves.
Barred-shouldered Dove (Geo-

pelia humeralis Gould)
The Peaceful Dove (Geope-

LIA TRANQUILLA GoulcT) ...

The Placid Dove (Geopelia
placida) ...

The Little Turtle Dove (Geo-
pelia cuneata) ...

Large-tailed Scrub Pigeon
(Macropggia phasianella)

MOUND RAISING BIRDS.

The Wattled Talegalla or

Brush Turkey (Talegal-

LUS LATHAMl)

Tlie Mallee Hen (Leipoa),
(Leipoa occellata")

Australian Megapode (Meoa-
podius tumulus)

turnices, quail, &c, and

allied genera.
The Black-breasted Turnix

(TURNIX MELANOGASTER

Gould)

Nov., Dec,
and Jan.
Probably

from Aug. to
Dec.

July, Aug.,
Sept. and Oct

r

o

]

r o

fecQ

>>

L ^ J

Oct., Nov., to
end of Dec.

*

Sept. to Jan.

Oct. to Feb.

Oct., Nov., to

end of Feb.

I

Sept. to Feb.

*

*

*

*

J#

*

*

*

*

4^

#

*

■%.

*£

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

J i

j¥

*

*

*
*

OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

185

List of Australian Game Birds, &c.
(Continued.}

*

Distribution of

Local or Vulgar and

Months

of
Breeding.

Species.

a

03

e3

-J-3

en

Scientific Name.

CO
<

co

a

CD

d

eg

•rH

o

co
pi
<

a

a

CO

3

-4-3

CO

CD

fc

5

O"

t>

xji

H

£

The Varied Tnrnix Painted
Quail (Turnix varius) ..

The Speckled Turnix (Tur-
nix SCINTILLANS, Gould)...

The Black-backed Turnix
(Turnix melanotus)

The Chestnut-backed Tur-
nix (Turnix castanotus,
Gould)

The Swift-flying Hernipode
(Turnix (Hemipodius) ve-
lox, Gould)

The Red-chested Hernipode
(Turnix (Jlemipodius)

PYRRHOTIIORAX) ...

The Collared Plain Wanderer
(Pedionomus torquatus)

perdices, true quails, and
allied species.

The Pectoral Quail, Stubble
Quail, &c. (Coturnix pec-

TORALIS, Gould) ...

The Swamp Quail, Brown

Quail, Garden Quail, &c.

(Synoicus Australis) ...
The Tasmanian Swamp Quail

(Synoicus diemenensis.

Gould) ;

Sept. to end

of Jan.

Probably

during Oct. to

end of Jan.

Probably

from Oct. to

end of Jan.

Oct. to end of

Feb.

Sept., Oct., to
Dec.

Sept., Oct., to
end of Dec.

Sept. to Feb.

Sept. to end
of Jan.

Oct. to Feb.

Oct to Feb

*

*-

*

* *

186

THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINtfEAN SOCIETY

List of Australian Game Birds, &c.
(Continued.*)

Distribution of

Local or Vulgar and
Scientific Name.

Months

of

Breeding.

Species.

CO

-+3

00

<

■"3

a
S

3toria.
Aust.

'3

a

00

<
CO

iz;

fc

& > { CD

£

Probably

Sombre Swamp Quail (Synoi-

from Oct. to

CUS SORDIDUS, Gould)

Feb.
Probably

*

The Northern Swamp Quail

from Oct. to

(Synoicus cervinus)

Eeb.

*

*

The Least Swamp Quail,

King Quail, Chinese Quail,

&c. (Synoicus (Excalfato-

Oct. to end of

ria) sinensis, Gould)

Feb.

*

#

%r

*

*

GRALLATORES.

The Emu (Dromaius nov^e-

June, July,

Hollandi^e)

to Sept.

*

*

*

*

*

*

The Speckled or Spotted

Emu (Dromaius irrora-

tus, Bartl.)

July to Sept.

*

The Australian Cassowary

(Casuarius Australis,

July, Aug.,

Wall)

and Sept.

*

*

The Australian Bustard or

Plain Turkey (Eupodotis

Aug. to end

(Otis) Australis)

of Nov.

#

#

*

*

*

plovers and allied genera.

The Australian Stone Plover,

Land Curlew, &c. (CEdi-

Sept. to end

CNEMUS GRALLAR1US)

of Dec.

*

*

*

*

*

OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

187

List of Australian Game Birds, &c.
(Continued.')

Distribution of

Local or Vulgar and

Months

Species.

,

1

c3

-4-3
CO

Scientific Name.

of

£

s

A

cj

' <~\

3

Breeding.

CO

CO

-4-3

CO

i— i
c3

<

m

<

o

o

3

a

CO

-4-5

to

fc

iS

a»

t>

GO

c3

£

The Thick-knee, Large-billed

Probably

Shore Plover, &c. (Esacus

during Sept.

j

MAGNIROSTRIS)

to Nov.

*

*

The White-breasted Oyster-

1

catcher (HffiMATOPUS

Sept. to end

LONGIROSTRIS, Vicill.)

of Dec.

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

The Sooty Oyster-Catcher

(H^MATOPUS FULIGINOSUS.

Sept. to end

Gould)

of Dec.

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

The Spur- winged Plover

Sep! . t > end

(LOBIVANELLUS LOBATUS) . . .

of Jan.

*

*

*

*

*

The Masked Spur-wing Plover

" Wattled Plover," &c.

Aug., Sept.,

(LOBIVANELLUS PERSONATUs)

and Oct.

*

The Black-breasted Plover

Sept. to end

(Sarciophorus pectoralis)

of Jan.
Not known

*

*

*

*

The Grey Plover (Charadrius

to breed in

(Squatarola) helvetica) . . .

Australia.
Notyetfound

*

*

*

*

*•

*

*

The Golden Plover (Carad-

breeding in

RIUS LONGIPES) ...

Australia.
Probably

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

The Austi-alian Dotterel

during Sept.;

(EUDROMIAS AUSTRALIS) . . .

not known.
Not known

*

*

*

The Asiatic (?) Dotterel

to breed in

(EUDROMIAS VEREDUS)

Australia.
Not found

*

The Ring-Dotterel (^Egialitis |

breeding in

hiaticula) ... ... 1

Australia. *

188

THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

List of Australian Game Birds, &c.
(Continued.)

Distribution of

Local or Vulgar and
Scientific Name.

Months

of

Breeding.

Species.

£

+3
CO

a

CO

a

.5

-hi
CO

*

03

CO

<

CQ

<

CP
OJ

O
O

<

a

CO

CB

ft

ft

&

£

16

h

£

The Hooded Dotterel (Mgia-

Oct. to end

litis monarcha)

of Dec.

*

*

*

*

*

*

The Black-breasted Dotterel

Oct. to end

(^Egialitis nigrifrons)...

of Dec.

*

*

*

*

*

The Red-capped Dotterel

(yEGIALITIS RUFICAPILLUS)

Oct. to Jan.
Not known ;

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

The Allied Dotterel (Mgi-

probably Oct.

ALITIS INORNATUS)

to Jan.
Not known

3fp

*

*

*

*

*

*

The Double-banded Dotterel

probably Oct.

(^Egialitis bicinctus) ...

to Jan.

*

*

*

*

*

The " Banded Bed-knee,"

Bed-kneed Dotterel (Ery-

Sept. Oct. to

THROGONYS CINCTUS,\G ouhl)

end of Dec.
Not known

*

*

*

*

Bartram's Sandpiper (Acti-

to breed in

turus bartramius)

Australia.
Not known

*

The Australian Pratincole

to breed in

(G-lareola grail aria, Temm.)

Australia.
Not known

*

*

*

The Oriental Pratincole

to breed in

(Glareola Oiientalis)

Australia.

*

The White-headed Stilt

(HlMANTOPUS LEUCOCEPHA-

September to

lus, Gould)

December.

*

*

*

*

*

;fc

The Banded Stilt (Clador-

HYNCHUS PECTORALIS, Gould)

Probably from

Sept. to Dec. ; not
yet found breeding

*?

*

*

*

OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

1S9

List of Australian Game Birds,

(Continued.)

&c.

Distribution of

Local or Vulgar and

Months

of

Breeding.

Species.

fe

a

03

CO

Scientific Name.

CQ

CO

pi

1a

CD
CD

d

.r-t
(1
O

'3

03

a

<

03

CD

!*i

»

m

c3

*

The Red-necked Avocet (Ke-

CURVIROSTRA RUBRICOLLIS,

Probably from

Temm.)

Sept. to Dec. ; not
yet found bleeding

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

The Black-tailed Godwit

~5a

+3 ^ ^

(Lirnosa rnelanuroides, Gould)

COM

*

The Barred-rumped Godwit

O ** CD

(Lirnosa uropygialis)

CD i— i

*

*

*

*

*

^

*

The Marsh Tringa (Tringa

aocnminata, Horsf.)

8 gf •

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

The Knot (Tringa canutus, L.)

id +3 ^- r— 1

CO CD t*

*

The Great Sandpiper (Tringa

h3 O

d °

tenuirostris, Horsf.)

c .5 .. 2 r

*

*?

*

The Little Sandpiper (Tringa

15 ^ ^ n

ft 0> _ .

(A ctodromus) Australis, Cuv. )

C CD ,ii fc*

*

*

*

*

^

*

*

The Curlew Sandpiper (Tringa

(Scliceniclus) subarquata,

Gilld.)

8 ? E'a

5 g 1 = a

*

*

*

%

*

*

*

The Terek Sandpiper (Tere-

TO — ~ D
<D <D 2

kia cinerea)

&.5.S.S J

*

The Common Sandpiper,

f S.S a J5 1

Tringoides hypoleucus L.

(Actitis empusa, Goidd) ...

j- o a> a
S 9 <s

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

The Green Shank (Glottis

TO ^- H

glottoides, Gould)

L, O ^ CD

*

*

*.

*

*

*

*

The Marsh Sandpiper (To-

1 S o ^.«m

tanus stagnatilis, Temm)...

.v ^1 —

*

The Grey-rumped Sandpiper

g B ..§

(Totanus brevipes, Cuv.)..

S^ 5 a

*

The Turnstone (Cinclus

c s t--a
.— — -^ -^>

(Strepsilas) interpres)

o ® § to
. k5<.S J

* *

1

*

*

*

*

190

THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

List of Australian Game Birds, &c.
{Continued.)

Distribution of

Local or Vulgar and

Months

of

Breeding.

Species.

c3

cS

CO

Scientific Name.

CO.

<

CD
CD

.3

CO

'3

a

<l

03

*

&

• i-t

aj

c3

£

f .9 2 ~ "5. "1

The Australian Snipe (Gal-

a fe ■" 5P !

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

LINAGO AUSTRALIS)

Does

N.S.
breed

Feb.

The Painted Snipe (Rhynchcea

Australis)

9<

*

*

*

*

*

*

The Australian Curlew, Long-

to a

billed Whinibrel, &c. (Nu-

i~ .a

MENIUS CYANOPUS)

— So

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

The Austi-alian Whimbrel

(NUMENIUS UROPYGIALIS,

o5 *

_ 3? d

Gould)

o "►a

^

*

*

*

*

*

*

The Little Whimbrel (Nu-

MENIUS MINOR, ScM.)

_ub'S

I fc fc -a J

*

*

*

*

*

The Straw-necked Ibis (Ge-

•o is 2 a 1

S?5 3

RONTICUS SPINICOLLIS) ...

- — h^

*

*

*

*

The White Ibis (Ibis) Thres-

•3 £ J a

kiornis, strictipennis) ...

a> ° id

n <D CD X

*

*

*

*

The Glossy Ibis (Ibis, (Fal-

j; 0) **

m — d

cinellus) igneus) ...

■< 2 •- - <u

*

*

*

*

*

The "Royal Spoonbill (Plata-

o >s a t>
« ^ a o

lea regia) Gould ...

O ^1 (D CO

*

*

*

*

The Yellow-legged Spoonbill

H >> a

(Plataleaflavipes, Gould)

o 607;

*

*

*

*

gruid^e, true cranes.

The Australian Crane, Native

Companion, &c. (Grus Aus-

Oct. to end

TRALASIANUS, Gould)

of Jan.

*

*

*

*

*

OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

191

List of Australian Game Birds, &c.
(Continued.)

Local or Vulgar and
Scientific Name.

Months

of
Breeding.

Distribution of
Species.

a

CO

O 3

cyconid^e, storks, etc.

The Jabiru, Gigantic Crane,
&c. (Xenorhynchus Aus-

TRALIS

ARDEID^E, herons, etc.

The Common Heron (Ardea

cinerea, Linn.) ...
The Great-billed Heron
(Ardea sumatrana, Baffles)
The Pacific Heron (Ardea

pacifica, Lath.')...
The White-fronted Heron,

Blue Crane, <kc. (Ardea

Novje-Hollandle)

The Australian Egret, Large
White Crane (Herodias
alba, Linn.)

The Plumed Egret, Smaller
White Crane, &c. (Hero-
dias EGRETTOIDES)

The Spotless Egret (Hero-
dias MELANOPUS)

The Little Egret (Herodias

garzetta)
The Sombre Egret (Herodias

asha)

Sept., Oct. to
Jan.

Sept., Oct. to

end of Feb.

Sept., Oct., to

end of Feb.

Sept. to Dec.

r tc-tj - ->

C 3 o

•g n

o • -

■ Oh!

t. o O

££

•gs- .

1 s =

2 So

j= ,.

g*f

o t

a a r

.2 M-=

+3 C

cS — 'S

c T3 o>
H O Q

h o h

O t- £1

"S-O

2 *>

>° o-2

S 1 2 a

2-~4

No
the
they
and

* *

*

*

*

*

*

*

!'.)!'

THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

List of Australian Game Birds, &c.
{Continued.)

Distribution of

Months

Species.

n3

Local or Vulgar and

of
Breeding.

a

CS

CO

Scientific Name.

4^'
CO

CO

a

CD
CD

■i

o
o

CO
Pi

<

'3

a

2

CO

fc

fc

G>

>

m

£

f a«»^r 1

The Pied Egret (Herodias

.2 53 S 3 5;

picata) ...

h<S o £ ■»

"*

The Blue Reef-Heron, White

"

ole info
'. respec
time
they i
ringOc
1 Jan.

Reef Heron, Grey's Reef

Heron, &c. (Herodias

cS S SO . . S 3

sacra)

No re
on rec
breed
specie
breed
Dec,

*

*

*

*

*

*

The Nankeen Night Heron

(Nycticorax Caledonicus)

•

Oct. to Jan.

*

*

*

*

*

*

bitterns and allied genera.

Breeding months

The Australian Bittern (Bo-

TAURUS AUSTRALIS) Gould

not known ; prob-

ably from Oct. to
Dec.

*

*

*

*

*

*

The Yellow-necked Mangrove

Bittern (Butoroides fla-

VICOLLIS) ...

Oct. to Jan.

*

*

*

*

*

*

The Thick-billed Mangrove

Bittern (Butoroides mac-

rorhyncha)

Sept. to Jan.

*

*

*

The Little Mangrove Bittern

(Butoroides javanica)...

Oct. to Jan.

Breeding months

*

*

Minute Bittern, Reed Bittern,

not known ; prob-

&c. (Ardetta pusilla) . . .

ably from Oct. to
Dec.

*

*

*

rails, water hens, and

ALLIES.

The Black-backed Porphyrio,

Red-bill, &c. (Porphyrio

Aug. to end

MELANOTUS)

of Nov.

*

*

*

*

*

OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

193

List of Australian Game Birds, &c.
(Continued.)

Distribution of

Local or Vulgar and

Months

of

Breeding.

Species.

,

a

c3

e3

CO

Scientific Name.

CO

CO

<

CO

PI

CD
<B

8

o

-4^
CO

'3

a

02

<

-4-3

(0

&

fe

&

t>

OQ

o3

£

The Azure-breasted Porphy-

rio, West Australian Red-

Au^. to end

bill (POKPHYRIO BELLUS). . .

of Nov.

*

mortier's TRIBONYX.

Native Hen, Swamp Hen, &c.

(Tribonyx Mortieri, Du

Oct., Nov.,

Bus.)

and Dec.

*

The Black-tailed Tribonyx,

Moor Hen, Swamp Hen,

Oct., Nov.,

&c. (Tribonyx ventralis)

and Dec.

*

*

*

*

*

The Sombre Gallinule, Water

Hen, &c. (Gallinula tene-

Sept., Oct.,

brosa)

and Dec.

The Rufous-vented Gallinule

(Gallinula ruficrissa)...

*

Tbe Australian Coot, White-

billed Water Hen, &c.

Sept., Oct.,

*

(FULICA AUSTRALIS)

and Dec.

The Pectoral Rail, Land

Rail (Rallus, (Hypotceni-

Sej)t., Oct.,

dia) Philippensis)

Nov. & Dec.

#■

*

*

*

*

*?

*

Lewin's Rail, Water Rail,

(Rallus brachipus,*SWmW)

Oct to Dec.

*

*

*

*

*

*

The Chestnut - bellied Rail,

No record-

EULABEORNIS CASTANEIVEN-

probably Oct.

tris, Gould)

to Dec.

*

*?

The Spotted Water Crake,

(PORZANA FLUMINEA)

Sept. to Dec.

*

*

*

*

*

*

The Little Water Crake,

(PORZANA PALUSTRIS)

Sept. to Dec.

*

*

*

*

*

*

194

THE PROCEEDJNGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

List of Australian Game Birds, &c.

(Continued.')

Local or Vulgar and
Scientific Name.

Months

of

Breeding.

Distribution of
Species.

CO

The Tabuan Water Crake,
Spotless "Water Rail, &c,

(PORZANA TABUENSIS) ...

The White-eye-browed Water
(Crake, (Porzana, (Erythrd)
quadristrigata) ...

natatores; anatid.e, ducks,

GEESE, ifec, AND THEIR ALLIES.

The Black Swan, (Cygnus,
(Chenopis) atratus)

Cereopsis Goose, Cape Ban-en
Goose, &c. (Cereopsis

NOV7E-HOLLANDI.E)

The Maned Goose, Wood
Duck, &c, (Chlamydochen
jubata) ...

The semi - palmated Goose,
Black and white Goose,
Pied Goose, &c, (Anser-

ANAS MELANOLEUCA)

The Green - backed Pigmy

Goose, Little Goose, &c,

(Nettapus pulchellus,

Gould)

The White-quilled Pygmy

Goose, (Nettapus albipen-

nis, Gould)

The Radjah Shieldrake,

White-headed Wood Duck,

&c. (Tadorna radjah, Eyton)

Sept. to Dec.

Oct. to Dec.

Oct. to end
of Jan.

July to Oct.

Sept., Oct.,
to end of Dec.

Oct. to end
of Jan.

Dec. k Jan.

Oct., Nov. to
end of Dec.

*

*
*

*
*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*
*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*?

*

OF NEW SOUTH WALES.

195

List of Australian Game Birds, &c.
(Continued.)

Distribution of

Local or Vulgar and

Months
of

Species.

a

ca

cS

CO

Scientific Name.

Breeding.

CO

<

a

CD
CD

C3

3

co

'3

cS

a

<

CO

CO

fc

5

©"

>

GO

c3

£

The Chestnut-colored Shiel-

drake, New-Holland Shiel-

drake, Great White-winged

Duck, Mountain Duck, &c.

(Casarca tadornoides,

Oct. Nov. and

Eyton)

Dec.

*

*?

*

*

*

*

The Australian Wild Duck,

Black Duck, Grey Duck,

&c, (Anas superciliosa,

July, Aug. to

Gmel.)

end of Dec.

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Australian Teal (Anas punc-

Sept. to end

tata, Cuv.)

of Dec.

*"

*?

*

*

*

*

*

The Freckled Duck (Anas

No records ; prob-

n^evosa) ...

ably during Oct.
to end of Dec.

*

The Australian Shoveller,

Blue-winged Shoveller, &c.

Oct. to end

(Spatula RHYNCHOTis,Za^A.)

of Jan.

*

*

Pink-eyed Duck, Zebra Duck,

Little Shoveller, Whistling

Duck, (Malacorhynchus

Oct. to end

MEMBRANACEUS) ...

of Jan.

*

*

*

*

*

*

The Whistling Wood Duck

Nov. and Dec.

(Dendrocygna vagans) . . .

to March.

No records of time

*

*

*

*

*

*

Eyton's Wood Duck (Lepto-
tarsis {Dendrocygna) eytoni)

of breeding ; prob-

ably from Nov. to
March.

*

*

*

White-eyed Duck, White-

No record of

winged Duck, Brown Duck

the time of

&c. (Nyroca Australis)

breeding.

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

196

THE rllOCEEDlNGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

List op Australian Game Birds, &c.
(Continued.')

Distribution of

Local or Vulgar and
Scientific Name.

Months

of
Breeding.

Species.

<

a

OS
m

a

03

"s
o

a

03

a

5

izTO 2

-i-i

ui

£

Blue-billed Duck (Erisma-

Sept. to end

TURA AUSTRALIS, Eytori)...

November.

*

*

*

The Musk Duck (Biziura

Sept. to end

lobata)

of Jan.

*

*

*

*

*

*

The Latin names of those

birds not considered as " Game "

in Australia are in ordinary type ; those of the "Game Birds"

in small capitals.

Addenda, including certain

Birds worthy of protection on

account of their beauty

and rarity, and which, without

protection, would soon become extinct.

The White-bellied Plumed

Bronzewirjg (Lophophaps

LENCOG ASTER, GouhV)

No records

*

*

The Red-necked Rail, Red

Scrub Rail, &c. (Rallina

tricolor)...

Sept. to Dec.

*

*

The Grass Parrot (Pezopo-

RUS FORMOSUS) ...

Oct. to Jan.

*

*

*

The Night Parrot (Geopsit-

TACUS OCCIDENTALIS)

No records

*

*

*

The Common Shore Gull

Oct., Nov.,

(Larus (Xema) Jamesonii)

and Dec.

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

The Great White-bellied Sea

Eagle (Haliaf.tus leucogas-

Sept. to end

ter)

of Jan.

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

The Pelican (Pelicanus con-

Nov. to end

spicillatus, Temm.)

of Feb.

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 197

Mr. E. P. Ramsay, the Curator of the Australian Museum,
exhibited a skin of a supposed new species of Poephila, a very
beautiful species of finch from the table-lands some 60 miles inland
from Rockingham Bay, North-East Australia, and made the fol-
lowing remarks : —

"This bird, although closely allied to Poephila gouldice {Gould),
might be considered a distinct species, on account of the differences
in the tint of coloring which pervades the pectoral band, the color
of the under tail-coverts, and the lengthened form of the centre
two tail feathers. If Poephila gouldice and P. mirabilis (Homb.
and Jacq.) be really distinct species as stated by Mr. Gould,
then the present bird must be looked upon as a third, closely allied,
and intermediate species ; but if otherwise, then this will probably
prove to be identical with P. gouldice, and that species to be the
female of P. mirabilis, as originally stated by Messrs. Hombron
and Jacquinot (Bomb, and J acq. Toy. au Pole Sud.) The length-
ened tail feathers, and narrow line of blue feathers which surrounds
the black face and throat of the present specimen, and its bluish
upper tail-coverts, lead me to this conclusion. Without a careful
examination of a good series of specimens, of both sexes, in various
stages of plumage from the young to the adult, the matter must
remain an open question, as the present bird shows characters
already recorded, noticeable in both Poephila gouldice and P. mira-
bilis. If, however, Mr. Gould be correct in separating them, then,
as I re marked before, we have a third species intermediate between
them, and which may be described as follows : — Plumage same as in
Poephila gouldice (Gould), but having the black of the throat and
face extending conspicuously beyond and round the eye, and over
the whole of the earcoverts, bounded by a narrow line of blue appar-
ently all round* ; across the chest a band of buff-tinted feathers
margined with rosy lilac or light lilac-purple, which almost obscures
the buffy tinge ; under tail-coverts white ; upper tail-coverts
greenish blue, the outer series blue : tail black, the centre two

* Skin mutilated behind the ear-coverts ; the blue line plainly visible on the
crown of the head, behind the eye, and on the throat.

198 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

feathers elongated, tapering, pointed, extending 0-6 in. beyond the
l'emainder ; bill bluish white at base, tip, and the lower mandible
red ; legs yellow. Total length to tip of lateral tail feathers,
4 in. ; wing 2-6 in. ; tarsus, 06 ; bill, 045; tail, 1-3, to tip of
centre feathers, 1 -9. All the upper surface is green ; and the
wing-quills brown as in P. gouldice.
Rah. North-east Australia.

"I shall not propose any new name at present for this bird, as
I am by no means sure that it and P. gouldice may not hereafter
prove to be females of P. mirabilis.

" I append short descriptions of Poephila gouldice and P. mira-
bilis for the benefit of our friends in the country, especially those
who may be living in the districts frequented by these lovely birds,
that they may be enabled to distinguish them afc once; and would
direct their attention to the above remarks, hoping that some
liberal-minded person, willing to aid science, may be induced to
procure and forward specimens to the Museum, f and thereby
greatly assist in clearing up any doubts which may exist respecting
the validity of the species, and add to our Museum one more
species new to the already large collection of Australian birds
exhibited there.

" I am indebted .to Mr. W. G. Armit, of Queensland, for this
specimen : —

Poephila gouldice, Gould.

Amadina gouldice, (Gould ), Bds. Aust., fol. vol. 3, pi. 88 ; id.
Handbook Bds. Aust., vol. 1, p. 420.

Poephila 'mirabilis, (female), Homb. el Jacq. Toy. au Pole Sud.

" All the upper surface of the body green ; quills of the wings
brown ; tail black ; head, and front and sides of the throat black,
bounded by a narrow line of verditer-green ; across the breast a
broad band of lilac-purple, all the under surface shining wax-
yellow ; bill, red flesh color at the base.

f Instructions for preserving specimens of Natural History may be obtained
from Mr. E. P. Ramsay, the Curator at the Australian Museum.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 199

" Total length, 3f in. ; bill, f in. ; wing, 2£ in. ; tail, 2J ; tarsi,
fin. Gould, Handbook Bds. Aust. 1, p. 421.

Poephila mirabilis, Homb. et Jacq.

" Crown of the head and cheeks of a beautiful carmine, bounded
posteriorly with a narrow line of black ; throat black, to this suc-
ceeds a band of pale blue narrow on the throat, and broad on the
back of the neck ; back and wings green, passing into yellow on
the nape of the neck ; breast crossed by a broad band of lilac, sepa-
rated from the yellow of the abdomen by a narrow line of orange ;
rump and upper tail coverts pale blue ; quills brown ; tail black ;
bill fleshy white, becoming redder at the tip ; feet, flesh-color."

Mr. Gould figures this species with tail feathers at least 2J? in.
in length ; but gives no measurements in the text. Length, about
6 inches.

MONDAY, 31st JULY, 1876.

William Macleay, Esq., President, in the Chair.
The following Donations were announced : —

The Shells of Tasmania, by the Author — the Rev. J. E.
Tenison Woods, F.L.S., F.G.S.

Hints for the Preservation of Specimens of Natural History —
by E. Pierson Ramsay, F.L.S., Curator Australian Museum.

The Secretary announced that the Rev. J. E. Tenison Woods,
F.L.S., F.G.S., had been elected by the Council a Corresponding
Member of the Society.

Mr. Ramsay exhibited a male and female specimen of the very
rare and beautiful Zylopsyche Staceyi, Scott, from the neighbour-
hood of Newcastle.

The following papers were read : —
Shells collected during the Ch evert Expedition, by John Brazier,

fc.M.Z.S.

Class Gasteropoda.

Sub-Family Purpurin^e.

1. — Purpura (Thalessa) mancinella.

Murex mancinella, Linn. Gmel., p. 3538, No. 47.

Purpura mancinella, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 239.

200 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

Purpura mancinella, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 1, species 2.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. Found on the reefs under
blocks of coral at low water.

2. — Purpura (Thalessa) echinata.
Purpura echinata, De Blainville, Nouv. Ann. da Mns.,pl. 11, f. 2.

„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 7, species 33.

Hub. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on the reefs under
coral. Also found at Port Darwin (Mr. Bednallj.

3. — Purpura (Thalessa) hippocastanum.
Murex Jiippocastanum, Linn. Gmel., p. 3559, No. 48.
Purpura liippocastanum, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 238.
„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 8, species 34a.

Sab. Barnard Islands No. 3, North-East Australia ; Darnley
Island, Torres Straits. Specimens very small.

4. — Purpura (Cronia) amygdala.

Purpura amygdala, Kiener, Icon. coq. 9, pi. 10, f. 26.

Buccinum amygdala, Reeve, Conch, Icon., pi. 8, species GO.

Hab. Home Islands, off Cape Grenville, North-East Australia;
also Moreton Bay, Port Denison, Port Jackson and Port Darwin
(Brazier).

5. — SlSTRUM OCHROSTOMA.

Ricinula ochrostoma, De Blainville, Nouv. Ann. du Mus. p. 205.

„ ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 4, species 31.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. Found in coral at low

watei*.

6. — Sistrum concatenatus.

Murex concatenates, Lister, t. 954, f. 5.

„ y , Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 176.

Ricinula concatenata, Reeve, Conch. Icon,, pi. 3, species 18a. 18b.

Hab. Warrior Reef and D largeness Island, Torres Straits.

Found at low water under broken coral.

7. — Sistrum muricatus.
Ricinula muricata, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi 5, species 39.
Hab. Home Islands off Cape Grenville, North-East Australia.
Found on the reef at low water.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 201

8. SlSTRUM Anaxares.

Purpura Anaxares, Duclos, Kiener, Icon. Coq., Viv. p. 26, pi.
7, f. 17.

., ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 12, species 61.

Hah. Home Islands, off Cape Grenville, North-East Australia;
Darnley Island, Torres Straits. Found under stones and coral on
the reefs at low water. Also found by ine at Port Makera, San
Christoval, Solomon Islands.

9. SlSTRUM MARGINALBUM.

Ricinula marginalba, De Blainville, Nouv. Ann. du Mus.

Hah. Barrow Island, North-East Australia, found under stones.

Reeve and other authors appear to connect this species with
Sistrum tuberculatum, De Blanville, from which, however, it is
quite distinct. It is a common Polynesian shell.

10.— CORALLIOPHILA SQUAMULOSUS.

Purpura squamidosus, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 12, species 68.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. One splendid specimen
found in a block of coral at low water.

Sub-Family Rap an isle.
11. — Rapa papyracea.
Bulla rapa, Linn. Syst. Nat. (12th edit.) p. 1184.
Pyrula papyracea, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 144.
Rapa tenuis, Martini, Conch., 3t. 68 f. 747, 749.
Pyrula rapa, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 7, species 21.
Rapa tenuis, H. and A. Adams, Recent Moll., vol. 3, pi. 14, fig. 8.

,, papyracea, Chenu., Manuel de Conch, p. 173, fig. 857.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. One very large specimen
was obtained at the depth of 15 fathoms, on a rough bottom of coral
and stones.

This genus was separated from Pyrula by Klein in 1753.

Fam. Dactylid^e.
12. — Dactylus (Porphyria) viridescens.
Oliva viridiscens, Martini.
„ sangu'molenta, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 426.

55 >>

202 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

Oliva Duclos, Olives, pi. 20, fig. 15, 16.

Sticphonia tricolor, Gray, Proc. Zool., London, 1858, p. 42.

Oliva viridiscens, Marrat in Sowerby's Thes. Conch., vol. 4,
p. 1G, Oliva, pi 12, fig. 171.

Hab. Hall Sound, New Guinea. Found on the reef under
stones at low water.

13. — Dactylus (Porphyria) porphyriticus.
Oliva porphyritica, Martini.

„ erythrostoma, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert, tome 7, p. 419.
Duclos, Olives, pi. 13, fig. 4, 5.
Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 5, fig. 7.
Strephona erythrostoma, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1853,
p. 42.

Oliva ( Ispjidula) erythrostoma, Cbenu., Manuel de Conch., p. 177,
fig. 877.

Oliva porphyritica, Marrat in Sowerby's Thes. Concb., "vol. 4,
p. 12, Oliva, pi. 7, fig. 105, 106.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on sandy flats at
half-tide.

14. — Dactylus (Ispidula) cozrulens.
Oliva ccerulea, Bolten.

,, episcop>alis, Lam., Anim- Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 422.
„ „ Duclos, Olives, pi. 10, f. 11, 12.

Strephonia episcopalis, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1858,
p. 42.

Oliva ccerulea, Marrat, in Sowerby's Thes. Conch., vol. 4, p. 8.,
Oliva, pi. 4, fig. 49, 50.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. Found on sand beaches
at half-tide.

15. — Dactylus (Cylindrus) tigrinus.
Oliva tigrina, Meuschen.

„ tesellata, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert, tome 7, p. 430.
Duclos, Olives, pi. 27, fig. 1, 4.
Reeve, Concb., Icon., pi. 20, fig. 53.
kdcola tigrina, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1858, p. 49.

» >>

Gc

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 203

Oliva tigrina, Marrat in Sowerby's Thes. Conch., vol. 4, p. 19,
Oliva, pi. 15, fig. 222, 223, 224.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. Found on the sands at
the edge of low water ; also at 5 fathoms sandy mud bottom.

16. — Olivella Caldania.

Oliva Caldania, Duclos, Olives, pi. 6, fig. 3, 4.

Olivina Caldania, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1858, p. 52.

Oliva Caldania, Marrat in Sowerby's Thes. Conch., vol 4, p. 11,
Oliva, pi. 6, fig. 97.

Hub. Mud Bay, Cape York, North Australia, 5,11 fathoms ;

sandy mud bottom ; Bet Island, Torres Straits, 11 fathoms, sandy

bottom.

Fam. Fasciolarud^e.

17. — Peristernia Australiensis.
Turbinella Australiensis, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 11, species 50.
Sab. Palm Island, North-East Australia. Found on the reefs
under coral.

18. — Leucozonia picta.

Turbinelta, jricta, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 4, species 19.
Hab. Katow, New Guinea. Found on sand beaches near the
mouth of the river ; one living specimen obtained.

Fam. Volutibve.
19. — Cymbium Geopgin^e.
Melo Georgince, Gray in Griffith's Cuvier's Animal Kingdom,
1833, pi. 34.

Melo mucronatus, Broderip in Sowerby, Species Conchyliorum,
1855, part 2, page 8.

Melo mucronatus, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 415, pi. 83,
fig. 23, 28.

» „ ,, „ vol. 3, p. 37G, Thes.

pi. 262, fig. 34.

Cymbium Georginaz, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1855, p. 54.

„ „ Reeve, Conch., Icon., pi. 11 sp. 6a., pi. 12.,

sp. 6b.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found in pools on the reefs
at low water.

204 the proceedings of the linnean society

20. — Cymbium umbilicatum.

Melo umbilicatus, Broderip in Sowerby, Species Conchyliorum,
1855, part 2, p. 8.

Melo umbilicatus, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 416, pi. 83,
fig. 29, 30.

Hob. Low Island, Trinity Bay, North-East Australia ; Darnley
Island, Torres Straits.

21. — Cymbium Diadema.

Voluta diadema, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 239.

Melo Diadema, Broderip in Sowerby, Species Concliyliorum,
part 2, p. 5.

Melo Diadema, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 414, pi. 82,
fig. 1G, 17.

Cymbium Diadema, Gray, Proc, Zool. Society, London, 1855,
p. 54.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.

This common species is found upon all reefs and sandbanks in
the Straits ; and is used by the Trepang and Pearl shell collectors
for holding water.

22. — Volutella flavicans.
Voluta flavicans, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 3464.

,, volvacea, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 346.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 195, pi. 46,

fig. 3, pi. 51, fig. 60.

,, lugubris, Swainson, Exotic Conchology, 1841, p. 20, pi. 40.
„ ,, Catlow and Reeve, Conchologists, Nomenclator,

p. 307, sp. 61.

,, flavicans, Reeve, Conch, Icon., pi. 19, species 45b.
„ modesta, Wood, Suppl. Index, Test. 1828, p. 11, pi. 3,
fig. 24.

,, signifer, Broderip, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1847, p. 232.
Volutella valvacea, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1866, p. 63.
Voluta flavicans, Crosse, French Journal de Conch., 1871, vol.
J 9, p. 296.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 205

Bab. Katow, New Guinea. One fine specimen was found
crawling on a sandy mud beach at the edge of low water (Crazier);
Port Essington, North Australia (Mr. G. F. Angas).

23. — Aulica Sophia.
Voluta Sophia, Gray, Arm. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1847.

„ „ „ in Voyage H.M.S. Fly, vol. 2, p. 355,

pi. 1, hg. 12.

„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 10, species 21.

Volutella „ Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1855, p. 63.
Voluta ,, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 270, Voluta
pi. 12, Thes. pi. 261, fig. 132.

Voluta sophia (Scapha) Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1864.
„ ,, Crosse, French Journal de Conch., 1871, vol. 19,

p. 279.

Hah. Warrior Island, Torres Straits, found on a white sand
beach at the edge of low water (Brazier) ; Darnley Island, Torres
Straits, 30 fathoms, sandy mud bottom (Brazier) ; Endeavour
Straits, North Australia, Mr. Jukes ; Port Essington, by the late
Mr. John Murphy, when in company with the Leichhardt expedi-
tion, specimen in collection of Dr. Cox.

24. — Aulica pulchra.

Voluta pulchra, Sowerby, Tank. Cat. App. p. 28, pi. 4, fig. 2.

Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 199, pi. 51,

fig. 61.

„ ,, . Catlow and Reeve, Conchologist, Nomenclator,

p. 306, sp. 48.

,, „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 21, species 54a 54b.

Wood, Suppl. Index, Test. p. 10, pi. 3, fig. 6.

Scapha pulchra, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1855, p. 56.

Voluta „ Chenu Manuel de Conch., p. 190, fig. 969.

(Scapha) Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1864.

Crosse, French Journal de Conch., 1871, vol.

19, p. 278.

Sab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sandy mud

bottom (Brazier) ; Heron Island, North-East Coast of Australia,

206 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

the late Mr. John Maegillivray ; Lady Elliott's Island, North-
East Australia (Brazier).

25. — AULICA RUTILA.

Voluta rutila, Broderip, Zool. Journal, 1825, vol. 2, p. 30, pi. 3.
Sowerby, Thes. Conch, vol. 1, p. 200, pi. 46, fig. 5, 6.
,, ,, Catlow and Reeve, Conchologists, Nonienclator.
p. 306, sp. 52.

,, ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 4, fig. 8.
Scapha rutila, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1855, p. 5C).
Voluta rutila, Chenu Manuel de Conch., p. 187, fig. 952.

„ ,, (Scapha) Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1864, p.
„ ,, Crosse, French Journal de Conch, 1871, vol. 19,

p. 279.

,, ,, aulica, Kiener.

Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found at low water on the
reefs, crawling in small pools (Brazier).

26. SCAPHELLA MACULATA.

Voluta maculata, Swainson, Exotic, Conch., p. 23, pi. 38.
Sca.phella maculata ,, Malacology, p. 101, fig. 7b.

Voluta „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 196. pi. 53,

fig. 85, 86.

,, ,, Catlow and Reeve, Conchologists, Nomenclator,

p. 307, sp. 31.

„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 13, fig. '30.

Amoria mactdata, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc , London, 1855, p. 64.
Voluta „ (Amoria) Angas, Zool. Soc, London, 1864.

,, ,, Crosse, French Journal de Conch., 1871, vol.

19, p. 292.

Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia. Found on sand flats
inside the reefs at low water. The shells are generally occupied
by a species of Pagurus, or Hermit Crab.

Scaphella maculata was found by me in 1871 at Port Curtis,
Port Denison, and Fitzroy Island, North-East Australia. (Brazier).

of new south wales. 207

Fam. Mitrid.e.

27. MlTRA EPISCOPALIS.

Voluta episcoj)alis, Linn. Gmel. p. 3459, No. 94.
Mitra ejjlscojmlis, Lam., Anitn. Sans Vert, tome 7, p. 299.

„ „ Chenu. Manuel de Conch, p. 193, fig. 99G.

„ „ Sowerby, Tlies. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 1,

%. 3.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. Found inside the reefs
on the sands at half-tide ; also under coral blocks on the reefs.

28. — Mitra cylandracea.

Mitra cylandracea, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London. 1844, p. 175.
,, ,, „ Conch. Icon., pi. 13, species 97.

„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch, vol. 4, Mitra pi. 12,

fig. 188.

Hob. Warrior Eeef, Torres Straits, 8 fathoms, hard mud bottom.
One specimen found.

29. — Mitra lugubris.
Mitra lugubris, Swainson, Zool. Ulust.

„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch, vol. 4, Mitra pi. 12,

fig. 201.

Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10 fathoms, sandy bottom.

30. — Nebularia adusta.

Mitra adusta, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. "03.

„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 2, fig. 2G.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on the reef under
coral.

31. — Nebularia suturata.

Mitra saturata, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1845, p. 54.
„ „ „ Conch. Icon. pi. 34, species 282.

„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 1G,

fig. 585.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10, 20, 30 fathoms.

208 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
32. SCABRICOLA CRENIFERA.

Mitra crenifera, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 306.

,, „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch, vol. 4, Mitra pi. 3,

fig. 29, 30.

Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. One specimen found at
30 fathoms, sandy mud bottom.

33. — SCARICOLA GRANATINA.

Mitra granatina, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 306.
,, „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch, vol. 4, Mitra pi. 3, fig.

33, 34, 35.

Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. One specimen found with
Scabricola crenifera.

34. — Cancilla duplilirata.

Mitia duplilirata, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1845, p. 46.
„ „ ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 29, species, 229.

„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 25,

fig. 555.

Flab. Princess Charlotte Bay, North-East Australia, 14 fathoms,
sandy bottom ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, white
sand bottom.

35. — Cancilla filaris.

Volutafitosa, Born. Mus., t. 9, f. 9, 10.

Mitra filosa, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 311.

„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra, pi. 7, fig.

82, 83.

Sab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on the reefs.

36. — Cancilla circulata.
Mitra circulata, Kiener, Icon. Coq., pi. 5, fig. 13.

,, „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 7, fig.

86, 87.

Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 fathoms;
bottom, sand in places, also sandy mud.

of new south wales. 209

37. — Cancilla hebes.
Mitra hebes, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1845, p. 55.
„ ,, ,, Conch. Icon. pi. 35, species 292.

„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 14, fig. 230.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy
mud bottom.

38. — Cancilla interlirata.
Mitra interlirata, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1844, p. 173.
„ „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 10, species 70.

„ „ Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 19, fig. 369.

Hab. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 12, 20 fathoms, mud
bottom ; Bet Island, Torres Straits, 1 1 fathoms, bottom, coarse
sand with broken stones and coral j Darnley Island, Torres Straits,
5, 10, 15, 20, 30 fathoms, bottom mud and sandy mud.

39. — Cancilla pura.

Mitra pura, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851, p. 13G.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra, pi. 25, fig. 566.

Hab. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 20 fathoms, sandy-
mud bottom, one specimen found ; Cape York, North Australia,
5 fathoms, bottom sand, three specimens found ; Warrior Reef,
west side Torres Straits, 8 fathoms, bottom hard mud, three speci-
mens found ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 15, 20, 30 fathoms,
bottom sand with mud, eighteen found — all fine specimens; Katow,
New Guinea, 4 fathoms, mud specimens dead.

40. — Chrysame rotundilirata.
Mitra rotundilirata, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1844,
p. 183.

„ „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 23, species 178.

„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., Mitra, pi. 16,

fig. 278.

Hab. Dai-nley Island, Torres Straits, 10, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy

mud bottom.

41. — Chrysame tabanula.

Mitra tabanula, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert, tome 7. p. 323.

,, „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 39, species 332.

210 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

Mitra tabanula, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 16,
fig. 280, 281.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on the reefs under

coral.

42. — Chrysame fraga.

Mitra fragra, Quoy and Gaimard.

„ perigra, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1844, p. 184.
,, ,, ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 24, species 18G.

„ fraga, Sowerby, Thes. Conch, vol. 4, Mitra pi. 16, fig. 284.
Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia, found under coral on
the reefs at low water- — true specimen of the Mitra fraga, Quoy.;
Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found under coral and stones at
low water — Variety, Mitra peregra, Peeve.

43. — Strigatella Dichroa.
Mitra dichroa, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851, p. 140.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra, pi. 22,

fig. 463.

Hab. Dungeness Island, Torres Straits. One specimen found
on the reef under coral.

44. — Turricula costellarjs.

Mitra costellaris, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert, tome 7, p. 308.

,, „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitoa, pi. 2,

fig. 25.

Hab. Hall Sound, New Guinea. One dead specimen found on

the beach.

45. — Turricula corrugata.

Mitra corrugata, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 308.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. fig.

41, 42.

Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia, found on the reef
under coral, four specimens obtained ; Cape York, North Australia,
one specimen found on the beach.

46. — Turricula plicata.
Mitra plicata, Klein.
Voluta plicaria, Linn. Gmel., p. 3452, No. 55.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 211

Mitra plicaria, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 307.

„ Chenu Manuel de Conch., p. 195, fig. 1013.
Mitra plicata, Sowerby, Tlies. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 2, tig. 26,
Hab. Low Island, Trinity Bay, North-East Australia. One
specimen found on the reef.

47. TURRICULA T^ENIATA.

Mitra tceniata, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7. p. 307.
„ Chenu Manuel de Conch, p. 196, fig. 1028.
„ ,, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 4, fig.

51, 52.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 5, 10 fathoms, white sandy
mud bottom. Two fine living specimens and two dead obtained.

48. — TURRICULA JUKESI.

Mitra Jukesii, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851, p. 139.
,, „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 9., r'g.

115, 116.

Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia. One specimen found
on the reef under coral. Specimens in my own collection are from
Port Darwin, North-West Australia (by Mr. Bednall).

49. TURRICULA VULPECULA.

Volluta vulpecula, Linn. Gmel. p. 3451, No. 54.
Mitra „ Lam., Anim. Sans Vert, tome 7, p. 309.

„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 2,

fig. 13.

Hab. Daraley Island, Torres Straits. One living specimen was
found under coral on the reef.

50. — TURRICULA CURVILIRATA.

Mitra curvilirata, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 9,
fig. 128, 129.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, white sandy
bottom. Two specimens found.

212 the proceedings of the linnean society

51.— -Turricula Antonelli.

Mitra Antonelli, Dorhn, Proc.,Zool. Soc, London, 1860, p. 367.
,, „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 26,

fig. 586.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10 fathoms, sandy bottom.

52. — Turricula Formosa.

Mitra formosa, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851, p. 138.
„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra, pi. 14,

fig. 235.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, white sandy
bottom. One specimen found.

53. — Turricula aurantia.
Voluta aurantia, Gmelin.

Mitra aurantiaca, Lam., Anim., Sans Vert, tome 7, p. 316.
„ Peronii, „ „ „ „ „ p. 322.

„ aurantia, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 15,
fig. 251.

Ilab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. One specimen found
under stones.

54. — Turricula hastata.

Mitra hastata, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 27, fig.
620, pi. 28, fig. 632.

Turricula casta, A. Adams, not Solander.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy
mud bottom.

The name casta having been previously occupied by Solander,
Mr. Sowerby changed the name as above.

55. COSTELLARIA ARENOSA.

Mitra arenosa, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome, 7, p. 321.

,, „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 20, fig.

423, 426.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. Two specimens found
under stones.

OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 213

56. COSTELLARIA AMANDA.

Mitra amanda, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1845, p. 59.
„ ,, ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 38, fig. 318.

Sowerby, Thes. Conch., Mitra pi. 26, fig. 592.

Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia, 8 fathoms, mud
bottom; Princess Charlotte Bay, North-East Australia, 13 fathoms,
sandy mud bottom ; Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 20, 30
fathoms, fine white sandy mud bottom ; Evans Bay, Cape York,
6 fathoms, coarse sand bottom ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits,
5, 10, 20, 30 fathoms bottom mud, fine sand, and sandy mud. I
have dredged the same species in Noumea Harbour, New Cale-
donia, at various depths from a mud bottom.

57. — COSTELLARIA MlCHAUI.

Mitra Michaui, Cross and Fischer, French Journal de Conch.,
1864, vol. 12, p. 337.

,, rigida, Reeve, Conch. Icon. p. 22, species 169.
„ MicJiaudi, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 10,
fig. 157.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits. One fine specimen found
on the reef under a block of coral.

58. COSTELLARIA ARMILLATA.

Mitra armillata, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1845. p. 58.
„ „ ,, Conch. Icon., pi. 37, species 315.

., „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch , vol. 4, pi. 22, fig. 496.

Hab. Mud Bay, Cape York, North Australia. One specimen
found on the beach.

59. COSTELLARIA LUBENS.

Mitra lubens, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1845, p. 61.

„ „ „ Conch. Icon., pi. 39, species 331.

„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 24, fig. 542.
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 15 fathoms rough saxylff?
bottom. /^V^lM

214 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
60. COSTELLARIA LONGISPIRA.

Mltra longispira, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 20,
fig. 403, page 36.

tiab. Palm Island, North-East Australia, 8 fathoms mud bottom.
One tine living specimen found.

61. COSTELLARIA DEL1CATA.

Mitra delicata, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851,

p. 137.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 15 fathoms, s mdy mud

bottom.

62. — Callithea. oblescus.

Mitra oblescus, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844, p. 175.

„ Conch. Icon., pi. 15, species 107.
Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 9, fig.

126, 127.

Hob. Cape York, North Australia, 11 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms mud

bottom.

63. — Cylindra crenulata.

Voluta crenulata, Chemn. Conch. lOt 150, fig. 1413, 1414.
Mitra „ Lun., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, page 315.

„ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra pi. 18,

fig. 345.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres '-traits. One specimen found

under coral on the reef.

64. — Imbricaria conica.
Imbricaria conica, Schumacher, 236, p. 21, fig. 5.
Mitra conica, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 27, species 216.

„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Couch., vol. 4, Mitra, pi. 18, tig.

364, 365.

Conohelix conicus, Chenu Manuel de Conch., p. 197, fig. 1033.

Conoelix marmorata, Swainson.

Bab. Low Island, Trinity Bay, North-East Australia. Found
in small pools of water on the sand fiats.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 215

The genus Imbricaria was first described by Schumacher in 1817,
since then Swainson has caused great confusion by the use of the
following generic names : —

Conoelix, Swainson, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1833, p. 197.

Concehelix, Swainson Malocology, 1840, p. 127, 128, 129, 133.

Conceive „ „ „ p. 318, 321.

Conohelix, Callow and Reeve, Conchologists, Nomenclator, 1845,
p. 296.

,, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1847, p. 142.

Conohcelix, Sower by, Thes. Conch., vol. 4, Mitra p. 14.

Remarks on the large number of Game Birds which have of late
been offered for sale in Sydney — by E. Pierson Ramsay,
F.L.S., Curator of the Australian Museum, Sydney.

During the last month or so the amount of game exhibited in
the Sydney markets, and at the stalls of the various dealers and
poultrymen throughout the city, is somewhat remarkable, especi-
ally when we are so accustomed to hear the oft-repeated, hackneyed
expression that there is " little or no game to be found in Aus-
tralia." People were beginning to believe this, as they did the
absurd statements that our Australian flowers had no scent, and
our birds no song. It is gratifying to find that such large quanti-
ties of game can be found when there is a sufficient demand for it.
I find that most of the game has been obtained from Melbourne
side, having been shot on the extensive lakes and lagoons in the
neighbourhood of Ballarat, &c, and from whence they are for-
warded per rail to Melbourne. Lake Burrumbeet and some
lagoons in that vicinity are at present swarming with wild fowl ;
but, nearer home, we find Lake George and Lake Bathurst
equally well stocked, the lakes and extensive swamps and lagoons
in the Ulawarra district also, particularly about Shoalhaven,
are supplying Sydney with large quantities, while a few come
from the Hunter and Paterson districts. The game birds usually

216 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

offered for sale consist of chiefly the Black Duck, Teal, the
Brown or " White-eyed " Duck, and Blue-winged Shovel-bills ;
but latterly several other kinds have been obtained, including
species not frequently met with. The following is a list of the
species which I have observed lately.

1. Black Duck, Anas superciliosa.

2. Maned Goose, Chlamydoclien jubata.

3. Teal, Anas punctata.

4. Blue-winged Shoveller, Spatula rliynchotis.

5. Pink-eared Shoveller, Malacorliynchus membranaceus.

6. " White-eye," White-winged, or Brown Duck, Nyroca

australis.

7. The Black Swan, Cygnus atratus.

These species are found tolerably plentiful throughout the
whole of New South Wales, and the supply for the Sydney market
is generally obtained from Illawarra. As an article of di t, they
rank as enumerated. The Maned Goose is seldom found on the
lakes, but prefers the grassy slopes in the vicinity of Creeks and
rivers. They are usually known tmder the name of the Wood
Duck, from their habit of settling on the trees, the thicker
boughs of which afford them a secure footing. They lay from
eight to ten eggs, of a pale cream colour, in the hollow boughs of
trees. The Black Swans are found often in immense numbers, but
as an article of food are not in much demand.

Among the scarcer kinds which occasionally find their way into
poulterers' hands are —

No. 8. The Grey or Freckled Duck, Anas ncevosa, not a very
palatable bird.

No. 9. The Mountain Duck or Shieldrake, about equal in
flavour to the last, but one of the finest and most beau-
tiful of the family, as well as the largest of our Australian
Ducks.

No. 10. The Musk Duck, Biziura lobata, is sometimes offered
for sale, but, being about as good to eat as a Black Shag
or Cormorant, is not eagerly sought after by epicures.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 217

Why this bird has such a rank flavour I can hardly tell, its
food consists of fresh- water molluscs, Physa, Lymnea, small Unios,.
and Cyclas, with the soft fleshy stems of water- weeds and flags,
which they pull up with their powerful bills, and bite the ends off
near the roots. The eggs of the Musk Duck are two in number,
about three inches in length, of a pal ! greenish ground colour, and
rough to the touch. The nest is made of water-weeds, and placed
amongst the flags and sedges in the lagoons and lakes, often at a
considerable distance from the land.

All the other species before mentioned, from No. 1 to 6 inclu-
sive, are considered very palatable.

In the northern parts of the colony a large quantity of game birds
abound, but there, every one who cares for it, seems to be his own
caterer, and few are ever seen offered for sale in the townships.
In the Rockhampton district I noticed large flocks of the Pigmy
Goose, Nettapus albipennis ; the Whistling Duck, Dendrocygna
vagans ; and Eyeton's Wood Duck, Leptotarsus eyetoni ; also, the
beautiful white-headed Shieldrake, Tadorna rajah, o .e of the most
beautiful species known. I found all these sj ecies and Bernicla
juba'a plentiful also, on the lagoons near the mouth of the Bur-
nett river. The Pigmy Goose, and the large semi-pal mated goose,
Anseranas melanoleiica, are also found tolerably plentiful in the
Clarence and Richmond River Districts. The latter is occasion-
ally offered for sale in the city, but is not very palatable. On the
other hand, the Pigmy Goose is considered quite equal to the Teal
and Black Duck, which are looked upon among the best for the
table.

In addition to the various species of the Anatidae which are
exposed for sale as articles of food, and looked upon as game
birds in Australia, are several species of Plover —

The Spur Wing, Lohivanellas lobatvs.

The Black-breasted Plover, Sarciophovus pectoral'is.

The Stilted Plover or Australian Stilt, Hlmantopus Icuco-
cepludus.

The Avocet, Recurvirostra rubricollisj and

The Banded Stilt, Chladorhynclms pectoralls.

218 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

The last mentioned is a very rare bird in New South Wales,
and I only know, at present, of one instance, brought under my
notice by our President, W. Macleay, Esq., of its having been
offered for sale in Sydney. In Melbourne, however, it is
sometimes met with in the markets. The White-headed Stilt
Plovers are more often seen here, and sometimes the Avocets,
both of which have been obtained from the Illawarra districts.
I believe the Banded Stilts aforementioned had been sent
up from Melbourne. None of these, excepting the Spur-wing
and Black-breasted Plover, are at all palatable, and it seems
a pity that such fine birds should be slain, but I suppose
purchasers are found for them, otherwise they would not be sent
for sale. There is no accounting for tastes !

The Golden Plover, Chamdrius longipes, occasionally visits New
South Wales in the winter time in large flocks ; they are
frequently so very fat and oily that it is with great difficulty
decent looking skins can be made of them, even by expert
taxidermists ; at this time of the year they are only fit for the
table, and numbers of them find their way there every year. We
next come to the Land Rails and Water Hens : the Land Rail,
Rallus or Hypotceidia philippensis, is by far the most delicate
flavoured ; they arrive here in considerable numbers during August
and September, remaining to breed among the long grass and
bushes in swampy places, all over the country, and are not unfre-
quently found nesting in the wheat fields and lucerne paddocks.
This species is found all over the continent of Australia, and also
in the Fiji and South Sea Islands. The Long-billed Rail, or
Lewin's Rail, Rallus bracltypus, Swain, is by no means rare in
some of the swamps about Sydney, but is seldom found in the
market ; like the preceding, it is a very delicate-flavoured bird.
The Red Bill, or Porphyrio {P. melanotus), and the Water Hen,
Gallinula tenehrosa, are more often seen, and lately, numbers of
Coot (Fulica Australis), have been forwarded from Melbourne.
Quail are seldom seen offered for sale, but occasionally they
may be obtained. The species found about Sydney are Turnix
varius, the Forest Quail, and the Swamp Quail, Synoicus

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 219

australis — the former has been rather more plentiful this year
than usual, and seems to prefer the open forest country, or the
rocky slopes and ridges near the coast.

Snipe (Scolopax australis) are sometimes obtainable, but,
although the rare painted snipe is sometimes found near Sydney,
but more often on the swampy flats about Lake George, I have
not met with an instance of its finding its way to the Sydney
markets, but I have seen specimens, said to have been obtained
in the Melbourne markets.

In addition to the species already enumerated, I may mention
the following, which are occasionally found with the poulterers :
The Australian Crane, or Native Companion, Grus australasianus ;
the Plain Turkey, or Bustard, Ewpodotis australis ; the Bittern,
Botav.rus poieiloptilus, and Green-shanks, Glottis glottoides. I
heard of a bittern being sold yesterday as a " Bustard," or
" Turkey," for the sum of 8s.

The following is a list of the game birds which have been offered
for sale in Sydney during the last month, with the prices : —

Black Duck, Anas sv/p&rciliosa, 4s. to 8s. per pair.

Teal, Anas punctata , 3s. 6d. to 6s. per pair.

Freckled duck, Anas nervosa, 4s. to 8s. per pair.

Shovel-bills, Spatula rhynchotis, 4s. to 6s. per pair.

Brown duck, Nyroca cmstralis, 4s. to 6s. per pair.

Pink-eared Shovel-bill, Malacorhynchus membranaceus, 4s. to 5s.

per pair.
Black Swan, Cygrms at rat us, Us. to 8s. each.
Mountain Duck, Gasa/rca tetdornoides, 6s. to 8s. per pair.
Musk Duck, Biziura lobataj 4s. per pair.
Semipalmated Goose, Auseraaas melanoleiica, 8s. each.
Red-bill, Porphyrio melcmotus, 3s. per pair.
Galinules, Galinida tenebrosa, 3s. per pair.
Coot, Fulica australis, 3s. per pair.
Native Companion, Grus australasianus, 8s. each.
Bittern, Botaurus australis, sold as a "turkey" or bustard 8s.

per pair.
Stilted Plover, Himantopus lencocc.p1w.lns, 3s. per pair.
Banded Stilt, Chladorhynchus pectoralis, 3s. per pair.

220 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

Erismatura australis — some of these rare birds, at pi'esent the

rarest of all our Australian ducks, have lately been obtained

for the sum of 5s. per pair.

Since writing the above, the following species have occurred

from N. S. Wales : — Dendrocygna vagans, and Anseranus melano-

lenoa.

Mr. Macleay also informs me that one of his taxidermists
obtained a fine pair of Blue-billed Ducks, Erismatura australis,
which had been sent from the Melbourne district among other
game birds, and purchased of a poulterer in Sydney.

Erismatura australis was formerly supposed to be confined to
the Lakes and Swamps of West Australia, but several pairs have
been lately obtained in the Melbourne markets.

On some new forms of Arachnulse, by H. H. B. Bradley, Esq.
Salticus Macleayanus, n.s.— Plate II.

Adult. — -Total length, 3 lines ; to extremity of falces, 4§ lines.

Cephalothorax elongate ; capul divided from the thorax by a
strong constriction, leaving the former nearly square ; thorax not
as high as caput, oval, highest in front, arched and marked by
furrows corresponding to the legs ; colour black, with minute
white shining hairs, particularly in the centre of the cephalothorax,
thus giving the appearance of a longitudinal white band.

Eyes in three rows ; centre anterior eyes very large ; latei'al
anterior eyes and eyes of third line about equal in size (half as
large as central anterior eyes), and placed at the four corners of
the square ; eyes of the middle row, excessively minute, are as
near to the posterior as to the anterior lateral eyes.

Legs rather long, slender, with a few minute white hairs ; rela-
tive length 4, 1, 2, 3, with but little difference between the 4th
and 1st and the 2nd and 3rd pairs respectively ; color — first pair
dark reddish brown, except the genual and coxal, which are yel-
low ; second pair light yellow, the coxal and exinquinal and the

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 221

underside of the femoral, genual, and tibial, is dark reddish
brown ; third pair dark reddish brown, except the tarsi, which are
light yellow; fourth pair dark reddish brown, except exinguinal and
extreme tip of tarsi, which are light yellow ; in all legs the
respective lengths of the femoral, tibial, and metatarsal-cum-tarsal
are nearly equal.

Palpi about as long as falces ; radial joint twice as long as
cubital, enlarging gradually towards the extremity, and having a
sharp double-curved corneous projection on its outer extremity ;
digital twice as long as radial, oval ; palpal organs small, consist-
ing of a simple lobe, with a small white spiral spine coiled one
and a half times round the lobe ; extremity hairy.

Maxillce, slightly enlarged at the extremities, which are diver-
gent and closely covered on the inner side with hairs which curve
inwards.

Lah'm m. oblong, rounded at the apex.

Falces very prominent, long, strong, and massive ; not quite as
long as cephalothorax ; inner face flat, outer face slightly rounded ;
extremities straight, and not rounded on either side ; above nearly
flat for two-thirds of their length, when they slope gradually
towards the extremities ; on the outer side, at about one third of
their length from their insertion, is a strong tooth, directed
upwards and sidewards ; there is also a strong tooth on the inner
extremity ; viewed from below, the falces seem to have a longitu-
dinal furrow ; at the extremity and on the lower edge of this fur-
row are five strong teeth, about which are some long fine hairs ;
color silvery for two-thirds of the length, and then dark brown,
with a few minute hairs.

Fangs as long as falces, straight, almost the entire length, with
a slight curve or hook at the extremity ; slightly thickest at the
insertion, and tapering very gradually to the extremity, and with-
out any seration ; colour dark brown for three-fourths their length,
then light reddish yellow.

Abdomen joined to cephalothorax by a very short cylindrical
pedicle ; oval, slightly widening at about one-third of its length :

222 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

color dark brown, covered with minute grey hairs ; the abdomen
comes up to the cephalothorax in such a way that the pedicle is
not seen.

A single specimen of this species from Endeavour River, Queens-
land, in the Macleay Museum, was collected as an ant, and the
mistake was not discovered until the insect came into the hands of
its present possessor. This species is peculiarly interesting, as
coming close to the Ceylon species — S. bicurvatus and S. plata-
leoides — described by the Rev. O. P. Cambridge in the Annals
and Magazine of Natural History for January, 1860, and it is
another instance of close similarity in the araneides from Ceylon
and Northern Australia. In the plate the insect is represented
at four times its actual size.

Gerrosoma Nov. Genus, a

Cephalothorax entirely hidden by the projection of the front
part of the abdomen ; cephalic part pointed, elevated, and termi-
nating in a tubercle which carries six eyes.

Eyes eight, unequal, round ; six, looking forward, placed in two
rows on the tubercle, two in the upper, and four in the lower row ;
the four centre eyes forming a trapezium, widest at the upper
part ; anterior intermediate eyes largest ; laterals very near to
these and smallest ; the other two eyes, placed in the angles of the
cephalothorax, directed laterally.

Maxilla! broad, long, and diverging, rounded at the extremi-
ties.

Labium much broader than long, convex, and rounded at the
anterior margin.

Legs of two first pairs long, of two hinder pairs short, strong ;
1st and 2nd equal 1 and 3.

Sternum oval.

Falces moderately long, strong, and narrower towards the extre-
mities.

a Vtppov — the oblong shield of the Persians; Sa»/.m — body.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 223

Abdomen much longer than broad, and projecting in such a way
as completely to hide the caput.

Gerrosojia papense, n.s.

Maxilla labium, sternum, and cephalothorax light reddish
yellow ; cephalothorax 004 m. long, .003 in. broad, moderately
high and arched ; the caput marked by a very distinct furrow ;
there is also a longitudinal furrow running from the back of
the caput; rising out of the front part is a tubercle .001 m-
high, bearing six eyes ; these are placed in two lines ; the lower,
consisting of four eyes, is curved downwards ; two centre eyes
largest; the eyes of the upper line are half the size of the
anterior intermediate eyes, and are placed twice their own diameter
apart, and nearly as far above the anterior intermediate eyes ;
anterior latei-als smallest, and nearly touching the anterior inter-
mediates ; the tubercle is narrowest at the base (where it is fur-
nished with short hairs), and about as broad as high ; the other
two eyes are placed in the angles of the cephalothorax, and are
directed laterally ; all eyes round.

Maxillce about twice as long as broad, rounded at the apex,
diverge, and are well furnished on the inner edge with short curved
hairs.

Labium broader than long.

Falces long and strong, tapering slightly, and furnished with
a short strong tooth on the inner side ; light yellowish red at the
insertion, reddish black at the extremity.

Fangs short and strong, reddish black.

Sternum heart shaped, a little longer than broad.

Palpi reddish, broad, strong, and well furnished with hairs.

Legs reddish brown, with darker spots, and moderately furnished
with grey hairs; 1 and 2 pairs ecpial 017 m., 4th pair 614 m., 3rd
pair 01 m.

Abdomen .012 m. long, and in the broadest part (two-thirds of
its length) 0055 m. broad ; pi-ojecting past the cephalothorax in
such a way as completely to conceal it when looked at from above ;

224 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

of a dark reddish brown with grey markings ; furnished in front
with four short pointed tubercles ; marked ' at the posterior part
with transverse furrows ; on the underside of the same colour, and
with a strong triangular pointed ovipositor at the epigyue.

One female specimen from Hall Sound, New Guinea, among the
insects collected in the Ch evert expedition. I know nothing of its
habits, and propose to place the genus provisionally among the
Ruditelariaj.

MONDAY, 28th AUGUST, 1876.

William Macleay, President, in the Chair.
The following donations were announced : —
Descriptions of new species of Shells from Queensland, with colored
Plates— 2 pamphlets originally published in the Zool. Soc.
Proceedings of December, lb? 4, and January, 1875 — by the
author, John Brazier, C.M.Z.S.
The following papers were read : —

Shells collected during the Chevert Expedition. By John
Brazier, C.M.Z.S.

Family Marginellid.e.
1. — Marginella guttula.
Marginella guttula, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 20, sp. 101.
Hub. Cape G-renville, North-East Coast of Australia, 20
fathoms ; Cape York, North Australia, 5, 11 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy
bottom.

This species is allied to Marginella attenuata, Reeve, found in
Port Jackson (Brazier).

2. — Marginella sp. 1
Hob. York Island, Torres Straits, 12 fathoms, mud bottom.
One specimen obtained dead somewhat allied to Marginella guttula,
Reeve.

of new south wales. 225

3. — Marginella sp. 1

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom. One specimen found, very much sea-worn.

4. — Marginella sp. 1

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom. Two sea-worn specimens found.

5. — Marginella sp. 1

Hob. Katow, New Guinea, 5 fathoms, mud bottom. Three
specimens found, very much sea-worn.

6. — Marginella (Prunum) lavigata, n. sp.

Shell ovate, white ; spire short, somewhat rounded at the angle;
whorls, 4, smooth, flattened, white, glossy, rather thick ; columella
5, plaited, the upper one short rounded nearly obsolete, the three
centre strongly thickened, the lower slightly twisted ; outer lip
straight, having 17 teeth on the edge, thickly margined behind.

Length 3, breadth If lines.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10, 20, 30 fathoms, white
sandy mud bottom; Katow, New Guinea, 7 fathoms, mud bottom.

A pure white shell, allied in form to Marginella Candida,
Sowerby, much more angular and conical, with 'the outer lip more
strongly denticulated than that species.

7. — Marginella (Gibberula) pisum.

Marginella pisum, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 27, sp. 156.

Ilab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, white
sandy bottom. Out of forty specimens obtained only one living,
the remainder all sea-worn.

8. — VOLVARIA FUSIFORMIS.

Marginella fasiformis, Hinds, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1844,
p. 75.

„ ,, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 382,

pi. 75, fig. 76, 77.

226 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

Hab. ■ Cape York, North Australia, 5, 1 1 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom ; Katow, New Guinea, 7 fathoms, mud bottom, specimens
dead ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 15, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy
bottom.

9. — Erato gallinacea.

Ovulum galUnaceum, Hinds, Moll. Voyage, Sulphur.

Erato gallinacea, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 3, p. 83, Thes. pi.
219, fig. 33, 34.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy
bottom.

1 0. — Erato angyostom a.

Erato angyostoma, Sowerby, Conch. Illust. f. 51.

,, ,, ,, Thes. Conch, vol. 3, p. 83, Thes.

pi. 219, fig. 19, 20, 23, 24.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy
bottom, found with E. gallinacea (Hinds) ; Katow, New Guinea,
7 fathoms, sandy mud bottom.

Sub-Family Columbellin.e.

11. columbella fulgurans.

Colombella fidgnrans, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 296.

„ punctata „ „ „ „ „ p. 297.

Columbella fulgurans, Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 125, pi.

38, fig. 94, 95, 96:

,, ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 11, sp. 50 a,b.

Hab. Barnard Islands No. 3, North-East Coast of Australia ;
Barrow Island, North-East Australia; Cape Grenville, North-
East Australia, found under stones.

The figure given by Sowerby in Thesaurus Conchyliorum at
pi. 38, fig. 94, is Lamarck's C. punctata. Lamarck in his
" Historie Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres," 1822, uses the
term Colombella, all recent writers the term Columbella.

12. — Columbella scripta.
Columbella scripta, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert. 1822, tome 7, p. 295.
„ versicolor, Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1832,

p. 119.

OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 227

Columbella versicolor, Sowerby, They. Conch., vol. 1, p. 117, pi.
Thes. 35, figs. 41-46.

Hab. Warrior Reef. Torres Straits, found in coral at low
water.

Mr. Sowerby ignores Lamarck's specific name of scrijpta, and
redescribes it under another name of versicolor. Specimens from
New Caledonia, Solomon Islands, and Port Jackson, agree with
the description of the markings given by Sowerby, but not in the
coin mellar having two prominent teeth within. Some hundreds
of specimens examined by me have on the edge of the columella 7
teeth, and well below 2 rnoi-e.

13. — Columbella nivosa.
Columbella nivosa, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 26, sp. 166
Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia, found on the reefs

under coral at low water.

I think Reeve must be wrong in giving Guatemala as the

locality for this species. It is allied to Columbella scripta, (Lam.)

14. — Columbella (Mitrella) essingtonensis.

Columbella Essingtonensis, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 27, sp. 174, a,b.

Hab. Cape York, North Australia, found crawling on the
sand fiats at low water. Specimens vary from blackish brown to
dirty white, having two chestnut lines on the last whorl ; others
have one broad band.

15. — Columbella (Mitrella) intexta.
Columbella intexta, Gaskoin, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1851, p. 7.

,, intertexta, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 17, sp. 88.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, white sand
bottom.

16. — Columbella (Mitrella) sp. 1
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms sand bottom.
One specimen of this species was found dead and sea-worn.

17. — Columbella (Mitrella) sp. 1
Hab. Cape York, North Austialia, 11 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom. One sea-worn specimen obtained.

228 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

18. — COLUMBELLA (MlTRELLA) SP. 1

Hah. Katow, New Guinea, 7 fathoms, mud bottom. Two
dead and sea-worn specimens found.

19. COLUMBELLA (MlTRELLA) CONTAMINATA.

Columbella contaminata, Gaskoin, Proc. Zool. Soc., London,
1851, p. 7.

,, ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 19, sp. 102.

Hah. Princess Charlotte Bay, North-East Australia, 14 fathoms,
sandy bottom ; Cape York, North Australia, 5, 11 fathoms, sandy
mud bottom ; Darnlcy Island, Torres Straits, 10. 15, 20 fathoms,
sandy bottom ; Katow, New Guinea, 4, 7 fathoms, mud bottom ;
also found in Noumea harbour, New Caledonia, 4, 7 fathoms,
bottom of weeds and mud.

20. — Columbella (Anachis) lentiginosa.
Columbella lentiginosa, Hinds, Moll. Voy. Sulphur, pi. 10,

f -71 90

„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 37, sp. 240.

Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10, 15, 20, 30 fathoms,
sandy mud bottom. Something like 200 specimens obtained.

21.— Columbella (Anachis) regulus.

Columbella pumila, Souverbie, French Journal de Conch., 1862,
Vol. 11, p. 281, pi. 12, fig. 14, not Columbella pumila, (Dunker).

Columbella regulus, Souverbie, French Journal de Conch., 1863,
vol. 12, p. 41.

Rah. Palm Island ; Barnard Islands No. 3 ; Home Islands off
Cape Grenville, North-East Australia. Also Fitzroy Island, found
under stones and coral.

The specific name pumila was changed by Souverbie, it having
been used by Dunker in Malak Blatter, 1859. The species is
found at New Caledonia. Specimens I obtained near Noumea.

22. — Columbella (Anachis) digglesi.

Columbella (Anachis) Digglesi, Brazier, Trans. Royal Soc.
N. S. W., 1874, p. 32.

*

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 229

CohimbeUa (Anachis) Digglesi, Pioc. Zool. Soc, London, 1874,
p. 671, pi. 83, figs. 11, 12.

Bab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms white
sandy bottom ; Katow, New Guinea, 7 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom.

The type specimen was dredged by me in 18 fathoms off Fitzroy
Island, North-East Australia.

23. COLUMBELLA (ANACHIS) GOWLLANDI.

Columbella (Anachis) Gowliandi, Brazier, Trans. Royal Soc.,
N.S.W., 1874, p. 33.

„ „ ,, „ Proc. Zool. Soc,

London, 1874, p. G71, pi. 83, figs. 15, 16.

Hab. Barnard Islands, No. 3, North-East Australia. Five
specimens found in company with Colvmbella reguhis (Souv.).

The type specimen in the British Museum was collected in 1871
by me at No. 6, or Eclipse Island, off Cape Sidmouth, North-East
Australia; and in 1872 I found four specimeds at Makera Harbor,
San Christoval, Solomon Islands.

24. — Columbella (Anachis) sp. 1
Hab. Katow, New Guinea, 7 fathoms, sandy mud bottom. One
dead and sea worn specimen, one line long.

25. — Columbella (Anachis) sp. 1
Hab. Katow, New Guinea, 7 fathoms, sandy mud bottom. Two
dead and seaworn specimens found.

26. — Columbella (Anachis) sp. 1
Hab. Katow, New Guinea, 7 fathoms, sandy mud bottom.
Three seaworn specimens found.

27. — Columbella (Anachis) clathrata, n. sp.

Shell ovately fusiform, yellowish white, polished, longitudinally

roundly ribbed, ribs smooth, interstices clathrate; suture canalicu-

Lated, noduled above and below, whorls 6, convex, the last lower

half transversely grooved on the back giving the surface a noduled

230 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINKEAN SOCIETY

appearance; aperture white, nearly oblong ovate, columella
straight, with thin lip, having three white nodules, peristome
thin at edge, thickened internally, having eight tubercules, the
second upper one prominent, somewhat Urate, sinuate at the upper
part, canal short, nai'row.

Length 3|, breadth 2 lines.

Hah. Katow, New Guinea, 7 fathoms, sandy mud bottom.
Twelve specimens of this beautiful species were obtained in good
condition, some specimens are more strongly clathrate than others.

28. — COLUMBELLA (AMYCLA) MARI.E, N. SP.

8hell acicular, club-shaped, smooth, yellowish brown minutely
marked with oblong white opaque spots, whorls 9, flattened, centre
of last encircled with a chain of brown and white alternate spots
contiguous to the suture ; below the suture transparent, spire
lengthened, apex acute, aperture long, narrow, peristome thin,
thickened behind, edged with brown, interior of aperture white,
denticulated, sinuated at the upper part, columella varicose, canal
short, recurved.

Length 5, breadth 2 lines.

Hob. Hall Sound, New Guinea. Only one fine living specimen
was found under a stone on the reef, the chain of brown and white
encircling the centre of the last whorl and contiguous to the suture,
are the chief characters that distinguish it from any other species
known to me.

29. — COLUMBELLA (AMYCLA) INSCRIPTA, N. SP.

Shell somewhat oblong ovate, smooth, whitish, ornamented
with l-eddish brown network, darker and broader towards the
centre, whorls 7, slightly convex, suture impressed, marked below
with white ovate blotches, then small narrow ones. having a trans-
verse chestnut line between every alternate one ; spire lengthened,
apex acute, aperture long, wide, interior of aperture ivory white,
columella thickened, varicose on the outside, having three pro.
minent little tubercules inside, peristome arcuated, upper part
sinuated, denticulated within, canal, short, narrow.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 231

Length 4, breadth 2 lines.

Bab. Percy Island, No. 2, North- Enst Australia, 18 fathoms,
found on a piece of A streopora, two living specimens obtained ;
Cape York, North Australia, 11 fathoms, sandy mud bottom, two
specimens found dead ; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, one spe-
cimen found under a block of coral on the reef; Katow, New
Guinea, 7 fathoms, sandy mud bottom, twenty found ; Warrior
Reef, west side, one specimen found in crevice of Madrepora on
the reef at low water.

This species is allied in its markings to Columbella lineolata,
Pease, from Port Jackson and Port Elliot, South Australia, con-
fused by Mr. Angas in Proc. Zool. Soc, 1867, with Columbella
dermestoides of Kiener. Dermestoides is a West Indian shell.

30. — Columbella (Amycla) merita, n. sp.

Shell thin, acicular, much contracted at the base, yellowish
white, whorls 8, 9, flattened, minutely tabled at the suture, orna-
mented with roundish opaque white spots, below the suture and
between the spots two narrow transverse reddish yellow lines one
above the other ; the lower having longitudinal lines of the same
colour running down, divided with a white band on the centre of
hist whorl, spire very much lengthened, aperture pear-shaped,
peristome thin, sinus at upper part, columella varicose, canal short,
narrow.

Length 3^ lines, breadth 1^ line.

Sab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, white sandy
bottom. Eight specimens of this fine species were found, the lips
not being full}.' formed.

31. — Columbella (Amycla) pudica, n. sp.

Shell club-shaped, thinnish, variously mottled with brown, some-
times having minute white spots, or having white and brown
flames above and below the suture; whorls 8, angularly spiral,
convex, suture slight!) tabled, transparent, spire long, apex white,
acute, columella curved and varicose at the lower part, peristome

232 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

thin at edge, very much thickened within, having from 2 to 3
small obtuse teeth, sinuated above, aperture oblong, ovate, canal
short, slightly recurved.

Length 3 lines, breadth 1 line.

Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, white
sandy bottom.

Of fifty specimens found, there are not two alike in markings ;
some are all white, some brown with snow spots, others brown
with white flames.

32. — COLUMBELLA (AmYCLA) ABYSSICOLA, N. SP.

Shell oblong, pyramidal, smooth, whitish, whorls 8, slightly
angled, flatly convex, tabled at the suture, opaque white, spirally
encircled in the centre with yellowish brown broad-arrow shaped
markings ; points showing to the right, marked as four arrows
placed one behind the other, opaque between, every alternate
space arrow shaped, last whorl below having the markings more
numerous and close set ; spire short, apex ivory white, columella
having seven conspicuous ridges with small expanded lip extending
across the body whorl in a thin callus plate ; joined to the upper
part near the suture, peristome thickened in the middle, strongly
denticulated within, aperture oblong ovate, white, canal narrow,
short.

Length If, breadth | line.

Hah. Percy Island No 2, North-East Australia, 18 fathoms,
found on a piece of Astreopora brought up in the dredge from a
coral and sand bottom, one specimen found ; Darnley Island,
Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, white sand bottom, thirteen speci-
mens found ; Katow, New Guinea, 7 fathoms, sandy mud bottom,
one specimen found.

33. COLUMBELLA (ASTYRIS) L.ETA, N. SP.

Shell ovate, smooth, acuminated at both ends, fulvous, whorls
6, spirally angled, slightly convex, transparent white at the angle,
marbled above and below with dark fulvous lines, sometimes
fiexuously waved, spire short, apex white, rounded, columella

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 233

smooth, curved, grooved in the middle, inner part forming a sharp
lip below upper part, with thin dejjosit of callus, varicose below
on the outside, peristome white, thin at edge, gibbous in the
middle, aperture narrow, little more than half the whole length,
canal narrow, slightly recurved.

Length 2 lines, breadth f line.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom, fourteen specimens found.

34. — Engina alveolata.

Purpura alveolafa, Kiener.

JRieinula alveolata, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 4, sp. 23.

Hab. Palm Island, North-East Australia ; Loug and Darnley
Islands, Torres Straits ; Pango Pango Harbour, Tutuila, Navi-
gator's Islands (Brazier), found on the reefs under broken coral.

This species was returned named by Mr. G. F. Angas in 18G7
as Engina lauta, Peeve ; both species are quite distinct as regards
colour and markings.

35. — Engina lauta.

liicinula lauta, Peeve. Conch., Icon., pi. 4, sp. 24.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits ; Strongs or Oualan Caro-
line Islands (Brazier).

Larger and more rounded with a reddish band on the centre of
the whorls than the preceding species.

36. — Engina lineata.
Ricinula lineata, Reeve, Conch., pi. 6, sp. 51.
Hab. Barnard Islands No. 3 ; Fitzroy Island, North-East Aus-
tralia, found under coral. Seven specimens found.

37. — Pusiostoma mendicaria.
Voluta mendicaria, Linn. Gmel. p. 3448. No. 38.
Columbella mendicaria, Lam. Auiui. Sans Vert, tome 7, p. 29G.
JRieinula mendicaria, Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 2, sp. 8.

234 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

Columbella mendicaria (Pusiostoma) Chenu, Manuel de Conch .
p. 202, fig. 1106.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, common under coral.

Family Cassidid^e.
38. — Cassis cornuta.
Cassis cornutus, Linn. Gmel. p. 3472, No. 11.

„ cornuta Lam. Anim. Sans Yert. tome 7, p. 219.
„ ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 1, sp. 2.

„ » labiata, Chemn. Conch. 11 to 184, f. 1790-1791.
Cassidea cornuta, Brug. Diet. No. 17.
Hah. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.

This species, the giant of the genus, is cpxite common throughout
Torres Straits.

39. — Semicassis pila, var.
Cassis pila, Reeve, Conch., pi. 9, sp. 21.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, white sand
bottom. Only one fine living specimen was found.

40. — Casmaria vibex.

Buccinum vibex, Linn., Gmel. p. 3479, No. 36.

Cassis vibex, Lam. Anim., Sans Vert., tome 7, p. 228.

Cassidea vibex, Brug., Diet. No. 1.

Cassis ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 7, sp. 15c. 15b.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 5 fathom, sandy mud

bottom.

Family Doliidje.

41. — Dolium Chinense.
Dolium Australie seu Chinense, Chem., Conch. Cab. 11, f. 1804,
1805.

Buccinum Chinense, Dillw. Desc. Cat. 2, p. 585.

,, ,, Wood, Index. Testae, pi. 22, f. 7.

Dolium variegatum, Phillippi (not Lam.) Neuer, Conch. 3,
p. 36, Dol. pi. 3, f. 1, 2.

Dolium Chinense, Desh. ed. Lam. 10, p. 146.

„ ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 6, sp. 10a.

1) )>

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 235

Hab. Low Island, Trinity Bay, and Home Islands, off Cape
Grenville, North-East Australia, found on the reef in small pools
of water.

42. — DOLIUM FIMBRIATUM.

Buccenum dolium, Linn. Mus. Ulric.

Mawe, Conch.pl. 24, f. 1.

Burrow, Elements Conch., pi. 16, f. 1.

Caches casis, Bolten, teste Mb'rch.

Dolium fimbriatum, Sowerby, Genera Shells, No. 29.

„ „ Beeve, Conch. Syst., pi. 264, f. 2, Elements,

Conch, vol. 1, pi. 5, f. 24, Conch. Icon. pi. 3, sp. 3b. not 3a.

Hab. Hall Sound, New Guinea. Two specimens found on the

reef under stones.

Fam. Sycotypid^e.

43. — Sycotypus ficoides.

Pyrula ficoides, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert, tome, 7, p. 142.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 15, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy
mud bottom.

The synonyms of the genus Sycotypus, Browne, are Ficus,

Bolton, not Linn., Pyrula (part) Lamarck Ficula, Swainson, and

Otus, Bisso.

. Eamily NATICIDvE.

44. — Natica lineata.
Natica lineata, Lam. Anim. Sans Vert., tome 6, p. 201.

,, ,, Beeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 7, sp. 24.

Hab. Cape York, North Australia. Found on sand flats at
low water, Katow, New Guinea.

45. — Natica Maheense.
Natica Maheense, Becluz., M.S., Mus. Cuming, British Museum.

,, ,, Beeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 14, sp. 58, a,b,c.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sandy bottom.
A few specimens of this fine species were found.

46. — Natica globosa.
Nerita globosa, Chem., Conch., vol. 5, p. 188, f. 1896, 1897.
Natica helvacea, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert, tome 6, p. 200.

236 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINISTEAN' SOCIETY

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 25 fathoms, sandy bottom.
One specimen found.

47. — Natica Marochiensis.

Nerita marochana, Cliem., Conch., vol. 5, p. 188, f. 1905, 1908.

Natica marochiensis, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome G, p. 203.

Nerita ,, Gnielin., p. 3673, No. 15.

Natica marochiensis, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 13, sp. 52.

Hob. Home Islands, off Cape Grenville, North-East Australia,
Hall Sound, New Guinea, also Port Jackson, Solomon, Caroline,
and Marshall Islands. Found on Sand flats at low water (Brazier).

48. — Natica Chinensis.
Natica chinensis, Lam. Anim., Sans Vert., tome 6, p. 204.
,, ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 19, sp. 82, a,b.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms. Thirteen
specimens found.

49. — Natica Colliei.
Natica Colliei, Recluz., Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1843, p. 207.

,, ,, Reeve, Conch., Icon., pi. 24, sp. 12a, 12 b.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 25, 30 fathoms, sandy
bottom ; Warrior Reef, west side, 8 fathoms, sandy mud bottom ;
Bet Island, Torres Straits, found on reefs.

50. — Natica areolata.

Natica areolata, Recluz., Proc, Zool. Soc, London, 1843, p. 206.

Hah. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 20 fathoms, sand
and broken shell bottom ; Cape York, North Australia, 1 1 fathoms,
sand bottom;. Bet Island, Torres Straits, 11 fathoms, bottom of
broken shells and coral ; found also at the Sow and Pigs bank,
Port Jackson, 4 fathoms, sandy bottom, found under stones at
Vaucluse Point, washed on shore after south-east gale at Capes
Banks and Solander, Botany Bay (Brazier.)

51. — Natica sp. 1
Hab. Katow, New Guinea, 7 fathoms, sandy mud bottom.
One specimen found in an immature state.

op new south wales. 237

52. — Natica, sp. 1
Hab. Cape York, North Australia, 5 fathoms, sandy bottom.
One immature specimen found.

53. — Natica, sp. ?
Hab. Cape York, North Australia, 5 fathoms, sandy bottom.
One sea-worn specimen found.

54.— Natica, sp. 1
Sab. Cape York, North Australia, 11 fathoms, sandy mud
bottom. Specimens all sea- worn.

55. — Lunatia Raynoldiana.
Natica Raynoldiana, Recluz., Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1843,
p. 212.

,, Raynaudiana, Peeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 13, sp. 5G a,b.
Hab. Cape Grenville, North-east Australia, 15 fathoms, sandy
mud bottom : Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20, 30 fathoms,
sandy bottom ; also found at Ponope, Caroline Islands, Noumea,
New Caledonia (Brazier).

56. — Lunatia variabilis.
Natica variabilis, Recluz., M.S., Mus. Cuming in British
Museum.

„ „ Reeve, Conch., Icon., pi. 23, sp. 104 a,b.

Hab. Princess Chaidotte Bay, North-East Australia, 14 fathoms,
rough sand and coral bottom ; Cape York, North Australia, 5, 11
fathoms, sandy mud; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10, 15, 30
fathoms, white sand bottom ; also. Noumea Harbour, New Cale-
donia, 5 fathoms, bottom of mud and weeds (Brazier).

57. — Lunatia Steangei.

Natica Strang'ei, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 18, sp. 81 a,b.

Hab. Cape York, Mud Bay, North Australia ; one living
specimen was found on the sand Hat at Mud Bay ; found also at
Moreton Bay and Port Denison, Queensland ; sand-spit, Middle
Harbour, Port Jackson (Brazier).

238 the proceedings of the linnean society

58. — Neverita albumen.
Nerita albumen, Linn. Gmelin., p. 3671, No. 5.
Natica ,, Lam., Aniin., Sans Vert., tome, 6, p. 196.

., ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 8, sp. 31 a,l>.

Hub. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sand bottom.
One tine living specimen was found at the above depth.

59. — Neverita Peteveriana.
Neverita I'eteve iana, Recluz., M.S., Mus. Cuming in British
Museum.

Natica Pitiveriana, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 5, sp. 17 a,b.
JIab. Katow, New Guinea, found on the sands at low water.

60. — Ruma Maura.
Natica maura, Brug., Encyclop. Methodique, pi. 453, fig. 4 a,b.

,, ,. Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 7, sp. f. 25 a,b.

JIab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on the reefs under
coral. Six very fine specimens found.

61. — Ruma melanostoma.
Natica melanostoma, Lam., Anim. Sans Vert., tome 6, p. 198.
Nerita ,, Gmelin., p. 3674, No. 19.

Natica „ Reeve, Conch., Icon., pi. 8, sp. 30, a,b.

Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.

62. — Ruma eilosa.
Natica filosa, Sowerby, M.S , Mus. Cuming in British Museum.

„ ,. Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 17, sp. 72, a,b.
Hah. Low Island, Trinity Bay, North-East A ustralia, found on
sand patches inside the reefs ; Cape Grenville, North-East Aus-
tralia, 15 fathoms, sandy mud bottom ; Darnley Island, Torres
Straits, 20, 30 fathoms, sandy bottom ; also Port Stephens and
Port Jackson, New South Wales (Brazier).

63. — Ruma melanostomoides.
Natica melanostomoides, Quoy., Voy. de l'Astrolabe.

„ ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 22, sp. 101.

OF NEW SOUTH WALKS. 239

Sab. Cape Grenville, North-East Australia, 30 fathoms, white
sand bottom. Only two specimens of this rave species were found.

64. — Mamma steaminea.
Natica straminea, Recluz., Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 1843, p. 211.

„ „ Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 9, sp. 32, a,b.

Ilab. Home Islands, off Cape Grenville, North-East Australia.
Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on the sands inside the reefs.

This species M. Recluz makes a variety of Natica aurantia,
Lam., as Var. B. Lutea seu straminea. It differs from the true
aurantia in being of a beautiful sulphur colour.

65. — Mamma pyruJtormis. -f

Natica pyriformis, Recluz, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1843, p.
211.

,, „ Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 5, sp. 16.

Bab. Home Islands, off Cape Grenville, North-East Australia ;
Darnley and Warrior Islands, Torres Straits, on the sands at low
water.

66. — Mamma Flemingiana.

Natica Flemingiana, Recluz, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1843,
p. 209.

„ ,, Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 18, sp. 80, a,b.

Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, found on sand fiats.

67. — Mamma deiodosa.
Natica deidosa, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 9. sp. 35 a,b.
Sab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits.

68. — Catinus planulatus.

Sigaretus planulatus, Recluz, Sowei'by, in Reeve, Cohch. Icon.,
Sigaretus, pi. 2, sp. 7, a, b.

Hob. Hall Sound, New Guinea, found on the sands; Bet
Island, Torres Straits, 11 fathoms.

240 THE PROCEEDINGS OP THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
69. SlGARETUS EXIM1US.

Sigaretus eximius, Sowerby, Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 5, sp.
22, a, b.

Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 20 fathoms, fine white
sand ; Evans Bay, Cape York, 7 fathoms, sandy mud.

Family LamellariidjE.

70. — Lamellaria, sp. 1
Hab. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fathoms, sand bottom.
The upper half of a specimen of this genus was obtained dead
and sea-worn.

On a new genus of Arachnidse, by H. H. B. Bradley, Esq.
Rhyncharachne. Nov. Genus. — Plate II.

Cephalothorax to a considerable extent hidden by the projection
of the abdomen ; cephalic part, marked by a deep furrow, pointed,
not elevated, and terminating in a tubercle which carries six eyes ;
this tubercle projects, and is lower than the hinder part of the
cephalothorax.

Eyes eight, up equal, round ; six placed in two rows on the
tubercle, two in the upper and four in the lower row ; four inter-
mediate ej^es, directed forwards, forming a trapezium, narrowest at
the upper part ; eyes of the upper row larger than the other eyes
o these rows ; laterals of the lower row smallest of a 1, as far from
the intermediates of that row as are the eyes of the upper row, and
placed on the side of the tubercle directed laterally ; the other two
eyes, placed in the angles of the cephalothorax, are largest of all,
and are also directed laterally.

Maxillae hatchet-shaped, short, inclined on the labium, straight
on the outer edge, and rounded at the extremities.

Labium a little broader than long, convex, and rounded at the
anterior margin.

Legs of two first pairs long and directed forwards ; of two hinder
pairs short and directed backwards — 1, 2, 4, 3.

Palpi moderately long.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 241

Sternum oval.

Falces moderately long and strong ; fangs short, strongly curved.

Abdomen longer than broad, projecting over about half the
cephalothorax, broadest at the anterior part, pointed at the
posterior.

R. dromodaria.

Total length, .007 m.

Cephalothorax broad at the posterior part, where it is very high
and arched ; caput oval, narrower, and separated by a deep furrow ;
cephalothorax .0035 m. long, .002 broad in the broadest part ;
moderately high and arched, divided by a deep distinct furrow ;
caput very slightly higher than the rest of the cephalothorax ; pro-
jecting from the front part is a blunt tubercle, about .001 m. long,
bearing six eyes, as shown in the plate ; this tubercle is about as
broad as long, and is narrowest at the base ; color of cephalothorax,
maxillae, palpi, labium, sternum, light brownish yellow; falces same
color, darker towards the points ; fangs dark reddish brown.

Legs and palpi light yellowish brown ; the lower \ art of the
femoral d rker, and provided with short tubercles on the inner
side ; tibial spotted with same colour, moderately furnished with
hair, and more so at the extremities ; legs — first pair terminated
by a triple claw, the upper claw strongest dentated ; length of
first pair .0105, of second .0095, of fourth .009, of third .007 in.

Abdomen .006 m. long and .004 m. broad in the broadest part;
triangular, the base being in front, where it projects as far as the in-
sertion of the third pair of legs ; of a yellowish grey, with dark mark-
ing in the centre part, where it is very much depressed, presenting
the •" bruised-in " appearance of coelenia ; on the front part are two
pointed tubercles ; at the anterior angles are double pointed tuber-
cles, and on the sides are three small pointed tubercles ; under-
neath of a similar colour, with a brownish grey triangular spot in
the centre.

One female specimen (] mature) from Hall Sound, New Guinea,
among the Chevert collection in the Macleay museum. I know
nothing of the habits of this insect, and propose also to place it
amongst the Ruditelarise.

242 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

SEPTEMBEE 25th, 1870.

William Macleay, Esq., President in the Chair.
The Secretary announced the receipt of a donation from the
Rev. Dr. Woolls, M.A., of Part 3 of Dr. Von. Mueller's Educa-
tional Collection of Australian Plants.

The following Papeis were read : —

Observations on the Genus Risella, by Rev. J. E. Tenison-
Woods, F.L.S.,F.G.S.,C.M.R.S., Sydney, Tasmania, and of
Linn. Soc, N.S.W.

Risella is a genus separated from the genus Trochus principally
on account of the complete absence of any nacreous character, and
according to M. Quoy the sexes being in different animals. In
1839, Dr. Gray, in the Zoology of Beechey's Voyage, p. 141, pro-
posed to unite such shells with the genus Littorina, but in the
following year, in his Synopsis of the British Museum, created a
separate genus for their reception, which he named Risella, but
gave no definition. Philippi, in the Zeitsch. f. Malac. for 1846,
gave a definition of the genus and called it Bembicium. Finding,
however, that he had been anticipated in the name, but not in the
description, he with great modesty withdrew his generic title in
favor of that of Gray in his Handbuch f. Conch, n. Malak, 1853,
p. 176. In 1864, M. H. Crosse gave in the Jour, de Conch., p.
225, a monograph of the whole genus, in which he l'eviewed the
synonomy in an exhaustive manner. He also drew attention to
certain peculiarities of real generic value which had escaped pre-
vious observers, notably the funiculate thickening of the basal part
of the throat. The genus may therefore be characterised as

follows : —

G. Risella, Gray, 1840.

Testa univalvis, spiralis, conica, imperforata, haud margaritacea ;
anfr. 6-7, planis, ultimo angulato, scepe acute carinato. Apertura
depressa, obliqua, rhombea ; fauce in, parte basali incrassata ;
columella simplex, obliqua, scindens ; operculum oblongum, comeum,
paucispiratum, nucl. marginato.

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 243

This definition differs in important particulars from that of
Philippi, Crosse, or Adams, but principally in the thickening uf
the throat and the oblong paucisprial operculum. No authors
have hitherto described the operculum in detail.

M. Quoy in his very elaborate notice of Trochus melanostomus
and T. nanus, now recognised »»s Risella melanostoma and I', nana,
gives f 11 details of the anatomy. He states {Voy. de V Astrolabe,
Zool. vol. 3, p. 271-278) that the sexes are distinct. After having
dissected a very large number of specimens in Tasmania, I am
convinced that the animals are truly hermaphi*oclite, and are pro-
vided in every species with male and female organs. Nevertheless,
the sexes seem to be distinct, because some take the office of the
male and some the female. In such cases the shells differ, and
have been hitherto regarded as distinct species, whereas they are
only male and female shells, as I shall presently show.

Mons. Crosse enumerates no less than nine species of the genus,
all of which are indigenous to Australian seas. The following is
his list : —

Risella melanostoma, Chemnitz (V) Gmelin, Crosse, and Angas.

Hub. Port Phillip, var. S. Australia. Angas.

Risella aurata, Quoy, Deshayes (in Lamarck) Philippi, Risella
lutea, H. an 1 A. Adams.

JrJab. D'Entrecasteaux Channel, Tasmania, Quoy; St. Viucent's
Gulf, S. A., Crosse.

Risella nana, Lamarck, Quoy, Delessert ; Littorina australis,
Gray, Bembicium nanum Philippi, pictum, idem R, nana, H. and
A. Adams, Chnu. manuel.

Hob. Storm Bay, Tasmania, Quoy ; " sur quelques points du
grand continent Australien." Crosse.

Risella plana, Quoy, Phillippi, Adams.

Hob. "Western Port, Quoy ; St. Vincent's Gulf, Crosse ; Port
Jackson, Angas.

Risella lutea, Quoy, Kiener, Philippi : Trochus cicatricosus,
Jonas.

Hab. Brackish waters, Western Australia ; Port Jackson,
Angas.

244 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

Risella Bruni, Crosse, Jour, de Conchy., 18G4, p. 239.

Hab. Spencer's Gulf, South Australia.

Risella livlda, Philippi, Adams.

Bah.— 1

Risella vittata, Philippi, Adams.

Hab. Adelaide (?).

Risella imbricata, Cray, Philippi, Adams.

H a b.—l

From this list I think we may at once erase the three last.
From the definition given by the authors of the specific names, we
may be quite sure that we are dealing with mere varieties, or
young individuals of the three first species named. Having paid
attention to this genus for some years, and having examined some
hundreds, nay, I may say thousands of specimens from all the
Australian colonies as well as Tasmania, T may safely say that
there are no such species as R. imbricata, viatata, and livida, but
that individual specimens of A*, nana may easily be found to cor-
respond with all of them.

It is with some considerable hesitation that I say that I think
Mons. Crosse's species, It. liruni, should also be reduced to a mere
local variety of R. nana. I should say it is no more than a pale
and rather more tumid species inhabiting Spencer's Gulf.

This leaves us five species which must again be reduced, because
R. aurata is only the male animal of R. nana. This may appear
startling, but it is a fact which I have established after long-con-
tinued observation. In the first place, the two animals may be
seen breeding together any day upon the rocks of D'Entrecasteaux
Channel at low tide. If, moreover, the two species are kept in a
small aquarium, they will breed readily, and R. nana will be the
mother of the fry.

My observations here, however, revealed a still more surprising
fact. Having ascertained beyond a doubt that both male and
female shells (as for convenience we may call them, though some
other term is required to express the sexual relations) are herma-
phrodite, if R. nana (female) and R. aurata (male) are kept
apart in separate glass jars, they are seen to couple together, that

OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 2-15

is. R. nana with its own kind, and R. avrata with its own kind,
as indeed they may sometimes be seen to do upon the rocks ; but
they do not become fertile. I say this, however, with hesitation,
as my observations were only continued for a few weeks, and in
that time the experiment could not be regarded as conclusive. It
would not surprise me to find that either or both can become
fertile, because there are many places on the coast where no species
can be found, except the variety now known as R. aurata. On
the beach by the side of Government House, Hobart Town, no
grown specimen of R. nana is seen, yet young individuals are just
as plentiful theie as elsewhere. From my observations, I hold it
is quite certain that the normal arrangement is for R. aurata to
fertilise R. nana, which latter brings forth the fry.

How then are we to regard the names R. nana and R. aurata
— as synonyms, or what ] The names of species they are not ;
neither are they the names of varieties. Their date is the same,
having both been bestowed by Messrs. Quoy and Gairnard in 1834
loc. cit., p. 273, 276, pi. 62.) I should prefer keeping R. aurata
as less liable to lead into error for nana ; a dwarf is not applicable,
the species being by no means the smallest of the genus, and being,
moreover, very variable in size. The following is the diagnosis of
Messrs. Q. and G. with the synonomy of Crosse.

Trochus auratus, Q. and G. I. c. Kiener, species pi. 34, /. 2 ;
T. melanostomus, Deshayes, 1843, in Lamarck, ed. '2, vol. 9, p. 157
(rec GmelinJ ; Bembicium melanostomum, Philippi 1846, in Zeits.
fur Malak., p. 130/ Risella lutea, R. and A. Adam*, 1858, Genera
vol. 1, p. 318, pi. 33, fig. 5, rec (Q. and G.J ; Crosse, Jour, de
Conchyl., vol. 12 f 1864), p. 233.

Testa imperforata, conica, rugosa, subplicata, lutea, Aammidis
longitudinalibus fuscis ornata ; basi plana, striata.

Messrs. Quoy and G. found the species on the rock in D'Entre-
casteaux Channel, whence all my specimens came. Mr. G. F.
Angas emotes it also as from St. Vincent's Gulf, S. Australia, but
the species vary there to some extent, as I shall presently notice.
The following is my own diagnosis from a comparison of many
hundred species :— -

246 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

Shell depressedly conical, suborbicular, imperforate, rugoso-
plicate, subplicate, or nearly smooth, pale yellow, whitish or brown,
clouded, striped with pale green, sometimes mottled white, aud
livid on the upper whorls ; very distinctly spirally grooved, and
crossed with much inclined diagonal lines of growth ; whorls 6-7
generally undulately plicate at the suture, which is either
impressed or overlapping ; base very flat, acutely angled at the
periphery, which is undulating or round, according as the whorls
are plicate or not, spirally Urate with 5-7 spirally raised lines which
are diagonally crossed with strongly mai'ked lines of growth and
very finely, almost squamosely undulately striate ; periphery mar-
gined at the base ; that is to say, there is always a clear marginal
space between the lira? and the edge ; aperture subquadrate, much
produced above ; throat conspicuously enamelled ; outer lip thin,
margined within with a yellow line, and then generally a rich deep
brown ; base of throat wholly white, or with a broad white band ;
columella conspicuously orange, and spirally grooved posteriorly
(visible under the lens) ; the upper part of the throat sometimes
brown, sometimes white, but always enamelled. Dimensions of
the largest specimen : diameter of base 17, alt. 14, of the smallest
ll-7i millimetres.

It is worthy of remark that in this variety there is little or no
thickening of the base, which is denticulate at the edge, but not
lirate within ; and finally, that the deep brown color is a thick
vitreous translucent substance easily separated from the shelly
outer covering, and when the basal part of the throat is broken
away, it is seen to extend like a broad margin of brunswick black
round the upper interior.

The operculum is a pale, translucent yellow, oblong, few whorled,
and an almost marginal nucleus.

The odontophore (lingual ribbon) is a very fine, glassy, narrow,
flattened *mbe, about 20 millimetres long, and lying in a coil just
below the red fleshy buccal mass. Inside this tube the teeth are
affixed to a somewhat thickened transparent membrane. The
teeth are very numerous in sets or chevrons of seven ; that is

OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 247

to say, three in a diagonal line on each side from a central tooth.
They are perfectly vitreous, colorless, and transparent. The central
tooth is long-curved and sharp-pointed, with two very small lateral
cusps. The first two laterals are also apparently provided with
cusps. The outer teeth have a broad summit, which is tridentate.
Thus it differs from the dental formula given after Wilton in
Woodward's Mollnsca (Tate's edit. 1871, p. 252), and from that of
Gray (Guide to Mollusca in Brit. Mus., 1857, p. 90). The tube
of the odontophore is so very thin that the upper membrane is
easily destroyed in drying.

Eisella nana. B. t. arbicvlari, stibronica, ad periphceriam,
acute angulata, cinereo-virente ; Uriels longitudimalibus fuscis radi-
antibus; anfr. planiuscuhs ; hi fima facie plana, concentrice sulcata,
violarescente ; umbilico nulla. Lamarck 1822, an'm. s. verteb.,
gen. Trochus n. 67. Alt. 12, diam. max. 16 mil.

This species or variety, which, as I have said, takes the office of
female to R. aurata, differs in being a larger and more solid shell
with flattened smooth whorls which are seldom rugose, and seldom
with the regular plaits of the male variety. It is sometimes much
corroded and rough, and is either high and obtusely conical with
an obtusely angled periphery, or depressed and very acutely angled.
One constant feature it possesses, unless where much corroded,
and that is the transverse sloping brown or black lines on a grey
or brown ground. It has the same Urate flattened base, with the
smooth margin, which is common to all the species known to me.
The mouth has a highly polished enamel, variously striped or
clouded, yellow and brown, but much paler generally, and with
less brown than the preceding variety. It is a larger shell in
every way, more solid, and with a thickened base. The odonto-
phore is similar to the last described in the number and arrange-
ment of the teeth, but they are less crowded and longer. ' It is
longer and broader, and like the preceding, a tube.

Though the above differences are plainly marked in the extremes
of both varieties, yet it must be admitted that gradations from one
form to the other may be found. The spiral lirse with plaits in

248 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

R. aurata, and the smooth whorls with diagonal lines of color in
R. nana are the most constant distinction.

R. melanostoma is marked with R. aurata by Gray floe. cit.J as
variety of one species. This I believe. At any rate, the former
is unknown to me. It is the oldest name, but from the imperfect
diagnosis of Chemnitz it is impossible to identify the shell meant
as a Jtisella.

R. plana, Quoy, is a very depressed solid angular Urate and
plicate species with a yellowish white mouth. It is longer than
the preceding, and its specific characters seem very constant. The
animal I have not seen. The shell is found all round the Aus-
tralian coast from Port Stephens to S. Vincent's Gulf.

R. lutea, Quoy, I believe to be only a corroded and brackish
water or male variety of the preceding ; but I know little of
the living habits of the species. In Dr. Cox's extensive collec-
tion, I noticed the shells named R. lutea which appeared to me a
common form of R. nana or aurata, but adult or perhaps
more correctly in old age. It is corroded, and the mai'ginal
space on the base is not visible. It is common in Tasmania,
and breeds readily with R. nana. Mr. Angas says (Zool.
Proc. 1867, p. 209), this species, the most conical of the
genus, is common on the rocks outside Port Jackson, and along
the coast to Kiama and Jervis Bay. Mr. Crosse (loc. cit, p. 238)
says, on the authority of MM. Q. and G., that it is found through-
out King George's Sound, but principally in the little salt ci'eeks.
The only good figures, says M. Grosse, are those of Kiener, in his
monograph of the genus Trochus — but there is no description as
the work is not completed.

Thus we should have only two species of Risella, with male or
female varieties of both.

It is possible that these two species may even yet be reduced to
one ; but I respectfully beg the attention of naturalists to the fact
that the sexual differences are marked by differences in the shells.
This may open up a most important, fact for the whole of our con-
chologic d nomenclature. I also call attention to the remarkable

OF NEW SOUTH WALKS. 249

manner of breeding of hermaphrodite mollusca. As yet, we know
little or nothing of the physiology of reproduction under these
peculiar conditions, and I submit that most important physiological
and zoological facts are contained therein, bearing on the whole
question of evolution. The subject may he said to be at our doors,
and may he studied with the greatest ease by anyone who gives it
a careful attention. I have written this paper in the hope of
drawing other observers into this most inviting and interesting
field.

Shells collected during the Chevert Expedition, with Descriptions
of the New Species, by J. Brazier, C.M.Z.S.

Family Scalaridje.
1.— scalaria rkplicata.
Scalaria replicata, Sow. Jun., Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1844,
p. 11.

„ „ Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 84, pi. 32,

f. 23, 24.

Hob. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 10 fathoms, sandy mud.

2. — Scalaria Phillippinarum.
Scalaria Phillipjainarum, Sowerby, Jun. Proc. Zool. Soc, London,
1844, p. 12.

Thes. Conch., vol. 1, p. 85, pi. 32,
f 21 22

Hah. Darnlsy Island, Torres Straits, 10 fathoms, sandy mud.
This species is also f